Grammar and usage Unit 3 Verb-ed form. Analysis the function of v-ing and to-infinitive in the sentences. 1 ） To say is one thing, to do is another. 2.

Grammar and usage

UnitUnit

33

Verb-ed form

Analysis the function of v-ing and to-infinitive in the sentences.1 ） To say is one thing, to do is another.2 ） His wish is to become an engineer in the future.3 ） The wall needs to be repaired. 4 ） Finding work is difficult these days. 5 ） Don’t be angry with me for not having written.6 ） What disappointing news!7 ） Not having received a letter from his parents, he decieded to write again.8 ） I often hear him singing this song. 9 ） The news he told me just now is surprising!10 ） The teacher told the student not to be late again.11 ） To cathch the first bus ,we got up at 5 a.m.12 ） The building to be built next year will be the tallest in this city.

Use correct form to fill the blanks. 1 ） They went there _____________ (see) their parents last weekend. 2) Can you imagine yourself _____________ (stay) on a lonely island? 3) _____________ (collect) stamps is very interesting. 4 ） Who was the last one ________________ (leave) the classroom last night. 5) He worked hard,only _______________ (fail) at last. 6) No one can stand ___________________ (laugh) at. 7) The light in the office is still on.He forgot ___________ (turn) it off. 9) __________________ (not finish) her homework,the little girl may not go to bed. 10) Since he had not received her reply,he decided _________ (write) a second letter.

Verb-ed form

1.He is a student loved by all.本句中 loved 是一个动词的 ___________ 形式，在句子

中充当 _______ 语。它 的逻辑主语是 ___________,它们之间是 __________ 关系。

e.g. There are some fallen leaves on the ground.Other examples: 1) The boy hurt by the car was sent to

the hospital immediately. =The boy _______ _______ ______ by the car was

sent to the hospital immediately.2) An island is a small piece of land surrounded by

water. = An island is a small piece of land _______

_______ ________ by water.conclusion ：__________________________________________________________________________________

2. When will you go to the hospital and have your teeth examined?

本句中的 examined 在句子中充当 ___________ 语。其逻辑主语是 __________ , 它们之间是 ____________ 关系。

e.g. She saw the thief caught by policemen.

Other examples: 1)_________________________________ 2) ________________________________conclusion ：__________________________________________________________________________________

3.Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.这个句子中的 written in a hurry 在句子中充当 ________

语，表 _________. 其逻辑主语是 ___________ 。他们之间是 __________ 关系。

我们可以把这个句子改写成： As it was written in a hurry,this article was not so good.

e.g. 1 ） Seen from the Moon,our earth looks like a huge blue ball.

2 ） Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.

他们可以分别改写成：______ ______ ______ ______ from the moon,our

earth looks like a huge blue ball.______ ______ ______ ______ another hour,I can also

work out this problem.

3 ） Beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret. 4 ） The teacher came out,followed by a group of student.

______ ______ ______ ______ by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.以上句子中的过去分词都做 _____ 语，分别表示 _______,________, ________ ,________ 。

conclusion ：__________________________________________________________________________________

4. His parents were disappointed when they got the news.

这个句子中的 disappointed 在句子中充当 _______ 语，说明主语的 _________ 。

Other examples: 1)

___________________________________________.2)

___________________________________________.

conclusion ：__________________________________________________________________________________

Summary1. The verb-ed form can be used like an

adjective or an adverb in a sentence.

2. A verb-ed from can be used as the attributive, predicative and object complement.

3. A verb-ed can modify a verb, such as stand, sit and lie to express a state.

4. The verb-ed form can express passive meanings as well as past meanings.

Practice:a. Can you find the correct translation for the following phrases?

落叶

破杯子

令人失望的学生

你书中提到的地方

发现车偷了

流水

falling leaves fallen leaves

broken cups breaking cups

disappointed students

disappointing students

the place mentioning in your book

the place mentioned in your book

find the car stolen find the car stealing

run water running water

b. Complete the following sentences with the correct form.

1.________(found) in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the USA.2.________(see) from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.3.________(walk) along the street,he met an old friend of his.4.With all his homework _______ (finish),he went out to play basketball.5.________(stop) the boy going to play computer games,the mother locked the boy in.6.________(give) more attention,the trees could have grown better.7.All the students sat in the classroom,________(wait) for their teacher.8.When _______(complete),the museum will be open to the public next year.9.Who had such a little child _________ (pick) waste on the street?10._______(lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.

非谓语动词充当相同的句子成分时用法区别。

1. ______(Smoke) is not allowed here. ______ (smoke) so much is not good for

you.

