Good governance development

GOVERNANCE FOR GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

An INDONESIAN CaseAn INDONESIAN Case

IPDN KEMENDAGRIIPDN KEMENDAGRI

COURTESY COURTESY Liana BratasidaLiana Bratasida

Deputy Minister for Environmental Conservation Deputy Minister for Environmental Conservation Ministry of Environment, The Republic of IndonesiaMinistry of Environment, The Republic of Indonesia

WSSD - 2002WSSD - 2002

The results from Johannesburg :The results from Johannesburg : Political DeclarationPolitical Declaration Plan of ImplementationPlan of Implementation Partnership InitiativePartnership Initiative

Plan of Implementation of Plan of Implementation of WSSDWSSD

Poverty eradicationPoverty eradication Changing unsustainable patterns of Changing unsustainable patterns of

production and consumption, and production and consumption, and Protecting and managing the natural Protecting and managing the natural

resource base of economic and social resource base of economic and social developmentdevelopment

HealthHealth EnergyEnergy

Sustainable Development

WEHAB

Plan of Implementation

M.D.G.s

Partnership

Agenda 21

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development Which way to go now ?Which way to go now ?

Developing Country ExperiencesDeveloping Country Experiences

Monetary/economic crisis which influenced :Monetary/economic crisis which influenced :

• The policy and governance in SDThe policy and governance in SD• The economic and social conditionThe economic and social condition• People living in povertyPeople living in poverty has increased has increased

significantlysignificantly (with income less than US $ 1 / day)(with income less than US $ 1 / day)

• Environmental condition become worseEnvironmental condition become worse

The Reality in IndonesiaThe Reality in Indonesia- Before -- Before -

Indonesia was one of the Asian miracle, Indonesia was one of the Asian miracle, i.e. its success in family planning and i.e. its success in family planning and poverty eradication.poverty eradication.

Such indicator :Such indicator :• Income per capita improvementIncome per capita improvement• Reduction rate of inflationReduction rate of inflation• Basic living standards, particularly in health Basic living standards, particularly in health

and educationand education

The Reality in IndonesiaThe Reality in Indonesia- Today -- Today -

Indonesia has not fully recovered from the Indonesia has not fully recovered from the crisis caused :crisis caused :

Factories and business closed downFactories and business closed down Children had to leave schoolChildren had to leave school Scarcities of basic people needsScarcities of basic people needs Violation of the law and law Violation of the law and law

enforcement is not adequateenforcement is not adequate

The Reality in IndonesiaThe Reality in Indonesia- case -- case -

Indonesia was suffering from the El Nino Indonesia was suffering from the El Nino which has a detrimental effect to the social which has a detrimental effect to the social and environmental conditions, i.e :and environmental conditions, i.e :

Food shortageFood shortage Forest and land fireForest and land fire Endanger the health (respiratory Endanger the health (respiratory

risk)risk)

PAST GOVERNACE IN INDONESIAPAST GOVERNACE IN INDONESIA

Reflected that:Reflected that: Policy was developed on top-down Policy was developed on top-down

approach and centralized approach and centralized Bureaucratic atmosphereBureaucratic atmosphere

The Characteristic of Past The Characteristic of Past Development in IndonesiaDevelopment in Indonesia

Showed that:Showed that: Industrialization was followed by Industrialization was followed by

urbanization triggered by socio-urbanization triggered by socio-cultural processcultural process

Insecurity of an urban environmentInsecurity of an urban environment

KEY WEAKNESSKEY WEAKNESS

Discrepancy between commitments and Discrepancy between commitments and actionaction

Inadequate level of integration of Inadequate level of integration of environmental considerations into the environmental considerations into the mainstream of decision makingmainstream of decision making

Inadequate of holistic approaches to Inadequate of holistic approaches to global environmental management global environmental management

Impacts of globalizationImpacts of globalization

KEY WEAKNESSKEY WEAKNESS

Lack of coordination among stakeholder Lack of coordination among stakeholder involvedinvolved

Confusion in translating the decentralization Confusion in translating the decentralization spiritspirit

Low of multi-stakeholder group’s Low of multi-stakeholder group’s participatory participatory

Environmental Institutions are younger Environmental Institutions are younger compared to otherscompared to others

Milestones in Indonesia

65 97 98 92 02

Economic Crisis

Rio Summit

WSSD Johannsberg

Good governance

Economic Development +Environmental Institutions: less priority

?Indonesia: Asian Miracle

Reformation

Milestones in IndonesiaMilestones in Indonesia

1998: Reformation era1998: Reformation era

Law No. 22/1999: Regional GovernmentsLaw No. 22/1999: Regional Governments

Law No. 25/1999: Fiscal Balance between Law No. 25/1999: Fiscal Balance between Central Government and the regionsCentral Government and the regions

Law No. 9/1998: Freedom of Public Law No. 9/1998: Freedom of Public Expression of ViewsExpression of Views

