Good Note-Taking and Note-Making Skills · Good Note-Taking and Note-Making Skills: A Few Ideas I don=t Agive notes@ in Geography 621. I provide a list of guiding questions for each

Geography 621: Chapter Questions Page 1

Good Note-Taking and Note-Making Skills: A Few Ideas

I don=t Agive notes@ in Geography 621. I provide a list of guiding questions for each chapter, and it’s YOUR responsibility to create a set of notes framed around those questions. So how do you do this? It=s a good opportunity to pick up a few skills now ... if you expect that instructors at a future place and time are just going to give you notes to copy, forget it!

Here are some things to keep in mind: 1. Put all notes on the same type of paper, and store them in the same place (like a three-ring binder).

Scattered all over the bottom of your satchel or among other subjects in different binders is asking for trouble, especially since I’ll be checking them periodically! Also, pencil lead smudges—try to use ink.

2. Number the pages AND write the date on each page. That way, if your binder bursts open and all

the pages fall out, you won=t spend hours putting them in order again. 3. Leave yourself lots of space on each page. If you want to add something later on (such as when

we’re discussing in class the next day), you can do it easily and neatly. At the very least, leave a wide margin on the right side for later additions (see diagram below). If you prefer to type your notes, leave yourself space to write in things you missed later on.

4. Keep notes short. DO NOT recopy the book!! Use bullets or lists where

you can. Make questions into headings for your notes to help keep them organized. You can always add stuff later on if you need to.

5. Use abbreviations to help you save time. For example:

ppl for Apeople@ b/c for Abecause@ w/o for Awithout@ e.g. for Afor example@

These are just a few ... be creative!

6. Use your own words. If you read through some of the book before you

start answering questions, you’ll be more comfortable with using your own words, and you’ll be much more likely to remember the material, too. Don=t just hunt for the answers ... read!!

7. Highlight new words/vocabulary with a different colour, or underline them so they stand out.

Sometimes, using index cards for new vocabulary (word on one side, definition on the other) can help you with new terms. Shuffle them, read the definition, then try to guess the term!


8. AThink outside the box.@ Sometimes a diagram or a picture is better than words. Maybe a chart works best. Don=t be afraid to move away from sentences and paragraphs sometimes. I’ll show you a few things as we go through the course: concept mapping, webs, flow charts, etc.

9. Make connections. If you can relate what you’re reading to your own life and experience, or to

things with which you’re familiar, you’ll be far more likely to remember it without having to memorize.

10. Go back over your notes later and add whatever you need to. Writing notes isn’t meant to be a

Aone-time@ exerciseBthey should develop with time as you go, and each time through you should be able to add more to them. Nothing stays the same; your notes shouldn’t, either.

11. One quick tip on reading the textbook: Don=t sit in a comfy chair if you tend to zone out or (heaven

forbid!!) fall asleep when you read. Straight back, hard seat! If you do tend to fall asleep, try reading the book out loud to yourself as you pace back and forth across the room.

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Guidelines for Completing Chapter Questions

• These questions and answers will serve as YOUR NOTES for the course, and so it is in your best

interest to be sure they are completed accurately, completely, and on time. • Questions are assigned (usually) one or two chapters at a time; completing a few questions every

night will keep you up-to-date and is a good habit to get into anyway. We’ll go over the answers in class as we discuss each chapter and use them to start our discussions.

• It is not necessary to copy down the questions, but phrase your answers so that they contain the

question asked. For example, if the question is “Define the First, Second, and Third World, and give two countries from each group,” then write your answer in the form of a chart:

World Characteristics Countries

First Developed, democratic, ... Canada, US

What’s the point? Simple ... being able to read and to use a textbook efficiently is a valuable skill that you’ll need if you’re going on with your studies, and I’m hoping the questions will help. Not every university or college instructor is going to give you a complete set of notes, all ready to use ... and neither will I.

NOTE: Any discussion in class arising from these questions is ALWAYS “fair ball”

for a test – that’s why attendance and attentiveness is crucial!! As well, any videos we

watch are also test material—and I can’t always provide links to these on the blog.

It’s best to make sure you’re present for class if at all possible!!


Geography 621 Textbook Chapter Questions

Chapter 1: Canadian and World Issues Introduction/What is Perspective? [Pages 3-4]

1 . Use the glossary to define perspective. Then, list and define two factors that influence your own

perspective.

2 . Define the term ethnocentrism (near the very end of Page 3).