Their job is buiding houses. Their work is to build another bridge across

the river. 结论 (1) ：非谓语动词在句子中作 _____ 语时，一

般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多用___________ ；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用 ___________ 。

2. I want _________(go) to the barber’s because my hair wants _________( cut). He began __________ (talk) about his plan for summer holiday. I like __________(read) books of this kind, but I don’t like _________(read) that book. I prefer __________(walk)to cycling,but I prefer __________(stay )at home today.结论 (2) ：非谓语动词在句子中作 ______ 语时，如果表示一般倾向，多用 __________ ；如指特定的或某次行动，则用 ___________ 更多一些。

3. I saw him __________ (go) upstairs. （动作全过程） I saw him __________(go) upstairs. （动作正在进行）------Don’t have me _________(wait) for you outside too long? ------I won’t. I just have my hair _________(cut)结论 (3) ：非谓语动词在句子中作宾补时， . 作现在分词时，表示动作正在进行发生用 __________ ，其含义相当于 __________ ；表示动作的整个过程用 __________ ；表示动作已经完成和被动意义用_____________ 。

4.The meeting _________ （ hold ） last week is very important.The meeting _________ （ hold ） now is very important.The meeting _________ （ hold ） tomorrow afternoon is very important.结论 (4) ：非谓语动词在句子中作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或表示经常性的动作 , 或现在 ( 或当时 ) 的状态时，通常都用 ____________ ；所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，或者是没有一定的时间性，只表示被动意义时，通常都用 _____________ ；表示还没有发生的或即将发生的动作，通常用 _____________ ；其总是置于被修饰的名词之 ______ 。

5.The news was ____________ (excite). He appeared _____________(satisfy)with my answer.My task this class is____________( teach )you how to grasp the grammar.结论（ 5 ）：非谓语动词在句子中作表语时，表示主语所具有的特征或属性时，通常用动词的____________ ；表示主语所处的状态或感受时，通常用动词的 ___________ 。现在分词表示“令人…的”，过去分词表示“感到…”；__________ 则表示某一次具体的行为，类似于作主语。

Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave ___________( keep )watch.19. Two years later, her father disappeared , never ____________( return).20. I’m very glad __________(have) this stamp again.21. Once __________(leave) Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium.22. __________(Be)a shy man, Einstein didn’t attend the great celebration.23. The trainer appeared, ___________(follow)by six little dog.24. __________(give) more time, I can do it better.25. __________(weigh) almost 100 jin, the stone was moved by him alone.

结论 (6): 非谓语动词作状语时，不定式表_________ ， __________ 和 _________ 。分词可以表__________,___________,__________,___________,___________ 和 ___________ ，可以用相应的状语从句来改写。比如：21. Once _____________________ Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium.22. ___________________________a shy man, Einstein didn’t attend the great celebration.24. ___________________________ more time, I can do it better.25. ___________________________ almost 100 jin, the stone was moved by him alone.结论（ 7 ） Verb-ing 作状语时，与其逻辑主语，也就是句子的主语是 ________ 关系； Verb-ed 作状语时，与其逻辑主语，也就是句子的主语是 ________ 关系。

【拓展练习】 Task Three Choose the best answers.1.______ is believing. A.To see B.To be seen. C.Seeing. D.To have seen.2. ______ on ice ______ more difficult than on the ground. A.To walk, are B.Walking, is C.Walked, is D.Walk, are3. It ______ 45 minutes _______ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to4. _______ won’t be of much help. A. Tom’s going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes5. The report was so _______ that they were all ________ . A. moving, moving B. moved, moved C. moving, moved D. moved, moving

6. He likes _______ , but he doesn’t like ________ today because it is cold. A. swimming,to swim B. to swim, swimming C. to swim, to swim D. swimming, swimming7. We mustn’t pretend _______ what we don’t know. A. knowing B. having known C. to know D. to be known8. I don’t think the book is ________. A. worth being read B. worth to be read C. worthy of reading D. worthy of being read9. Please excuse my _______ in without _______. A. come, asking B. coming, asking C. to come, being asked D. coming, being ask510. Please speak louder and more clearly. You have to make yourself ______. A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. hear11. He and his wife had learnt English, but had never heard a word of it ______. A. spoke B. speaking C. spoken D. was spoken

12. I found the little boy ______ on the ground when I came into the room. A. sit B. to sit C. seating D. seated13. Who left the door ______ and the windows ______? A. open, closed B. opening, closing C. to open, to close D. opened, closed14. In the old days the workers were made ______ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked15. He is said ______ in America when he was young. A. to work B. working C. having worked D. to have worked