GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM A Dissertation Submitted to Acropolis Institute of Technology & Research In the Partial Fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering) SESSION 2010-2011 Guided By: Submitted By: Er. Ashutosh Sharma Mr. Vaibhav Mathankar (0827EI071014) Mr. Sankalp Lal (0827EI071029) Mr. Ravi Vyas (0827EI071026) Dept of E & I Page 1
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GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
A Dissertation Submitted toAcropolis Institute of Technology & Research
In the Partial Fulfillmentof the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
SESSION 2010-2011
Guided By: Submitted By:Er. Ashutosh Sharma Mr. Vaibhav Mathankar (0827EI071014) Mr. Sankalp Lal (0827EI071029) Mr. Ravi Vyas (0827EI071026) Mr. Rahul Kansothiya (0827EI061041)
Submitted To:Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
Acropolis Institute of Technology & Research,INDORE, M.P.-452001
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GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
ACROPOLIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INDORE
Department ofElectronics & Instrumentation Engineering
RECOMMENDATION
The Project work entitled “GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM” Submitted by,
1. Mr. Vaibhav Mathankar 0827EI0710142. Mr. Sankalp Lal 0827EI0710263. Mr. Ravi Vyas 0827EI0710294. Mr. Rahul Kansothiya 0827EI061041
Is a Satisfactory account of work done during the academic session 2010 – 2011 under my Supervision and is recommended as a partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering).
Er. Ashutosh Sharma(Project Guide)
DATE:
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GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
ACROPOLIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, INDORE
Department ofElectronics and Instrumentation Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled "GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM" submitted by, Mr. Vaibhav Mathankar (0827EI071014), Mr. Sankalp Lal (0827EI071029), Mr. Ravi Vyas (0827EI071026), Mr. Rahul Kansothiya (0827EI061041) to ACROPOLIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH, Indore in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electronics And Instrumentation Engineering) is a satisfactory account of their project work and are recommended for the award of degree.
Internal Examiner External Examiner
Head of Department Principal
DATE:
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
From the bottom of our heart, we thank God for giving us the strength to complete the major project “GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM” and the report based on it. We are very thankful to our respected teacher and project guide, Mr. Ashutosh Sharma for giving us the golden opportunity to widen our knowledge and extending his kind support which encouraged us throughout the completion of the major project and its report.
We are also thankful to the HOD (Electronics & Instrumentation Dept.) and the related teachers who inspired and motivated us to take the above said project. We would also like to thank our parents, friends for providing us the most possible aid required, and full cooperation throughout the completion of the major project and the report based on it.
We hope this will be found as per the expectations of our honorable teachers, whom we respect very much and whom we look for their guidance and blessings.
Project conceived & developed by: Mr. Vaibhav Mathankar
Mr. Sankalp Lal Mr. Ravi Vyas Mr. Rahul Kansothiya
(Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT 9 INTRODUCTION 12
TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 13 HISTORY 17
LITERATURE SURVEY 20 COMPONENTS USED 21 COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION 22
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. When a voltage V is applied across the terminals of a resistor, a
current I will flow through the resistor in direct proportion to that voltage. This constant of
proportionality is called conductance, G. The reciprocal of the conductance is known as
the resistance R, since, with a given voltage V, a larger value of R further "resists" the flow of
current I as given by Ohm's law:
Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are
ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds
and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-
chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices,
and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits.
The electrical functionality of a resistor is specified by its resistance: common
commercial resistors are manufactured over a range of more than 9 orders of magnitude. When
specifying that resistance in an electronic design, the required precision of the resistance may
require attention to the manufacturing tolerance of the chosen resistor, according to its specific
application. The temperature coefficient of the resistance may also be of concern in some
precision applications. Practical resistors are also specified as having a maximum power rating
which must exceed the anticipated power dissipation of that resistor in a particular circuit: this is
mainly of concern in power electronics applications. Resistors with higher power ratings are
physically larger and may require heat sinking. In a high voltage circuit, attention must
sometimes be paid to the rated maximum working voltage of the resistor.
