Global hr forum2008-seungsoon_im-high-level r&d human resources development programs in korea

High-level R&D human High-level R&D human resources development resources development programs in koreaprograms in korea

Global HR Forum 2008Regional Conference in DubaiApril 21~22, 2008

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Professor SeungSoon Im

Outline of this Presentation

Hanyang Univ.

Economic Changes in Korea

Development of scientific technology

Education of high-level human resources

2

1

3

Future policy for scientific technology4

Conclusion5

- Government policy

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Hanyang Univ.

Economic Changes in Korea1

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Hanyang Univ.

Korean Industry : Turning limitations into Innovation

Lack of natural sources

Strong educationaltradition

National character

Establishment of nationaleconomic foundation

based on advanced scientific technology

Improvedquality of life

Long-term nationwide establishment of

technological infrastructure

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Hanyang Univ.

Foundation of Korean economy

Import : raw material + capital goods = 89.2%

ImportsFuel, Raw materials

ExportsChemical, mechanical,

electric & electronic products

Creation of value-added products by manufacturing industry(Foundation of Korean economy)

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Hanyang Univ.

■ The fastest growing by a creative entrepreneurship and endless renovation without precedent

in the world

19701955 1987 1997 Present

The new community movement

An opening of the Gyeongbu expressway

The 1st 5-year economic

Development plan

IMF

2nd-oil shock1st-oil shock

Low oil price, low interest, the exchange rate of the

dollarJoining the OECD

Inauguration day

of president Lee

Source : Samsung Economic research Institute“Renewed discussion of korean enterprise growth for 50years”

The period change for Korean company

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1955~1970 1971~1987 1988~1997 1998~Present

The important business

Timber mill

CementConstruction, Steel, Refined Oil,

Trade&Textile

Electronic

(Semiconductor)

Automobile

Communication,

Electronic,

Automobile, Finance

The principle enterprise

Samsung

Samyang

Taihan

Dongyang

Samsung, Taihan

Hyundai, Ssangyoung

Gold star, Hanjin

Daewoo, Hyosung

Samsung, Hyosung

Hyundai, Ssangyoung

LG, KIA

Hanwha, Lotte

Samsung, Lotte

Hyundai motor

LG,POSCO

SK,KT,GS,Hanwha

Hanyang Univ.

☞ Starting of the economic development (1960’s), Joining the newly industrializing countries (in the late 1970’s)

☞ A continuous effort with passion to enter in advanced countries (from the late 1980’s~to the middle 1990’s)

☞ The attainment of an income level 10,000$ per person (1995)

☞ Joining of the 29th nation of a member of OECD (1996)

■ Rrapid growth of Korean economy as great economic power from war-ruins to 11th GDP in the world (2004)

Korean economy will grow to a great economic power

GDP (GDP per person)

19612004

Export scale

$2,900m ($82)

$680,100m ($14,162)

$40m

$253,800m

Import scale

$ 320m

$224,500m

Investment scale

$250m

$203,000m

235times 6,345 times

812times

WR 11th WR 12th

701 times

WR 13th

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Hanyang Univ.

■ Growth of the scale in production, sales, and the number of company and employee.

☞ 7.5 and 10 times increase of the number of manufacturing industry company and employee, respectively.

☞ 10,000 and 8,400 times increase of production and average sales of top 100 companies on the 1965, respectively.

Number of companyNumber of company

15,000113,000 113,000

7.5 times

7.5 times

1960 2003

Number of employeeNumber of employee

275,000

2,740,0002,740,00010 times

10 times

1955 2003

Manufacturing Industry productionManufacturing Industry production

$61.5 million

$678 billion$678 billion11,000 times

11,000 times

1960 2003

Ave. sales of top 100 companyAve. sales of top 100 company

$790,000

$ 6.6 billion$ 6.6 billion8,400 8,400

times

times

1965 2003

Enlargement of Industry

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Hanyang Univ.

■ Leading to fast growth in ship, automobile, steel, and high-tech semiconductor industries.

