gp 9 forest_resources.ppt

FOREST RESOURCESFOREST RESOURCES

ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS: ISLANDS: a case studya case study

CONDITION THAT PREVAILED BEFORECONDITION THAT PREVAILED BEFORE:: One of the finest tropical evergreen One of the finest tropical evergreen

forestsforests Rich biodiversityRich biodiversity Low population, tribals living in Low population, tribals living in

harmony with nature. harmony with nature.

CONDITION THAT EXISTS NOW: CONDITION THAT EXISTS NOW: Forest degradation due to legal and Forest degradation due to legal and

illegal logging.illegal logging. Degradation of soil, soil erosion.Degradation of soil, soil erosion. Heavy flow of sediments into coastal Heavy flow of sediments into coastal

waters killing substantial amount of waters killing substantial amount of corals.corals.

Threat to the biodiversity (saltwater Threat to the biodiversity (saltwater crocodile and Andaman wild pig have crocodile and Andaman wild pig have become endangered species).become endangered species).

Threat to tribes.Threat to tribes. Population pressure is high.Population pressure is high.

CAUSESCAUSES::

Extraction of timber : from 1883.Extraction of timber : from 1883. Govt. supported migration of people Govt. supported migration of people

from other parts of the country.from other parts of the country. The 340-km long Andanman trunk The 340-km long Andanman trunk

road.road. Increased interference of man.Increased interference of man.

FOREST AREA COVERFOREST AREA COVERClassClass Area in sq.km.Area in sq.km. Percentage of Percentage of

Geographic areaGeographic area

DENSE FORESTDENSE FOREST 377358377358 11.4811.48

OPEN FORESTOPEN FOREST 255064255064 7.76 7.76 

MANGROVESMANGROVES 4,8714,871 0.150.15

SCRUB SCRUB 51,89651,896 1.581.58

NON FORESTNON FOREST 2,598,0742,598,074 79.0379.03

TOTAL TOTAL 3,287,2633,287,263 100.00100.00

SOURCE : FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, 1999

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Our focus will be on :Our focus will be on :

Present scenarioPresent scenario Threats posed due to human Threats posed due to human

activitiesactivities The resourcesThe resources Forest conservation and sustainable Forest conservation and sustainable

resource use.resource use. Community participationCommunity participation

STATE OF WORLDS FORESTSSTATE OF WORLDS FORESTS The total forest area of the world amounts to 3.6 The total forest area of the world amounts to 3.6

billion hectares in 1999 , down from 6 billion billion hectares in 1999 , down from 6 billion hectares 8000 years agohectares 8000 years ago

56 countries have lost between 90 and 100% of 56 countries have lost between 90 and 100% of their forests.their forests.

15 million hectares of forest were lost annually 15 million hectares of forest were lost annually in the last two decades,largely in the tropics.in the last two decades,largely in the tropics.

12.5% of plants and 75% of animal species are 12.5% of plants and 75% of animal species are threatened by decline of foreststhreatened by decline of forests

In the developing countries alone, some US$ 45 In the developing countries alone, some US$ 45 billion is lost through poor forest management.billion is lost through poor forest management.

About 14 million hectares of forestland are lost About 14 million hectares of forestland are lost annually, due to conversion of forests into annually, due to conversion of forests into cropland.cropland.

Source: WCFSD report ,1999

Plant species under threatPlant species under threat

Threat Category (IUCN ) Number of Threat Category (IUCN ) Number of speciesspecies

Extinct 19Extinct 19 Extinct/Endangered 43Extinct/Endangered 43 Endangered 149Endangered 149 Endangered/Vulnerable 2Endangered/Vulnerable 2 Vulnerable 108Vulnerable 108 Rare 256Rare 256 Indeterminate 719Indeterminate 719 Insufficiently Known 9Insufficiently Known 9 No information 1441No information 1441 Not threatened 374Not threatened 374