3 . Read through Page 4, which covers different social and economic perspectives. We’ll talk about this in class, but what is the difference b/w libertarian and authoritarian perspectives?

What is an Issue? [Page 5]

[We will complete the “Focus on Issues” Activity here; the expectation at the end is that you will be able to define the term issue. Also, don’t worry about Figure 1-4.]

Validating Information From a Source & Media [Pages 8-9]

[This is pretty basic stuff – just read through. We’ll cover this as part of the major project.]

Distinguishing Opinions from Facts [Pages 11-14]

4 . What is the difference between an opinion and a fact? Give an example of each, and use the terms

subjective and objective as part of your response. [Facts change with time and vary with location; we’ll give examples of this in class, including with DDT.]

How May Bias be Detected? [Page 15]

5 . What is bias? Why should personal web sites be carefully examined for bias?

Which Solutions Would You Fund First? [Pages 16-19]

6 . To prepare for an activity we’ll do in class, what was the Copenhagen Consensus?

Note Key Terms box on Page 2 ... pay attention to these in each chapter.

Great for reviewing terms before a test!!


Chapter 2: Two Themes for World Issues

Globalization: Example of Dubai [Pages 22-25]

1. Using the glossary, define the term globalization.

2. Dubai is one of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). What is an emirate, and how is the UAE different

from all its neighbours?

3. Reading through Pages 23-25, describe two or three ways that Dubai used globalization to its advantage and made itself a success.

4. Not all reaction to this globalization in Dubai has been positive. Explain.

The Nature of Globalization [Pages 25-28]

5. There are eight different types of globalization. Using Pages 26-28, list the eight types and give an

example of each one. [Perhaps a table or chart would be best here.]

Concerns About Globalization [Page 30]

6. In your opinion, what are some of the advantages and disadvantages to globalization?

Sustainability in Dubai [Pages 31-32]

7. Define the term sustainability. Then, give a couple of facts that illustrate Dubai is not practicing sustainability all that well.

A Historical Perspective on Sustainability [Pages 33-34]

8. This section covers three different perspectives about sustainability. [Maybe a chart would work …] a. What was the expansionist world view 200-300 years ago? Why wasn’t it sustainable? b. How was the ecological world view, which developed after this, different? c. What is environmentalism, and why did it really gain strength after WWII?

Different Views of our World [Page 35]

9. In a couple of lines each, list and describe the four different conceptual models or “views” of Earth

outlined in this section. [Again, I’d recommend a chart here.]

Resources and Resource Use [Page 36]

10. What is a resource? What is the difference b/w renewable and non-renewable resources? Give a few examples of each type.

Need for Sustainable Development [Page 37] [Don’t worry about this ... just read through, and we’ll discuss it a bit in class. Omit Middleton’s model too.]

We’ll watch the documentary Addicted to Plastic in this chapter, and you’ll have some work to do based on it when the time is right ...


Chapter 3: Different Ways of Looking at the World

Grouping Countries [Pages 41-46]

1 . We’ll look at some old and new ways that we group countries. One newer method uses three major criteria to group countries; define each of these in a short sentence. [Don’t worry about Figure 3-1, Page 42 ... read over only.]

2 . Copy Figure 3-9, Page 46, into your notes. Underneath the chart: a. List a few characteristics of more globalized core countries and list a few examples. b. List a few characteristics of less globalized periphery nations, and list a few examples. c. Why is the More Globalized Core divided into the Old Core and the New Core? d. Why is the Less Globalized Periphery divided into the Near Core and Far Periphery?

[You should examine Figure 3-15, on Page 49. Also, omit grouping exercise on Pages 47-49.]

Other Ways to Group Countries [Pages 50-52]

3 . What is the difference b/w developed and underdeveloped (or developing) countries?

4 . Why are the North and South groupings for countries misleading? What new labels are now used instead? [Note that South Africa is both ‘North’ and ‘South’ … any ideas why?]

5 . In a line or two each, briefly define the First World, Second World, and Third World, and give an

example or two of each. [Simply read over rest of chapter ... we’ll talk about in class, but not responsible for on a test.]

Chapter 4: Demography

Introduction: World Population Graphing Exercise [Page 57 ... we’ll do in class] Trends in Population [Pages 58-61]

1. What is demography?

2. Page 60, bottom left: Right now, the world is heading in two “opposite” directions with respect to population change. What are they, and in which group does Canada and the Old Core fall?

