Global warning and climate change

GLOBAL WARNING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

PRESENTED BY:

DIPAK KUMAR

NIT DURGAPUR

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Global warming, climate change-definitions

Human impact on planet earth

Global environment degradation-causes, evidences and progression

Greenhouse earth-gases, effects and history

Carbon dioxide levels, sources and contributions

Global warming-concept, indicators, factors, critical targets and impacts

Ozone depletion- impacts, photochemical smog episodes

Global climate change-indicators, health impacts

“Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.”

-Mark Twain,1897

“The warning about global warming have been extremely clear for a long time. We are facing a global climate crisis.”

-AI Gore

VOICE ABOUT GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

DEFINITION OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Global Warming Climate Change

Refers to temperature increase in the troposphere.

An increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising level of greenhouse gases.

Refers to changes in any aspects of the earth’s climate including temperature, precipitation and storm intensity and patterns.

A long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE EARTH

Humanactivities Earth

GlobalClimatechange

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

The environment change is a

combination of natural events and

human intervention.

It occurs at global, regional and local levels.

Human beings have altered every

element of the planet earth.

CAUSE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Populationgrowth

Human Impacts

Per capita

consumption Te

chnology

Environmentalcrisis

Environmental impact refers to the alteration of

the natural environment by human activity.

CAUSE OF GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Environmental Impact(I) = population(P) * consumption(C)

I = P*C

Environmental Impact = population size * per capita consumption * pollution and resource use per unit of consumption.

WORLD HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH

18041

billion

19202

billion

19744

billion

19875

billion

19996

billion

20218

billion

20137

billion

Earth has finite resources.

Its ability to sustain the growing population is finite.

Its ability to provide food and energy is finite.

Economic need allow exploitation of natural resources

Industrialized nations consume more resources per capita.

Polution has a negative impact on humans in terms of health and quality of life, as well as on other animals and plants.

Ecological

Crisis

HUMAN CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE EARTH IS NOT INFINITE

GLOBAL CONSUMPTION EXPLOSION

Global resource consumption is rising rapidly.

The resource consumption is driven by population growth and rising wealth.

This ever-increasing consumption puts strain on the environment.

As a result, emissions and wastes pollute the earth and destroy the ecosystems.

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION

Positive Ecological effects

Negative Ecological effects

Improved quality of life Greater economic growth Rapid and bulk

production of goods Better transportation Faster communication Comfortable housing Enjoyable recreation

Pollution of life support systems

Degradation of natural habitats

Global warming and climate changes

Depletion of natural resources

Impact of industrial agriculture

Toxic contamination Depletion of ozone layer

Is a structural building with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof & frequently glass or plastic walls

Receiving energy (in the form of light) from outside; the inside of greenhouse will heat & emit infrared radiation.

It happens that glass is a material pretty opaque to these infrared radiation emitted by the interior of greenhouse.

This prevents the energy to dissipate easily outside & leads to a temperature increase that would not happen if infrared could freely escape from greenhouse.

WHAT IS GREENHOUSE?

is a natural process that warms the Earth, and, in fact, is quite necessary for our survival. Gases in the atmosphere, like water vapour (clouds), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) act as a natural blanket by preventing the sun’s heat energy from radiating back into space, much like a greenhouse traps the sun’s energy to warm someone’s plants even in the middle of winter.

The natural greenhouse effect helps warm the Earth’s surface by as much as 33oC, and without it, our planet would be too cold for humans to survive.

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

PROCESS OF GREENHOUSE

As the sun’s energy hits the Earth, some of that energy is absorbed by the earth’s crust and by the oceans, warming the planet.

The rest of the energy is radiated back toward space as infrared energy. While some of this infrared energy does radiate back into space, some portion is absorbed and re-emitted by water vapor and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

This absorbed energy helps to warm the planet’s surface and atmosphere just like a greenhouse.

GREENHOUSE EARTH Greenhouse gases have been essential to the survival life on

planet earth.