TOTAL 3120TOTAL 3120

IUCN – RED LIST OF ENDENGERED SPECIES 2000

Animal species under threatAnimal species under threat

IUCN – RED LIST OF ENDENGERED SPECIES 2000

Medicinal plant(endangered)Medicinal plant(endangered) For the next 5 years following seven plants For the next 5 years following seven plants

require concentrated attention:require concentrated attention:

Aloe vera (Ghrita Kumari)Aloe vera (Ghrita Kumari) Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi)Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) Centella asiatica (Mandookparni, Gotu Kola)Centella asiatica (Mandookparni, Gotu Kola) Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha)Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle)Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle) Taxus baccata / Taxus wallichiana (Himalayan Taxus baccata / Taxus wallichiana (Himalayan

Yew)Yew) Artemisia annuaArtemisia annua

INITIATIVES ON THE PART OF INDEPENDENT COMISSION

To get a political as well as technical approach for the solutions in forest degradation a group of 30 former heads of government and state, was established by the name of world commision on forestes and sustainable development (WCFSD). The independent commisions objectives were to:

• Increasing awareness about preserving the natural environment and contributing to economic development.

• Broadening the consensus on the data ,science and policy aspects of forest conservation and management.

• Building confidence between north and south on the forest matters, with emphasis on international cooperation.

the commission held public hearings in Asia,Africa,Euriope,Latin America and the Caribbean and North America and dealt with forest dwellings, local communities, farmers, industry executives etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS AND CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS AND ITS EXPLOITATIONITS EXPLOITATION

Three main categories of forests i.e.old growth, Three main categories of forests i.e.old growth, secondary growth and plantations.secondary growth and plantations.

Old growth or frontier forests are uncut forests Old growth or frontier forests are uncut forests that have not been seriously disturbed by that have not been seriously disturbed by human activities or natural disasters for several human activities or natural disasters for several years.years.

Secondary growth forests are formed due to Secondary growth forests are formed due to result of secondary ecological succession that result of secondary ecological succession that has taken place due to clearance by human has taken place due to clearance by human activities or natural disasters and then left activities or natural disasters and then left undisturbed.undisturbed.

Plantations consists of commercially valuable Plantations consists of commercially valuable trees which are managed forests created by trees which are managed forests created by clearing old-growth or second-growth forests. clearing old-growth or second-growth forests. These are a source of industrial wood.These are a source of industrial wood.

PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PROVIDED BY FORESTSPROVIDED BY FORESTS

INDUSTRIAL WOOD AND FUELWOODINDUSTRIAL WOOD AND FUELWOOD

NON-WOOD PRODUCTSNON-WOOD PRODUCTS

ECOSYSTEM SERVICESECOSYSTEM SERVICES

OTHER CONTRIBUTIONSOTHER CONTRIBUTIONS

Wood and non wood productsWood and non wood products

TimberTimber Tendu leavesTendu leaves BambooBamboo Sal seedSal seed HoneyHoney Medicinal plantsMedicinal plants RubberRubber Pickle Pickle BiodieselBiodiesel Ply woodPly wood

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Ways of destruction of forestsWays of destruction of forestsNaturalNatural

Forest fireForest fire Climatic changeClimatic change

Human madeHuman made

Commercial Commercial logginglogging

Commercial Commercial harvestingharvesting

ConstructionConstruction Intentional fireIntentional fire MiningMining

Impact of deforestationImpact of deforestation Erosion of topsoilErosion of topsoil FloodsFloods Extinction of plants and animalsExtinction of plants and animals Local climatic changeLocal climatic change Global warmingGlobal warming Loss of livelihood of local Loss of livelihood of local

communitiescommunities

SUSTAINABLE FO REST SUSTAINABLE FO REST MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

FOREST CONSERVATIONFOREST CONSERVATION

Foresters and local people are working Foresters and local people are working together to conserve forests.together to conserve forests.

Extractive Reserves-Protected forest in Extractive Reserves-Protected forest in whichlocal people are allowed to harvest whichlocal people are allowed to harvest products like fruits, fibre , medicine etc.products like fruits, fibre , medicine etc.