Technological Change and Population Growth [Pages 60-62]

3. Stage 1: Hunters/Gatherers [to ca. 8000 BCE … BCE means “before the Common Era”] Two important facts about the lives of hunters and gatherers meant that overall populations stayed quite low. What were they?


4. Stage 2: Agricultural Revolution [ca. 8000 BCE - 1700 CE; CE means “of the Common Era”]

What was the Agricultural Revolution? What major changes in population and in society were brought about by agriculture? [See Figure 4-6, Page 62.]

5. Stage 3: Industrial Revolution [ca. 1750 CE]

What was the Industrial Revolution? What were its effects on agriculture?

Measuring Demographics [Pages 63-66]

6. What is the difference b/w absolute and relative measures of demographics? Which is more useful? Why?

A Primer of Demographic Terms [Pages 64-66]

7. Write short definitions of each demographic in this section; include an example to help explain each one. Perhaps use “equations” instead. The first two are done as examples for you.

Birth rate = (# births ÷ total pop.) × 1000 Death rate = (# deaths ÷ total pop.) × 1000 Dependency load Life expectancy Fertility rate

Emigration rate Natural increase rate Replacement rate Immigration rate Net migration rate Rule of 70 Infant mortality rate Population growth rate

8. What is a population pyramid?

Chapter 5: Population Theories

The Theory of Demographic Transition [Pages 70-77 ... You will receive notes for this section.] Differing Ideas About Population Growth [Pages 79-80]

1. Optimistic Views Who are cornucopians, and why are they so optimistic about population growth? What is D. J. Bogue’s theory of demographic regulation?

2. Pessimistic Views Who was Thomas Malthus, and what did he believe about population growth? How is William Catton a neo-Malthusian?

Population Projections [Page 80]

3. What does the UN predict for global population in 2050? Why are there four different predictions?


Chapter 6: Population Explosion and Control The Population Explosion [Pages 85-86]

1. Near Core and Far Periphery countries may fall into a demographic trap. What is meant by this? Use the word overpopulation in your answer.

[Look over the feedback loop on Pages 86-87, but don’t need to know this.]

Population Control [Pages 86-92]

2. Of India or China, which country will have the larger population in 2050, and why?

3. What is meant by population control?

4. India’s Approach to Population Control [You do NOT need to know specific dates/details ... read over Figure 6-7, Page 89, but you don’t need to know it.]

a. Although in place since the 1950s, India’s population control plans haven’t been successful until recently. What were some of the reasons for the failure?

b. Why, in traditional Indian society, were male children preferred to female children? c. What has this preference caused in the society today?

5. China’s Approach to Population Control [Again, no need to know specific details/dates ... but read

through chart on Page 91.] a. What was the Great Leap Forward, and why was it such a failure? b. The one-child policy began in 1979. What were some of the results of this policy?

6. Case Study: Kerala [Pages 92-93] This Indian state has had success with slowing population growth.

What were their “keys to success”? The Future of Population Control [Pages 95-97 We’ll discuss the Cairo ICPD in class; don’t worry about this.]

At this point, we’ll watch World in the Balance: The Population Paradox as part of an assignment. Please answer these questions while/after you watch the video. [Leave ~ a page in your notes for these.] • There is a link b/w culture and population control in India and Japan, despite heading in “opposite

directions” re: population. Give some examples to show this for each country. • Two of the “keys” to population growth are education and status of women. Explain what this

statement means, using examples from the video.

• Some sub-Saharan nations are in population decline, but for a terrible reason. State the reason, then sketch the population pyramid of a nation hard-hit by this illness.

We’ll watch other video clips to help with the assignment; you’ll be told what to note in class.


Chapter 7: Population Futures

Different Assumptions - Different Futures [Pages 101-102]

1. What three factors must be taken into account when making population predictions? [Don’t worry about the variants on the top of Page 102.]

Population Futures in Old Core/Eastern Europe [Pages 102-104]

2. What is the birth dearth, and where is it already being felt?

Implications of the “Birth Dearth” [Pages 104-108]

3. Five major implications of the birth dearth are described. Write these in your notes, and give a couple of problems we might face due to each. [Just one or two “big” ones for each ... keep this short!!]

Why is the Birth Dearth Happening? [Page 109]

4. List three or four ways in which the status of women is linked to the birth dearth. Can We Prevent Population Implosion? [Pages 109-110]

5. What does it mean to be pronatalist? What is Canada doing in this area?

6. Is immigration a permanent solution to this problem? Why or why not?

Chapter 8: Population Migration Nature of Migration [Pages 115-116]

1. What are some examples of push factors and pull factors that make people migrate?

[Be sure to know the difference b/w immigrants and emigrants ... already covered.]