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The series inductance of a practical resistor causes its behavior to depart from ohms law;
this specification can be important in some high-frequency applications for smaller values of
resistance. In a low-noise amplifier or pre-amp the noise characteristics of a resistor may be an
issue. The unwanted inductance, excess noise, and temperature coefficient are mainly dependent
on the technology used in manufacturing the resistor. They are not normally specified
individually for a particular family of resistors manufactured using a particular technology. A
family of discrete resistors is also characterized according to its form factor, that is, the size of
the device and position of its leads (or terminals) which is relevant in the practical manufacturing
of circuits using them.
Fig 16: Co-axial Resistor
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Capacitor
A capacitor (formerly known as condenser) is a device for storing electric charge. The
forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two conductors separated by a
non-conductor. Capacitors used as parts of electrical systems, for example, consist of metal foils
separated by a layer of insulating film.
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated
by a dielectric (insulator). When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a
static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate
and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal
capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the
ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them.
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while
allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power
supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies and for many other
purposes.
The capacitance is greatest when there is a narrow separation between large areas of
conductor; hence capacitor conductors are often called "plates", referring to an early means of
construction. In practice the dielectric between the plates passes a small amount of leakage
current and also has an electric field strength limit, resulting in a breakdown voltage, while the
conductors and leads introduce an undesired inductance and resistance.
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Fig 17: 100mF Capacitor
Fig 18: 1000mF Capacitor
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10. SERIAL IN LINE RESISTOR
The Serial In Line Resistor networks are available in 6 pins, 8 pins and 10 pins styles in both
standard and custom circuits. They incorporate Vishay Thin Film’s patented passivated nichrome
film to give superior performance on temperature coefficient of resistance, thermal stability,
noise, voltage coefficient, power handling and resistance stability. The leads are attached to the
metalized alumina substrates by Thermo-Compression bonding. The body is molded thermo set
plastic with gold plated copper alloy leads. This product will outperform all of the requirements
Fig 19: Serial In Line Resistor
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11. DB-9 SERIAL PORT
An Asynchronous port on the computer used to connect a serial device to the computer
and capable of transmitting one bit at a time. Serial ports are typically identified on IBM
compatible computers as COM (communications) ports. For example, a mouse might be
connected to COM1 and a modem to COM2. With the introduction of USB, FireWire, and other
faster solutions serial ports are rarely used when compared to how often they've been used in the
past. DB 9 and DB 25 Are most common Serial port used for Communication.
Fig 20: DB 9 Male Receptable
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BLOCK DESCRIPTION
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BLOCK DESCRIPTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
System Block Diagram of moving Vehicle
Fig 15: Block Diagram
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Microcontroller
AT89C51
GPS
Rx
RF
Tx
Power supply
L
C
D
GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
System Block Diagram of Static Monitoring Point
Fig 16: Block Diagram
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RF
Rx
Logic
Converter P C
GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
A network of satellite that continuously transmit coded information, which makes it
possible to precisely identify locations on earth by measuring distance from satellites.
By having received the almanac and ephemeris data, the GPS receiver knows the
position (location) of the satellites at all times
The device consists of microcontroller interfaced with a GPS and a RF Module. The
GPS module receives the information of the vehicle and passes it to the controller.
The controller extracts the required information and makes a packet outfit that
consists of geographical data and other information
This packet is passed to the RF Transmitter that is configured for point to point
service. Te remote receiver consists of a RF Receiver interfaced with PC.A software
will display the current position of the vehicle on the screen window or on the map.
The Block Diagram of GPS based Vehicle Positioning System (VPS) is analysed
fully on this basis.
Also the LCD Hardware is interfaced to the microcontroller which shows the same
data so that the person driving the vehicle can also get his exact position on Earth
along with the person monitoring him at the static station.
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Fig 17: Circuit Schematic Diagram
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DESCRIPTION
The project is vehicle positioning and navigation system we can locate the vehicle around
the globe with 8052 micro controller, GPS receiver, RF module, MAX 232, EEPROM.
Microcontroller used is AT89S52. The code is written in the internal memory of Microcontroller
i.e. ROM. With help of instruction set it processes the instructions and it acts as interface
between RF and GPS with help of serial communication of 8052. GPS always transmits the data
and GSM transmits and receive the data.
GPS pin TX is connected to microcontroller via MAX232. RF pins TX and RX are
connected to microcontroller serial ports.