Main objective is to improve the life of the Main objective is to improve the life of the people while conserving biodiversity.people while conserving biodiversity.

Communities involved in Forest Communities involved in Forest ConservationConservation

Joint Forest ManagementJoint Forest Management

Concept introduced in 1980’s.Concept introduced in 1980’s. In JFM local communities are involved in In JFM local communities are involved in

planinng the conservation programme. ` planinng the conservation programme. ` `eg.-The Tamilnadu Afforestation Project(TAP) `eg.-The Tamilnadu Afforestation Project(TAP)

SOCIAL FORESTRYSOCIAL FORESTRY Used in India in 1976.Used in India in 1976. Plantation of eucalyptus treePlantation of eucalyptus tree

Efficient use of woodEfficient use of wood

Paper made from natural fibres and Paper made from natural fibres and agricultural residues.agricultural residues.

China plans to make 60 % of its China plans to make 60 % of its paper from tree free pulp.paper from tree free pulp.

In India Navneet publications use eco In India Navneet publications use eco friendly papers to make copybooks.friendly papers to make copybooks.

Some notable examples in the field Some notable examples in the field of forest conservationof forest conservation

CHIPKO MOVEMENT –Gaura DeviCHIPKO MOVEMENT –Gaura Devi The Green Belt Movement— Wangari The Green Belt Movement— Wangari

MaathaiMaathai Struggle in Amazonia—Chico MendesStruggle in Amazonia—Chico Mendes Red wood trees California—Julia Red wood trees California—Julia

Butterfly Butterfly

VASUNDHARAVASUNDHARAVasundhara is a non-governmental organisation,working Vasundhara is a non-governmental organisation,working

primarily in Orissa with natural resources management primarily in Orissa with natural resources management focused on sustainable rural livelihoods.focused on sustainable rural livelihoods.

Trying to improve community-state collaboration.Trying to improve community-state collaboration. Facilitates policy changes in the direction of sustainable Facilitates policy changes in the direction of sustainable

communitycommunity based forest management systems.based forest management systems.

Main area of work deals with policy advocacy, research and Main area of work deals with policy advocacy, research and documentation, capacity building and networking.documentation, capacity building and networking.

Instrumental in initiating coordinated action and response Instrumental in initiating coordinated action and response from the civil society on forestry issues.from the civil society on forestry issues.

SOURCE:WWW.ENVINDIA.COMSOURCE:WWW.ENVINDIA.COM

ACTIONSACTIONS RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION-focused on supporting RESEARCH AND DOCUMENTATION-focused on supporting

efforts to improve access and control of “eco-system efforts to improve access and control of “eco-system people”,people who depend upon their immediate people”,people who depend upon their immediate ecosystem for sustenance on their natural resources, ecosystem for sustenance on their natural resources, forestry-agriculture etc.forestry-agriculture etc.

NETWORKING AND ALLIANCE BUILDING - especially for NETWORKING AND ALLIANCE BUILDING - especially for creating a pressure group for policy changes for creating a pressure group for policy changes for devolution of power to local communities for resource devolution of power to local communities for resource management.management.

CAPACITY BUILDING EFFORTS-for village institutions CAPACITY BUILDING EFFORTS-for village institutions especially in two field locations which include information especially in two field locations which include information generation, networking, alliance building, training generation, networking, alliance building, training workshops and meetings etc. workshops and meetings etc.

Recommendations for conservation Recommendations for conservation of forestsof forests

Stop destructions of forestStop destructions of forest Use of sustainaible forest Use of sustainaible forest

management approachmanagement approach Research and training programme.Research and training programme. Proper planning for the whole Proper planning for the whole

landscape and not the forest in landscape and not the forest in isolationisolation

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

GROUP 9:GROUP 9: ANANDA SAHA ( 9)ANANDA SAHA ( 9) SUBHODIP GANGULI (53)SUBHODIP GANGULI (53) VIJAYESH KR. PANDEY (57)VIJAYESH KR. PANDEY (57) VIKAS CHATURVEDI (59)VIKAS CHATURVEDI (59)