Green Computing

GREEN COMPUTING

Aswathy R K406

What Is Green Computing?

"The study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated subsystems efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment."

Why Green Computing?

Growing public environmental awareness

Increasing impacts on environmental and human health

Corporate social responsibility

Roads To Green Computing

• Green Use

• Green Disposal

• Green Design

• Green Manufacturing

Reasons for Adopting Green Solution

Manufacturing of PC’s Lead: used in soldering of printed circuit boards lead can

cause damage to the central and peripheral nervous system , blood systems and kidneys.

Mercury: used in batteries, switches . Mercury spreads out in water transforming into methylated mercury that can cause chronic brain damage.

 Cadmium: used in resistors for chips and in

semiconductors . Cadmium is classified as toxic these compounds accumulate in the human body, particularly the kidneys.

Green manufacturing

• Bamboo : is becoming increasingly popular for making casings for computers and peripherals.

• Recyclable plastics : computers are constructed from non-recyclable plastics ie recyclable polycarbonate resin.

• Eco-friendly flame retardant : there are flame retardant silicone compounds available that are flame retardant and completely non-toxic.

• Inventory management : reducing the quantity of both hazardous materials used in the process and the amount of excess raw materials.

• Volume reduction : removes hazardous portion of waste from non hazardous portion.

Green Products

Approaches

• Virtualisation

• Algorithm Efficiency

• Power Management

• Power Supply

• Display

• Storage

• Material Recycling

• Telecommunicating

Virtualization Instead of having one computer for each service or set of

services, you can instead consolidate each server onto a larger virtualized system that uses its resources to the fullest, and has a much smaller energy footprint.

This benefits in several ways:

• It reduces the total amount of hardware used in your environment

• Idle Virtual servers can be powered off

• The virtualized server will have much less idle time and waste less

• The total volume of space, air, and rent will be reduced. Data centers can use up to 100 times the energy per square foot of typical office space.

Algorithmic efficiency:

• The efficiency of algorithms has an impact on the amount of computer resources required for any given computing function and there are many efficiency trade-offs in writing programs. While algorithmic efficiency does not have as much impact as other approaches, it is still an important consideration. A study by a physicist at Harvard, estimated that the average Google search released 7 grams of carbon dioxide (CO₂).However, Google disputes this figure, arguing instead that a typical search produces only 0.2 grams of CO₂.

Power Management

The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), an open industry standard, allows an operating system to directly control the power-saving aspects of its underlying hardware. This allows a system to automatically turn off components such as monitors and hard drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition, a system may hibernate, where most components (including the CPU and the system RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called Advanced Power Management, which allows a computer's BIOS to control power management functions.

Power supply

Desktop computer power supplies (PSUs) are generally 70–75% efficient, dissipating the remaining energy as heat. An industry initiative called 80 PLUS certifies PSUs that are at least 80% efficient all new Energy Star 4.0-certified desktop PSUs must be at least 80% efficient.

Display

CRT monitors typically use more power than LCD monitors. They also contain significant amounts of lead. LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display. Some newer displays use an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of electricity used by the display.Fluorescent back-lights also contain mercury, whereas LED back-lights do not.  

Storage

Smaller form factor (e.g. 2.5 inch) hard disk drives often consume less power per gigabyte than physically larger drives. Unlike hard disk drives, solid-state drives store data in flash memory or DRAM. With no moving parts, power consumption may be reduced somewhat for low capacity flash based devices

Material Recycling

• Computer monitors (CRTs) contain an average of 4 lbs. of lead, a lot of reusable glass, chromium and mercury. All of these elements can be extracted and reused. For example, our recycler takes the glass from old monitors, and sends them to Samsung for use on flat screen monitors and TVs.

• CDs/DVDs contain gold, glass, plastic, nickel and other elements that are completely recoverable and reusable.

• Batteries – everything from the batteries that power your phone, laptop, and mouse can be recycled, whether single-use or rechargable.

Telecommunicating

• Teleconferencing and Telepresence technologies are often implemented in green computing initiatives.

• The advantages are many; increased worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, and increased profit margins as a result of lower overhead costs for office space, heat, lighting, etc.

• Voice over IP (VoIP) reduces the telephony wiring infrastructure by sharing the existing Ethernet copper. VoIP and phone extension mobility also made hot desking more practical.

Energy Use of PCs• CPU uses 120 Watts• CRT uses 150 Watts

– 8 hours of usage, 5 days a week = 562 Kwatts– for a large institution, say a university of 40,000

students and faculty, the power bill for just computers can come to $2 million / year

• Energy use comes from– electrical current to run the CPU, motherboard,

memory– running the fan and spinning the disk(s)– monitor (CRTs consume more power than any other

computer component)

How to save energy while working on the internet ??

• Blackle is a website powered by Google Custom Search and created by Heap Media, which aims to save energy by displaying a black background and using grayish-white font color for search results.

• Blackle saves energy because the screen is predominantly black

• Set Blackle as your homepage.

How to save energy while working on the

computer?? Sleep mode:

• Sleep or standby mode conserves energy by cutting off power to your display, hard drives and peripherals.

• After a pre-set period of inactivity, your computer switches to a low power state.

Hibernate mode :

• Saves energy and protects your work by copying system data to a reserved area on your hard drive and then completely turning off your computer.

• Reduces wear and tear on your components.

Energy star• One of the first manifestations of the green computing

movement was the launch of energy star program back in 1992.

• Energy Star served as a kind of voluntary label awarded to computing products that succeeded in minimizing use of energy while maximizing efficiency.

• Energy Star applied to products like computer monitors, television sets and temperature control devices like refrigerators, air conditioners, and similar items.

Steps For Green Computing

• Environmentally Sound Purchase Systems

• Sustainable Green Computing Plan

• Reduce Paper Consumption

• Conserve Energy

• Recycling

Advantages

• Reduce Energy Usage

• Conserving Resources

• Reduces The Risk

• Saving The Energy

• Saving The Planet

Recent Implementations

Blackle

Fit-PC

Zonbu computer

Sunray thin client

The Asus Eee PC

Other implementations

Future Of Green Computing

The plan towards green IT should include new

electronic products and services with optimum

efficiency and all possible options towards

energy savings.

Conclusion

The greenest computer will not miraculously

fall from the sky one day, it’ll be the product of

years of improvements. The features of a green

computer of tomorrow would be like: efficiency,

manufacturing & materials, recyclability,

service model, self-powering, and other trends.

THANK YOU!