☞ Grown to world’s top class quality in technologies, brands, and qualities as getting out of price competition.

☞ Keeping on international competitive power via constant technological innovation.

Growth in key industries

12,000 CG/T

Ship construction

Automobile production

8,320,000 CG/T

18,000 pcs

3,470,000 pcs

Steel construction

1.03 mil. tons

48 mil. tons

1972 2004 1962 2004 1973 2004

World No.6 World No.1 World No.5

DRAM market share

31%

2004

World No.1

1996: world 1st 1G DRAM

2003: World market shareNo.1 of flash memory

2004: Development of667MHz mobile CPU, 8GbNAND flash/80um, and 2GbDDR2

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The induction of construction method [FINEX]- cost reduction of 15~20%

The induction of skid lauching system- Cycling time reduction of 15~20%Supply of highest standard ship design engineer.

Hanyang Univ.

Development of Scientific technology3

- Government Policy

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Hanyang Univ.

The Planning of Korea Economic Development and Education ofHigh-quality human resources

A five year plan for economic development

1 step (1962~1966)

2 step (1967~1971)

(construction infrastructure of development of scientific technology)

3 step (1972~1976)

4 step (1977~1981)

(great increment of student number limit in colleges for the industrialization)

A transition period

(1982~1994)

(revitalization of researches in colleges, strengthening education in graduate schools)

An innovation period

(1995~ Present)

(nourishment of human resources in scientific technology & supporting business for widely using them)

Organization

&

Policy

►Established 1st five-year plan for development of human resources (60’s)

►Establishment of the ministry of Science & technology (67’s)

►Established 3rd five-year plan for development of human resources (72-76’s)

► A prospect of supply & demand of long term HR(77~81’s)

►Confirmation of long term plan for development Sci. & Tech for 2000’s (86’s)

►Decision for G7 project by general Scientific investigation council (91’s)

►Establishment general countermea-sure for use of HR of high-tech & Science (98’s)

Education

►The establishment of Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) (66’s)

►The establishment of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) (71’s)

►Introduction of military service exceptions for KAIST (73’s)

►Introduction system of a military officer with master’s degree (81’s)

►The establishment of Pohang Institute of Technology (86’s)

►The establishment of Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) (93’s)

►Specialization in colleges of science & engineering of 5 colleges.(95’s)

►Establishment of graduate school of Korean information & communication (98’s)

►Confirmation of Business of BK21 (99’s)

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Hanyang Univ.

The Planning of Korea Economic Development and Education ofHigh-quality human resources

A five year plan for economic development

1 step (1962~1966)

2 step (1967~1971)

(construction infrastructure of development of scientific technology)

3 step (1972~1976)

4 step (1977~1981)

(great increment of student number limit in colleges for the industrialization)

A transition period

(1982~1994)

(revitalization of researches in colleges, strengthening education in graduate schools)

An innovation period

(1995~ Present)

(nourishment of human resources in scientific technology & supporting business for widely using them)

Research

►The establishment of Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) (66’s)

►Outset of enticement Korean scientific engineer in foreign country with government budget (68’s)

►Begin the institute complex of Seoul research & development (71’s)

►Establishment Korean nuclear energy Institute (73’s)

►Establishment Institute of Ocean development (75’s)

►Promotion of superior research center in each college (ERC,SRC) (90’s)

►Exceed 100 private Research Institute (91’s) ►Completion of facilities of Daeduck researching Institute complex (92’s)

►The program special -ized in performative humanities (94-98)

►The establishment of Korean science & technology academy (98’s)

► The priority project of a undergraduate school (94-98’s)

Industry

►The expansion of energy industry

(coal, electric energy)

►The expansion of basic industry (road, harbor, rail road and etc.)

►Foodstuff self-sufficiency

►Light industry (Fiber, Textile)

► Heavy industry

(Steel, Petrochem.)

►The proclaim law of educating technical service (73’s)

► High-tech industry

(semiconductor, electronics industry)

►The rapid development of Heavy industry

(Steel, Shipbuilding and automobile industry)

►Focus on the nanotechnology industry

►The organization of supporting industrial technology of college (98’s)

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Hanyang Univ.