Microcontroller communicates with the help of serial communication. First it takes the
data from the GPS receiver and then sends the information to the owner in the form of numerical
values with help of RF modem.
GPS receiver works on 9600 baud rate is used to receive the data from space Segment
(from Satellites), the GPS values of different Satellites are sent to microcontroller AT89S52,
where these are processed and forwarded to RF Modem. At the time of processing GPS receives
only $GPRMC values only. From these values microcontroller takes only latitude and longitude
values excluding time, altitude, name of the satellite, authentication etc. E.g. LAT: 1728:2470
LOG: 7843.3089. RF modem with a baud rate 9600. EEPROM is an Electrically Erasable read
only memory which stores is used to store the mobile number.
The power is supplied to components like RF, GPS and Micro control circuitry using a
12V/3.2A battery. RF requires 5v, GPS and microcontroller requires 5v .with the help of
regulators we regulate the power between three components.
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P C B LAYOUT
Fig 18: Circuit Board Diagram
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GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
WORKING
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WORKING
Of all the applications of GPS, Vehicle tracking and navigational systems have brought
this technology to the day-to-day life of the common man. Today GPS fitted cars, ambulances,
fleets and police vehicles are common sights on the roads of developed countries. Known by
many names such as Automatic Vehicle Locating System (AVLS), Vehicle Tracking and
Information System (VTIS), Mobile Asset Management System (MAMS), these systems offer an
effective tool for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of the vehicles. GPS is
used in the vehicles for both tracking and navigation. Tracking systems enable a base station to
keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver whereas navigation system helps
the driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the
architecture is more or less similar. The navigation system will have convenient, usually a
graphic display for the driver which is not needed for the tracking system. Vehicle tracking
systems combine a number of well-developed technologies.
To design the VMSS system, we combined the GPS’s ability to pin-point location along
with the ability of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to communicate with a
control center in a wireless fashion. The system includes GPS-GSM modules and a base station
called the control center.
Let us briefly explain how VMSS works. In order to monitor the vehicle, it is equipped with a
GPS-GSM VMSS system. It receives GPS signals from satellites, computes the location
information, and then sends it to the control center. With the vehicle location information, the
control center displays all of the vehicle positions on an electronic map in order to easily monitor
and control their routes. Besides tracking control, the control center can also maintain wireless
communication with the GPS units to provide other services such as alarms, status control, and
system updates.
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SOFTWARE CODING
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SOFTWARE CODING
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FLOW CHART
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FLOW CHART
Fig 19: Flow chart of the System
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RESULT AND CONCLUSION
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RESULT AND CONCLUSION
A properly designed Vehicle Monitoring System saves time and work by eliminating the
need for service personnel to visit each site for inspection, data collection/logging or make
adjustments.
Here we are using simplex transmission and not duplex transmission. So data can only be
sent from remote end to the central end.
We can also send the data regarding the speed, altitude, fuel level or any other quantity,
to the industry end, from remote places at any time.
The following advantages have been found:
The circuit is quite simple.
The technique is suitable for long distances and large geographical area.
Remote monitoring systems are designed to allow a smaller number of
operators to monitor a large number of individual assets.
It is cheaper.
Works anywhere on earth and on any time.
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FUTURE SCOPE
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FUTURE SCOPE
Many issues surround the future of Global Positioning System technology and
operability. The most certain aspect of the future of GPS is its increased usage and its expansion
into new areas of application. Bradford Parkinson, from the University of Minnesota Center for
Transportation Studies, predicts that by 2010 there will be more than 50 million GPS users that
perform applications relating to the following fields:
automobiles
ships
farm vehicles
Aircraft
military systems
Technology
Additional advances in GPS technology will also include increased positional accuracy
and more reliable calculations. The addition of civilian codes and civilian frequencies will be
developed to solely meet the needs of civilian users with little to no military application. (Marine
Computer Systems)
GPS Satellite System Interoperability
With the advent of the European GALILEO system, GPS developers and users have
increasingly pondered the benefits of interoperating the NAVSTAR and GALILEO systems. The
possible benefits include:
more available signals that will allow GPS users to access more satellites from
remote areas
additional signal power and spectrum diversity will lessen the impact of
expected signal noise and interference
improved signal redundancy
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Drawbacks
Some potential drawbacks, costs and challenges that will be incurred with interoperability
include:
increased equipment cost to the user to be able to access both systems
additional noise and interference environment
setting satellite orbits to ensure that interoperability actually benefits the user
Advantages
There are many advantages of having a GPS system:
A GPS system comes with a “panic” button. When this button is pressed an
operator at the GPS carrier can listen in on the conversation and either help
you out or alert the authorities. This will keep you safe in case of accidents or
hi jacks.