They trap heat and cause the earth to warm.

Human activities alter the proportion of GHG’s in the atmosphere.

They add more GHGs and induce more heat trapping by the atmosphere.

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG)

GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

RECENT WARMING IS DUE TO GREENHOUSE GASES

FUTURE WARMING DEPENDS ON EMISSIONS

WAYS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

Use less heat and air conditioning

Drive less and drive smart

Factory install smoke filters

Plant a tree

Vehicles use unleaded petrol

Enforce the law on behalf of polluting the environment

Environmental campaign

TIMELINE OF GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS

SOURCES OF GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

CONCEPT OF GLOBAL WARMING

Global warming is a continuing increase in the earth’s overall temperature.

It is caused by the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases have increased from human activity. Sea level is rising and snow and ice cover is

decreasing. In 2007,the International Panel on Climate

Change(IPCC) started that there is a 90% probability that human activity is causing the warming.

Many scientists feel that the consequences of global warming is irreversible.

Global warming is a serious threat brought about by human activity.

WHAT CAUSES GLOBAL

WARMING?

• Carbon dioxide + other air pollution• like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's

heat

Source:• Coal-burning power plants are the largest

U.S. -- they produce 2.5 billion tons CO2 every year.

• Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.

From household: •Vehicles• Home Heating• Electricity

2009 Indian floods

The 2009 India floods affected various states of India in July 2009. The most affected states were Karnataka, Orissa, Kerala, Gujarat and North-East Indian states, with over 200 people reported dead, and a million homes destroyed.

CAUSING BAD THINGS

• 2002, Colorado, Arizona and Oregon endured worst wildfire seasons ever

• dust storms in Montana, Colorado and Kansas

• floods hundreds of millions of dollars in damage in Texas, Montana and North Dakota

• snow accumulation has declined 60

• winter seasons shortened in Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING

HOW CAN WE

CUT GLOBAL WARMIN

G POLLUTI

ON

reducing pollution from vehicles and power plantsHybrid gas-electric engines

put existing technologies for building, cleaner cars and

more modern electricity generators into widespread use

renewable energy sources such as wind, sun and geothermal

manufacture more efficient appliances and conserve energy

DO TO HELP FIGHT GLOBAL WARMING

choose a compact fluorescent light bulb over an incandescent bulb

opting for a refrigerator with the Energy Star label

fluorescent light bulb

refrigerator

• Turn off your computer or the TV when you're not using it.

• Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy.

• Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains.

• • Turn off the lights when you

leave a room.

SIMPLE THINGS TO DO

•Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air

conditioning. Or use a fan.

•Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning

up the heat.

•Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC

and furnace clean.

•Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the

car.

•Plant a tree.

BESIDE THAT :HYBRID CARS:- These still cost more than they save, but not too much, and lots of people like the idea of polluting less. We will eventually switch over almost completely and the sooner the better--there's lots of room for savings here.

NUCLEAR POWER:- Nuclear power still has problems, but makes no C02. A high priority needs to be placed on solving the nuclear-waste problem.

PUMPING C02 UNDERGROUND:-It seems incredible, but they do it all the time to force oil out of oil wells. US DOE has a big project to study this. It may turn out to be too expensive, but it is considered to be one of the best options by those in the know.

WIND POWER:- Facts will be studying this option soon. It is nearly break-even but how much could be installed? Is 5% of total power realistic? Right now that seems very far off.

DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER

IMPACT OF OZONE DEPLETION

FORMATION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG

EFFECT OF OZONE DEPLETION AND OZONE POLLUTION

GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

Climate change is a critical global change.Climate change is potentially one of the greatest of all

threats to the environment, to the biodiversity and ultimately to the quality of human life.

EVIDENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGEArtic climate impact assessment(ACIA,2004)

HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

GLOBAL IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

FUTURE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE : GLOBAL PROJECTIONS

LATEST UPDATE

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