2. From Figure 8-3, Page 115: Which continents have the highest net migration? The lowest net migration? Based on prior knowledge, can you explain why?

Is Migration Voluntary or Involuntary? [Page 116]

3. There are two different types of involuntary migration. Describe each one and give a couple of examples (they don’t necessarily have to be from the book).

Is Migration Permanent or Temporary? [Page 117]

4. Which is more common now, and why? What are guest workers?


Is it Legal or Illegal? [Page 118]

5. What is legal migration? List the five legal ways that immigrants may enter Canada (see Figure 8-7, Page 118). [We’ll watch a video here that will also provide some useful information.]

Is it International or Internal? [Page 119]

6. What is meant by internal migration, and what are the two types?

7. What important world migration milestone was reached in 2007? An Overview of Important Migration Issues [Page 119-125]

8. What are the brain gain and brain drain that happen as a result of migration?

9. What is a remittance? Why are they vital to countries that receive this money?

10. Who are “snakeheads”? How do they profit from illegal smuggling that they operate?

11. Core countries will need replacement migration in the future. Explain this statement.

12. What is the difference between a refugee and an internally displaced person (IDP)?

Chapter 9: Rural to Urban Migration [Urbanization] Global Patters of Urbanization [Pages 129-133]

1. What is urbanization? Where did it first begin and why?

2. List a few of the common urbanization “push/pull factors” from Figure 9-1, Page 129.

3. Examine Figure 9-4, Page 132. What regions of the world will experience the greatest growth in urban population between now and the year 2030?

4. Examine Figure 9-6, Page 132. What does this graph tell us about where most of the world’s larger

cities will be located in the future?

5. What is a mega-city? From Figure 9-8, Page 133: What is now the world’s largest official city? Urban Changes Worldwide [Pages 134-135]

6. Many cities outside the Old Core suffer from overurbanization and can’t build infrastructure fast

enough to keep up. Define these two terms.

7. What is a squatter settlement?


Urban Problems in Old Core Countries [Pages 136-138]

8. List a few social and environmental problems that exist in Old Core cities. [Pretty basic stuff … but leave room for the urban heat island effect.]

Urban Problems in New/Near Core and Far Periphery Countries [Pages 138-142]

9. Many new migrants to these cities end up working in the “informal sector.” Explain.

10. Why is it so difficult for new migrants to break out of the poverty cycle that they often find themselves in?

11. Describe what a typical squatter settlement looks like.

Urban Future–Is There a Better Way? [Pages 142-143]

12. The experience of Bogotá, Colombia would suggest that there are solutions to some of these massive urban problems. Describe the six things the city did, using the term hedonics as part of your answer.

****************************************************************************************** There will be several videos for this chapter which we will watch in class. These will be important for your assignment based on urbanization … more details when you get your assignment.

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Chapter 10: Food & Agricultural Issues The Nature of Hunger: A Vocabulary [Pages 147-149]

1. Write a short definition for each term: famine, starvation, and malnutrition.

2. What’s chronic hunger? List a few of the common effects of chronic hunger.

3. Using Figure 10-2, Page 148, write a couple of lines for each these diseases, including the cause and

some symptoms: kwashiorkor, scurvy, and anemia. The Geography of Hunger [Page 149 ... We’ll talk a bit about the GHI in Figure 10-4.]

The Nature of Agriculture [Pages 150-151]

4. What is the difference between subsistence and cash-crop farming?


The Green Revolution [Pages 151-154]

5. What was the Green Revolution? Don’t worry about specific names here. (If you want to save a little time in your notes, call this GR for short.)

6. The researchers focussed on HYVs of wheat (and later, rice in the Philippines). What are these, and what three characteristics did these have?

7. To examine the pros and cons of the GR:

a. List a few successes of the Green Revolution. b. Unfortunately, the GR has raised some concerns, several of which are listed on Pages 152-

153. List three or four of these.

8. Read the “Case Study” given on Page 154. What does PASS stand for, and in your own words, quickly list the five-point plan this program involves.

Food Production Issues [Pages 155-160]

9. What is biotechnology? What are GMOs? List a few now grown worldwide. What are some concerns being raised about GMOs (no need for lengthy explanations)?

10. What percentage of genetic diversity in agricultural crops has been lost over the past 100 years? Why

is it such a major concern?