Milestones in IndonesiaMilestones in Indonesia

Law No. 28/1999: Clean Governance Law No. 28/1999: Clean Governance and Free From Corruption, Collusion and Free From Corruption, Collusion and Nepotismand Nepotism

Law No. 39/1999: Human RightsLaw No. 39/1999: Human Rights

Law No. 20/1999: Labor Law No. 20/1999: Labor Unions/Worker UnionsUnions/Worker Unions

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTGP

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INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT

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Good GovernanceGood Governance Definition: Definition: a process through which institutions, a process through which institutions,

corporation and citizen groups organize their corporation and citizen groups organize their interests, exercise their rights and obligations and interests, exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differencesmediate their differences

The Frame work consists of :The Frame work consists of :

- Social and economic systems- Social and economic systems- Legal and political structures- Legal and political structures

Characteristics: participation, transparency, Characteristics: participation, transparency, responsibility, rule of law, civil service effectiveness, responsibility, rule of law, civil service effectiveness, gender equality, efficiency, strategic vision, gender equality, efficiency, strategic vision, accountability and predictability accountability and predictability

•Poverty•Exploitation of Natural resources•Industrialization•Urbanization

EnvironmentSet back of environmental

management

GoodGovernance

Demand

Supply

INDONESIAN NEEDS FOR INDONESIAN NEEDS FOR GOOD GOVERNANCEGOOD GOVERNANCE

Sustainable Development

Environmental GovernanceEnvironmental Governance

The integration of the social, economic The integration of the social, economic and environmental dimensions in and environmental dimensions in corporate and public decision-making, corporate and public decision-making, within a governance framework that within a governance framework that ensures transparency, accountability, ensures transparency, accountability, responsive, full participation and responsive, full participation and responsibility, bringing together under the responsibility, bringing together under the heading of governance for sustainable heading of governance for sustainable developmentdevelopment

1. No adverse environmental impact2. Environmentally sound technology transfer3.  Stakeholders’ participation4.  Respect of Customary Right (land tenure)5. Increased employment 6.  Community development program7.  Capacity building improvement8. Local economic benefits9. Equitable distribution of benefits10.No net increase in external debt burden

Development of SD C & IDevelopment of SD C & I

PLAN OF IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN OF IMPLEMENTATION

Key Governance outcame :Key Governance outcame :The plan of implementation on The plan of implementation on “Institutional Framework for “Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development”Sustainable Development”

present commitments which support present commitments which support enhancing government system for SD at all levelsenhancing government system for SD at all levels

Plan of Implementation Plan of Implementation Chapter X : Good GovernanceChapter X : Good Governance

Domestic/ National level:Domestic/ National level:• Sound environmental, social and Sound environmental, social and

economic policieseconomic policies• The rule of lawThe rule of law• Democratic institutionDemocratic institution• Anti – CorruptionAnti – Corruption• Gender equalityGender equality• An enabling environment for investmentAn enabling environment for investment

Plan of Implementation Plan of Implementation Chapter X : Good Governance Cont’dChapter X : Good Governance Cont’d

International level:International level:Minimizing the gap between Minimizing the gap between developed and developing countries developed and developing countries in regards to:in regards to:• FinanceFinance• Technology transferTechnology transfer• Debt and tradeDebt and trade• Full participation of developing countries Full participation of developing countries

in global decision makingin global decision making

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

LocalGovernance

NationalGovernance

InternationalGovernance

INTERDEPENDENCY: ETHICSINTERDEPENDENCY: ETHICS

Secure developmentIn the local scope Secure development

In the national scope Secure macroeconomic,

Cooperation among countries, reducing gaps

Recommendation ActionRecommendation Action

Democracy, transparent and accountable Democracy, transparent and accountable governance and administration in all sectors of governance and administration in all sectors of societysociety

The responsibility in promoting and The responsibility in promoting and implementation of policies in sustainable implementation of policies in sustainable development should be the responsibility of all development should be the responsibility of all stakeholdersstakeholders

Participation of the public and all the stakeholders Participation of the public and all the stakeholders especially the business world and the local people especially the business world and the local people should be encouragedshould be encouraged

Recommendation ActionRecommendation Action

The government at local as well as The government at local as well as national level should be able to identify national level should be able to identify the needs of peoplethe needs of people

Legislative body should be able to oversee Legislative body should be able to oversee the actions of the government and the actions of the government and promote an accountable and transparent promote an accountable and transparent system of governance.system of governance.

Legislative body contribute fully to Legislative body contribute fully to promoting a democratic culture which promoting a democratic culture which fosters respect for human rights and fosters respect for human rights and fundamental freedomsfundamental freedoms

Adequate resources must be made Adequate resources must be made available to all national institutions that available to all national institutions that are working to further progress in are working to further progress in sustainable developmentsustainable development

Government should be encouraged to Government should be encouraged to facilitate the establishment of national facilitate the establishment of national multi-stakeholder forummulti-stakeholder forum

Recommendation ActionRecommendation Action