Grammar Handbook Zorro Sanchez
Grammar Handbook
Zorro Sanchez
Table of ContentsTopics
1. Nationalities2. Stem changers3. Para4. IOP5. Pronoun Placement6. Gustar7. Affirmative and Negative
words 8. Superlatives 9. Reflexives10. Affirmative tú commands/
irregulars/ pronoun placement11. Negative tú commands/
irregulars/ pronoun 12. Sequencing events
Slide numbers • Slide 3• Slide 4• Slide 5• Slide 6• Slide 7• Slide 8• Slide 9
• Slide 10
Nationalities
Stem Changer• Servir• Decir• Despedir
Pedir ( to ask for) E > i
• Querer• Tener • Preferir
Pensar ( to think)E > ie
• Almorzar• Contar• Costar
Dormir ( to sleep)O > ue
Pido
Piden
Pides
Pide
Piensa
Piensas
Pienso
Piensan
Pedimos
Pensáis
Pensamos
Pedís
Duermen Duerme
Duermes
Duermo
Dormís
Dormimos
Para
To indicate destination
To show the use or
purposes of a thing
To mean “in order to” or
“for the purpose of”
To indicate a recipient
To express a deadline or
specific time
To express a contrast
from what is expected
“Estar para” to epress an action that will soon be completed
IOP
Singular
Le (you
formal, him, her)
Te (you
familiar)
Me (me)
Plural
Les (you, them)
Os (you
familiar)
Nos (us)
IOPs are nouns that
tell to whom/what
or for whom/what
Pronoun Placement
• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive• Attach the pronoun to progressive
tense • Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command• Place the pronoun before a
conjugated verb
Gustar
Gusta/ Gustan
Me (I) Te (You)Le
(Him/ Her/It)
Nos (We)
Os (You all)
Les (They/ Them)
• Negative phrase• No ___ gusta
• Gusta singular• me gusta la
comida
• Gusta antes de un infinitive• me gusta
hablar español
• Gustan • me gustan las
enchiladas
Affirmative and Negative Words
Affirmative Words
Algo
Alguien
Algún/ Alguno(a)Siempre
También
Negative Words
Nada
Nadie
Ningún/ Ninguno(a)Nunca
Tampoco
When you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation, you use an affirmative or negative word.
If a verb is proceeded by a no, word that follow must be a negative and a double negative is required when no proceeds the verb
SuperlativesSuffix
added to adjective
and adverb
ísimo
ísimos
ísima
ísimas
Equivalent to extremely or very
Adjective and adverb ending in c, g, and z change spelling to qu, go, and c respectively
Adjective that end in n or r form by adding císimo/a
Reflexives
Me Nos
Te Os
Se Se Used when the subject
receives the action
Reflexive verbs will have se attached at
the end like acostarseLocated in front of the conjugated verb, attached to a gerund, attached to an infinitive, or attached to an affirmative command
Affirmative tú commands/ irregulars/ pronoun placement
Irregular command
s
Di
Haz
Ve
Pon
Sal
Sé
Ten
Ven
Put into the tú form and drop the s
Negative tú commands/ irregulars/ pronoun placement
T• No tengas
V• No vengas
D• No des/ digas
I• (Ir)No vayas
S• No seas
H• No hagas
E• No estés
S • No sepas
Put i
nto
yo fo
rm
Change
the
vowel
er/ir
-a
and a
r- e
Add
the
s
Sequencing events
Por l
a
mañ
an
a
Por la tarde Por la
noche
Prim
ero
Entonce
s
Luego Después
Por fin
Antes
de
Después de Los lunes