11. ✱ What is the link b/w agriculture, the role of women, education, and empowerment?

[Don’t worry about the rest of this section or the vertical integration concept ...] Search for Sustainable Agriculture [Pages 161-162]

12. What are food miles? How realistic is the “100-Mile Diet” described on Page 162? Future of Global Agriculture [Pages 162-163] Just a couple of things here ...

13. What are the pros and cons of biofuels?

14. What is fair trade? [We’ll do an in-class activity about it, but you need a basic idea first; it’s also covered in Chapter 28, starting on Page 443.]

One more related topic not in this chapter [but in the glossary ...]

15. This chapter says much about the importance of political consumerism. What is this in your own words? [Use glossary definition to get you started.]

* In class, we’ll talk about the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) as an example of this.


Chapter 17: Earth’s Water Resources

Preserving our Water Resources/Fresh Water [Pages 259-260]

1. Examine Figure 17-1. What percentage of all available water is fresh? List the three factors which make that tiny percentage inaccessible to many of the world’s people.

[At this point, we’ll learn about fog harvesting, using some other resources ... ]

Pollution of Surface Water [Pages 261-265]

[Omit Figure 17-4, Page 261, but note how complicated (and $$) treating water is.]

2. Most industrial pollutants are NOT biodegradable. What does this mean? [“Letters from Love Canal” ... we’ll talk about it in class; don’t need to know specifics.]

3. What is an aquifer? What is fossil water?

4. Most drinking water in Saudi Arabia is desalinated. What type of water is this? Wetlands [Pages 266-268 ... just read over, and we’ll talk about them a bit in class.] Managed Water [Pages 268-272]

5. The Aral Sea is an example of a failed irrigation plan. Using Pages 270-271, write a brief summary of what happened, and the effects people are living with in the area today. [We’ll watch videos about this, and focus on efforts to save part of the Aral Sea.]

6. What is drip irrigation, and why is it an excellent alternative to big irrigation projects?

[Another example of empowerment: Rainwater Harvesting from Neemi, India]

Water Transfers [Page 272]

7. Both sides of the argument for exporting Canadian water to the United States are listed here. List a few of the points made for each side.

Preserving our Oceans [Page 273]

8. What did Canada do in 1977, and why?

9. What new challenge is facing nations with jurisdiction in the Arctic Ocean?


Chapter 18: Earth’s Fragile Atmosphere

The Atmosphere [Page 278]

1. What is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and what can it cause?

2. List the five greenhouse gases (GhGs) contained in the atmosphere.

3. Which layer of the atmosphere is of most importance to us, and why? Poisons in the Atmosphere [Pages 278-280]

4. What are POPs? Give a couple of common examples. Then, in bullet form: a. What does the grasshopper effect have to do with POPs? b. What health problems are caused by POPs? Why are colder countries especially at risk? c. List a few of the things Canada has done recently to better manage and control POPs.

The Dilemma of Acid Rain [Pages 280-283]

5. What is acidic deposition?

6. Examine Figure 18-5, Page 281. a. What two chemicals cause acid rain, and what’s their source? b. What two other ingredients are needed to convert these into acid rain?

7. Examine Figure 18-8, Page 283. List a few of the effects of acid rain listed here.

A London Smog or an LA Smog? [Pages 283-286] -- omit The Ozone Layer [Pages 286-288]

8. Ozone is both necessary and dangerous to our survival. Explain this statement.

9. What are CFCs, and why didn’t scientists initially realize that they destroy ozone?

10. At what points on the earth’s surface has the ozone layer thinned the most?

11. What are some of the impacts–on humans and on all other life–of UV radiation? Don’t forget about the caption under Figure 18-14.

12. What is the Montreal Protocol, and what did it do?

13. What are HCFCs, and why are they now also being phased out of use?


Chapter 19: Energy Choices Introduction [Pages 292-293]

1. Where does Canada rank in energy usage (per capita)? List some reasons why it’s so high. A Guided Tour of World Energy [Pages 293-305] These will be presented by groups in class, but everyone needs to complete the first set of questions below; the remainder will be done by specific groups. If time’s short, we skip this and go to alternatives.