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)

Graduates’s Carrer Direction

M.S 16,979 (’75~’06)

47.23%36.66%

11.50%2.91%

1.48%0.22%

Advanced StudiesIndustry

ResearchEducation

GovernmentOther

B.S 7,931 (’89~’06)

Ph. D. 6,382 (’78~’06)

Advanced StudiesIndustry

ResearchEducation

GovernmentOther

67.82%

0.54%

30.90%0.52%

0.14%0.08%

(As of July 1, 2006)

32.00%

50.72%

0.09%

Industry

ResearchEducation

GovernmentOther

15.95%1.24%

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Hanyang Univ.

Status of total R&D Expenditure

Trend of R&D expenditure and the ratio of R&D to GDP

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

1964 1975 1985 1995 2001 2003 2005

0.2

1.4 10.5 42.7 211 1,1553,210

9,440

13,84816,110

17,325

19,068

22,185

24,155

27,345

0.37

(Unit : A millon dollar, %)

0.42

0.56

1.41

1.72

2.37 2.39

2.59 2.532.63

2.852.98

3.23

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.5

2.0

3.0

Total R&D Expenditure

Ratio of R&D to GDP

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Hanyang Univ.

Status of total R&D Expenditure

The transition of Total R&D expenditure index

Total R&D expenditure ratio Korea : U.S.A=1:13, Korea : Japan=1:6, Korea : Germany=1:3Korea : France=1:2, Korea : U.K=1:1.4

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1964 1975 1985 1995 2000 2006

Total R&D expenditure

(US, million dollar) 1.4 42.7 1,155 9,440 13,848 27,345

Government vs Private (%) 97 : 3 71 : 29 64 : 36 19 : 81 25 : 75 24 : 76

R&D / GDP (%) 0.20 0.42 1.41 2.37 2.39 3.23

Hanyang Univ.

R&D Personnel

Trend of number of researchers

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

138,438

129,767134,568

159,973

178,937189,888

198,171209,979

234,702

256,598

Total researcher (person)

4.7

4.34.6

4.96.1 6.2

6.6 6.77.6

8.3

Total researcher per 1,000 labour force (Full Time Equivalent)

(Unit : person)

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Hanyang Univ.

Concentration Rate of R&D Activities in Top Companies

Note) The above data resulted from selecting and analysing top-listed companies on the basis of the number of researchers and doctorial researchers

concentration rate of researchers and doctorial researchers (2004~2006)

Concentration of researcher Concentration of doctorial researcher

2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006

TOP 5 29.9 30.6 30.2 36.7 38.1 37.8

TOP 10 33.7 34.8 34.3 44.5 46.1 45.0

TOP 20 38.8 39.7 38.3 51.4 52.2 50.5

(Unit : %)

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Hanyang Univ.

R&D Personnel

The number of researchers in major countries

Researchers

(FTE)

Researchers per

1,000 labour

Force (FTE)

Researchers per

10,000

Population (FTE)

Expenditure per

Researcher

(US dollar)

Korea (2006) 199,990 8.3 41.4 143,102

U.S.A (2005) 1,394,682 9.3 47.0 232,644

Japan (2005) 704,949 10.6 55.2 214,582

Germany (2006) 279,800 6.7 34.0 261,079

France (2005) 204,484 7.4 32.6 222,947

U.K (2005) 180,450 6.1 30.0 219,291

Finland (2006) 40,411 15.1 76.7 178,846

China (2006) 1,223,756 1.6 9.3 30,777

Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2007/02

(Unit : person, US dollar)

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Hanyang Univ.

Number of Researchers categorized by academic degrees

Distribution of researchers by academic achievement (2006)

Doctor

Master

Bachelor

The others

(Unit : person)

Pub. ResearchInstitutes

Universities Companies Total

8,083(13.5%)

6,887(8.3%)

1,579(1.6%)

222(1.9%)

40,256(67.1%)

22,878(27.4%)

1,835(1.8%)

954(8.1%)

11,674(19.5%)

53,615(64.3%)

98,008(96.6%)

10,607(90.0%)

60,013(100.0%)

83,380(100.0%)

101,422(100.0%)

11,783(100.0%)

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Hanyang Univ.