Your car will never lose your car at any place. The GPS service will track the
car for you and send its lights flashing.
If your vehicle is ever stolen the GPS system will track the vehicle and the
authorities will be able to get it back in no time.
A GPS system in a car, boat, plane or haversack will ensure that you are
never lost.
A GPS system streamlines supply chains and truck movements. The system
cans their destination. Track goods at any point of time and accurately predict
when goods will reach
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GPS systems are used to detect structural problems in buildings and roads
and to predict disasters like earthquakes and so on. The
scientific applications of a GPS system are many.
A GPS system can be used to locate a lost child, pet or family. The device is
quite small and is like a watch or button on a collar.
A GPS is a great exercise monitor and will help you keep track of your speed.
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COST ANALYSIS
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COST ANALYSIS
TABLE 2
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S.No Name of component Quantity Prize
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
LCD
Microcontroller 8051
GPS Receiver
RF Module
Battery
4 dc gear motor
4 Wheel Chassis
Max 232
Remote N-switch
Capacitor
Register
Rectifier
Crystal oscillator
PCB
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
120
80
4500
3000
200
280
200
80
30
2
1
15
40
70
TOTAL 20 8618
GPS BASED VEHICLE MONITORING SYSTEM
APPENDIX
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APPENDIX
A. GPS Receiver with Active Antenna
Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites broadcast signals from space that GPS receivers, use to provide three-dimensional location (latitude, longitude, and altitude) plus precise time.
GPS receivers provides reliable positioning, navigation, and timing services to worldwide users on a continuous basis in all weather, day and night, anywhere on or near the Earth.
Sunrom’s ultra-sensitive GPS receiver can acquire GPS signals from 65 channels of satellites and output position data with high accuracy in extremely challenging environments and under poor signal conditions due to its active antenna and high sensitivity. The GPS receiver’s -160dBm tracking sensitivity allows continuous position coverage in nearly all application environments.
The output is serial data of 9600 baud rate which is standard NMEA 0183 v3.0 protocol offering industry standard data messages and a command set for easy interface to mapping software and embedded devices.
Details
This GSM modem is a highly flexible plug and play quad band GSM modem for direct and easy integration to RS232. Supports features like Voice, Data/Fax, SMS,GPRS and integrated TCP/IP stack.
GSM/GPRS wireless data modem is the ready solution for remote wireless applications, machine to machine or user to machine and remote data communications.
Features High sensitivity-160dBm Searching up to 65 channel of satellites LED indicating data output Low power consumption GPS L1 C/A code Supports NMEA0183 v 3.01 data protocol Real time navigation for location based services.
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Applications
Sensor networks/ data collection
Wireless metering
Access control/ identify discrimination
IT home appliances
Smart house products/ security systems.
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B. RF MODEM,2.4GHZ,40METERS RANGE
RF data modem working at 2.4 Ghz frequency in half duplex mode with automatic switching of receive/transmit mode with LED indication. Receives and Transmits serial data of adjustable baud rate of 9600/4800/38400/19200 bps at 5V or 3V level for direct interfacing to microcontrollers. This model can work with other 2.4 Ghz Sunrom models 1197(30 meters range).
RF modem can be used for applications that need two way wireless data transmission. It features high data rate and longer transmission distance. The communication protocol is self controlled and completely transparent to user interface. The module can be embedded to your current design so that wireless communication can be set up easily.
Features
Automatic switching between TX and RX mode. FSK technology, half duplex mode, robust to interference 2.4 GHz band, no need to apply frequency usage license Protocol translation is self controlled easy to use High sensitivity ,reliable transmission range Standard UART interface,TTL(3-5)logic level.
Applications
Sensor networks/data collections Wireless metering Access control/identify discrimination IT home appliance Smart house products/security systems Remote control/remote measurement system Weather stations.