Overall Production and Consumption: Page 295 #1-5 Crude Oil: Page 296 #1-5 Natural Gas: Page 299 #1 and 2 Coal: Page 300 #1-3 Nuclear Power: Page 302 #1-3, 5 Hydro-Electric Power: Page 303 #1-3 Outlook for Conventional Energy Sources: Page 305 #8, 9

Is There an Energy Crisis? [Pages 304-305]

2. Define Hubbert’s peak oil theory. Why is there disagreement re: when peak oil will be reached?

3. On Page 306: What are oil sands? What makes the oil extracted from them more expensive? Is There a Better Way to Produce/Use Energy? [Page 307]

4. What is a smart meter, and how can it save you money? [Summerside is using these now.] Alternative Energy Sources [Page 308 ...]

5. Define alternative energy sources. Why is it misleading to call these “new”? Solar Energy [Page 308]

6. List a couple of advantages and disadvantages of solar energy. Biofuels [Pages 309-310]

7. What is the basic difference b/w biodiesel and bioethanol (or ethanol)?

8. What is E-85, and what are some of its drawbacks?

9. Why is research being conducted on ethanol from wood chips and agricultural waste?

10. List a few of the pros and cons of ethanol as listed on Pages 309-310. Geothermal and Earth Energy [Pages 310-311]

11. What is geothermal energy? What are a few of its pros and cons?


12. What is earth energy? How is an earth-energy system ideal for homes in Canada, with our wide

swings in temperature?

Wind Power [Pages 311-312]

13. What country currently produces the highest % of its energy from the wind?

14. How much wind energy was produced in Canada (2007)? How many homes can this power?

15. The pros of wind power are obvious; list a few cons from Figure 19-23, Page 312.

Hydricity [Page 313]

16. What is hydricity, and how can it be produced?

17. What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen power?

[Might like to look at www.cbc.ca/news/background/energy/hydrogen.html.]

Chapter 20: Climate Change: The 21st Century Issue The “Tipping Point” Has Been Reached [Pages 317-318]

1. Define the term tipping point for your notes. The Greenhouse Effect [Pages 319-321]

2. Define greenhouse effect. Without this, what would the average temperature of the earth be?

3. List the three biggest greenhouse gases, or GhGs. Then, list some anthropogenic GhGs.

4. Although you won’t have to describe the carbon cycle itself, you need to know the difference b/w carbon sources, carbon sinks, and fixed carbon. Define each of these.

[Just read the descriptions of the various GhGs ... don’t need to know specifics about them, other than the sources of CH4 and of CO2, which we’ve talked about before.]

Impact of Global Warming [Pages 321-326]

5. Obviously, global temperatures will rise. What part of Canada will experience the greatest temperature increase?

6. What are the three changes in precipitation patterns expected as a result of climate change?

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/energy/hydrogen.html


7. We know that higher sea levels will result from global warming, due to melting of polar icecaps. What other factor will add to higher sea levels, though?

8. List a couple of the ecosystem changes expected in Canada due to global warming.

9. How will tropical and temperate areas (and their crop yields) be affected by climate change?

10. The book argues that Canada’s farm productivity will likely not be helped by climate change ... at

least, not at first. Explain why.

11. Why is winter so important for public health?

12. Surprisingly, some places on earth may cool due to global warming. Where, and why?

13. The change in climate also links to migration and to geopolitics. Explain. [Read over “Loops” section, bottom of Page 326 ... not responsible for anything here.]

Politics of Climate Change [Pages 327-332]

[Simply read through material on the 1992 Rio Conference ... just know that it established the UNFCC and set the stage for Kyoto and Bali later.] What was the Kyoto Protocol? List a few of the disappointments of the Kyoto Protocol.

14. What was the Bali Conference?

15. There were two distinct “camps” emerged from Bali, both taking different approaches to reducing

GHGs. What are they? [Keep this short; no major detail needed here.]

16. To make a long and complicated story short, Bali was a compromise. Explain what this statement means (and keep it short).

Possible Solutions to Climate Change [Pages 332-334]

17. Define cap and trade system and carbon tax using the glossary. [Australia now has a carbon tax.]

18. List a few of the engineering solutions we might use to deal with excess GHGs [Pages 333-334].

If time allows, we’ll watch a couple of relevant videos; for any that we watch, questions and assignments will be given in class at the appropriate time. We’ll also chat about climate change conferences held since Bali, and what they accomplished (or didn’t) ... this isn’t in the textbook (obviously!). [Read through the points under “Climate Change and You” at the end of the chapter ... it’s a nice summary of the content and gives you some real food for thought!]

Good Note-Taking and Note-Making Skills · Good Note-Taking and Note-Making Skills: A Few Ideas I don=t Agive notes@ in Geography 621. I provide a list of guiding questions for each

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