Global Slag Utilisation Nick Jones Slag Business Development Manager.

Global Slag Utilisation

Nick JonesSlag Business Development Manager

Presentation Outline

Why utilise slag?MultiServ overview Types of slag handled / markets suppliedA focus on steel slag Steel slag properties / benefitsCase StudiesConclusions

Why Utilise Slag?

Historically• Either sent to landfill or de-metalled and

sent to landfill – A WASTECurrent world- wide situation• Landfill becoming scarce or more expensive

or both• Natural aggregate resources are becoming

more difficult to develop• The environmental impact of Quarrying • The world is becoming more environmentally

aware – planning for the future

Why Utilise Slag?

When processed and marketed correctly, slag is not a waste, it is a resourceWhy remove aggregate from the ground when slag can be used as a substitute (reduce waste – conserve resources)Protect and preserve our environmentBenefit from technical advantages offered by many of the steel making slagsHigh performance products not necessarily low grade applications

MultiServ Structure

Argentina

Brazil

Chile

Guatemala

Mexico

Peru

Trinidad

Venezuela

Australia

Bahrain

China

Egypt

Indonesia

New Zealand

Saudi Arabia

South Africa

Thailand

+160 Operating Sites

30 36 22

Canada

USA

34 40

Belgium

France

Italy

Luxembourg

Portugal

Spain

Czech Rep.

Finland

Netherlands

Norway

Serbia

Slovakia

Sweden

UK

Europe North

Europe South

InternationalLatin

AmericaNorth

America

Types of Ferrous Slag Handled

Iron making slag• Air-cooled blast furnace slag• Granulated blast furnace

slag• Melter slag

Steel making slag• BOF• EAF• Stainless

EAF AOD

Typical MultiServ Global Slag Sales

Iron and Steel Slag Sales(Tonnes)

North America 3,490,000

Latin America 1,245,000

Rest of World* 2,256,000

Total 6,991,000

* Europe, Asia, Middle East & Africa

Global Slag Sales Breakdown

%Sales

Road Construction 62%

General Construction 16%

Agriculture 0.1

Environmental 1.9%

Diverse Applications 20%

Revenues based on “Global” averages per application

Typical Slag ApplicationsS

lag V

olu

me S

old

Stone Columns

Sea Defences

Dyke Repairs

Agricultural

Gabion Baskets

Road Surface Aggregates

Asphalt

Rail Ballast

Filter Media

Cement

Sub Bases (unbound)

Road Bases (unbound)

Bulk Fill

Low Volume = Niche Applications High Volume = Bulk Applications

Typical Applications

Road construction• Unbound• Slag bound • Asphalt

General construction• Fill

Unconfined – steel slag• Concrete

Non-structural – steel slag

Typical Applications

Agriculture• Fertiliser• Soil conditioners

Environmental• Filtration• Waste water treatment

Recycling to steel millGround stabilisation – Vibro-floatationMineral wool – insulationCement manufactureRailway ballast

Unbound applications

Germany – Sub-basesHolland – sub-bases, slag bound mixtures• Pass environmental standards• Leachate tests – ground

Ensure that the slag is not placed in stagnant water conditionsUK – guidance for blast furnace slag – similar controls should apply

Waste water treatment (NZ)

Ground Stabilisation

MultiServ Saudi Arabia has supplied EAF steel slag from the Hadeed steel mill into stone column piling since Nov 1995Since that time 21 construction project have been supplied, consuming over 970,000 Tonnes of steel slag aggregateThe size fractions used are 19/37 for dry applications and 25/75 for wet

Ground Stabilisation

Typical Ground Stabilisation Project

Feedstock for Cement Manufacture

Steel Slag

Steel Slag

A Focus on

Steel Slag

Steel Slag Properties

Steel slag is an ideal aggregate for asphalt surfacing materials especially with regards to the following properties

Cubical Shape – Resistance to deformationpH – Resistance to binder stripping – Durability – Porous asphaltResistance to polishing – Skid resistance - SafetyResistance to abrasion – Durability

Shape

Resistance to Deformation

Wheeltracker

0

2

4

6

8

10

Singapore Granite

Steel Slag

Wheeltracking Rate at 60oC

Nottingham Asphalt Tester

Determines fundamental propertiesValues are understood worldwideStiffnessResistance to deformationFatigue

pH-Affinity to Bitumen

Durability

SCRIM

SFC Values for 14mm steel slag surface dressing laid in 1988

9000

11000

13000

15000

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Date Tested

AA

DT

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

SF

C

AADT

SFC

0.4

0.42

0.44

0.46

0.48

0.5

0.52

0.54S

ide

wa

ys

Fo

rce

Co

efi

cie

nt

1994 1997 1999Date Tested

SteelSlag

Gritstone

Direct Comparison Between Steel Slag and High PSV Gritstone

Grip Tester

WARNING!

FREE LIME

Result of Expansive Slag in Asphalt

Expansion Test

Expansion Tests Equipment

Expansion Test

Case Studies

UK - Steelphalt – EAF and stainless steel slag into asphalt

Saudi Arabia – steel slag into asphalt

South Africa - BOS steel slag asphalt

UK

MultiServ own their own Steel slag asphalt coating facility (SteelPhalt) in the UKStarted coating steel slag in 1934Since coated over 12 Million Tonnes100% utilisation of primary slag produced from four steel mills in the areaNo primary slag tips in local area

UK

Two asphalt plants – 640T Storage capacity

Asphalt Production 360,000 tpa

220K Tonnes steel slag 130K Tonnes carbon

steel slag 90K Tonnes stainless

steel slag 140K Tonnes limestone

UK

UKSteelphalt production 220KT/yr• carbon steel slag / stainless steel slag

CS EAF – surface course asphalt – all sizes SS EAF – 3mm – metallic recovery SS AOD – stabilised – base course asphalt

Supplies to local and National specificationSupplies proprietary thin surfacing systems in accordance with an independent product approval scheme• SteelPave - suite of thin surfacing systems• SteelSurf – for high stress applications

Steelphalt Thin Surfacings

SteelSurf

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia • Markets all its 450KT/yr of electric arc

furnace steels slag• Two largest markets –

Road construction Ground stabilisation

• Boasts our largest road construction contract consuming over 700,000 tonnes of steel slag in: - Unbound road base Asphalt base course Asphalt surface course

Saudi Arabia – Road Construction

+700KT of Steel Slag

South Africa

South Africa 150 – 200KT/yr• Newly developed market• Aggregate for asphalt supply to busiest

motorway in RSALarge segregated stock of BOF steel slagHighways authority had problems with local aggregate in asphalt• Premature deformation • Fines stripping in asphalt

South Africa

Lab tests and site trials undertaken in partnership with local asphalt manufacturer to prove material properties and demonstrate advantagesConsulting engineer specifies slag to combat problemsMarket has been established and is growingSlag is now specified for its benefitsExperience and confidence gained from using slag from this one site will pave the way for extended use of slag from other sources across RSA

Deformation

N3 Patching - Trial

Van Reenen’s Pass

Conclusions

Steel slag is a resource, not a waste

Steel slag can be utilised as a high quality aggregate.

If processed correctly steel slag can be used as aggregate for a variety of applications giving benefits over and above many natural aggregates

Conclusions

As the world reviews its environmental policies opportunities arise for increased use of industrial by-products

The use of steel slags can be a win-win result for the environment• Reduction of waste• Conservation of natural resources

Thank You for Your Attention

Any Questions?