R&D expenditure by national and private sector in major countries

SectionKorea

(2006)

USA

(2006)

Japan

(2005)

Germany

(2006)

France

(2006)

UK

(2005)

China

(2006)

Pub. Research

12.8 15.4 10.2 13.9 18.5 12.8 19.7

Universities 10.0 14.3 13.4 16.5 18.1 25.6 9.2

Companies 77.2 70.3 76.4 69.6 63.4 61.6 71.1

(Unit : %)

Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2007/02

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Hanyang Univ.

Synthetic Analysis of R&D

R&D expenditure and number of researchers in major countries

Source) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2007/02

The base year for the number of researchers per 1,000 labour force : U.S.A and France Germany (2005)

Rat

io o

f ex

pen

dit

ure

to

GD

P

(%)

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

China (2006)

Total researcher per 1,000 labour Force (FTE, persons)

Ireland (2006)

- 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

U.K (2005)

Korea (2000)

Germany (2006)

Average of OECD (2005)

France (2006)

Taiwan (2006)

Singapore (2005)

U.S.A (2006)

Korea (2006)Japan (2005)

Finland (2006)

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Hanyang Univ.

Allocation of resources for scientific and engineering discipline

Agriculture, Forestry, marine product 7.1%(5,697)

Mathematics 0.3%(273)

Physics 1.7%(1,354)Chemistry 1.6%(1,255)

Life Science 5.5%(4,457)Earth Science 0.7%(597)

Mechanical Eng. 9.9%(7,923)

Material 4.6%(3,670)Chemistry progress 1.6%(1,252)

Electricity, Electronic 9.7%(7,805)

Information 7.0%(5,644)

Communication 5.2%(4,208)Health, medical service 6.6%(5,324)

Environment 3.6% (2,909)

Energy sources 3.8% (3,053)

Nuclear energy 4.3% (3,468)

Construction and Transportation 4.2% (3,375)

The Universe, Aviation, Astronomy, The sea 8.2% (6,625)

ETC.9.3% (7,489)The science renovation,

The policy of scientific technique 5.0% (4,014)

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Hanyang Univ.

Education of high-level human resources3

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Hanyang Univ.

Trend in student’s choice of majors in engineering and science

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Education of heavy chemical industry human resources

Education of IT industry human resources

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006

Computer, informationtechnology

Electricity, electronic Eng.

Metal, mechanical Eng.

Chemistry

shipbuilding, MarineEng.

Hanyang Univ.

Status of science & technology researcher

The status of producing of bachelor, master and doctor

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

1970 1980 1990 20020

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1970 1985 2002 2006

B.S of Natural science

B.S of Engineering

M.S, and Doctor of Natural science

M.S, and Doctor of Engineering

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Science Research Center (SRC) / Engineering Research Center (ERC)

Hanyang Univ.

SRC places emphasis on creative basic research to ensure exploration of basic theory and knowledge that may lead to outstanding papers and the development of advanced technologies. ERC is engaged mainly in basic engineering research with the potential for industrial advancement, while encouraging interdisciplinary collaborations between industry and academia and enhancing the international competitiveness of Korea's industries.

Program overview

Extend of Funding

Annual Grant : Direct expenses for research are supported within the annual budget of US $1 million (support scale varies according to appraisal implemented every 3 years) Duration of Support : up to 9 years. Appraisals are done every 3 years to determine if support should be given for the next 3 years.

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To cultivate leading scientists group to the world-class level To facilitate cooperation between industry and academia To establish research-oriented universities

Program expectation

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Science Research Center (SRC) / Engineering Research Center (ERC)

Hanyang Univ.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

’90 ‘91 ‘94 ’95 ‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ’00 ‘01 ‘02 ’03 ‘05

Total

ERC

SRC

No. of centers selected

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The education of human resources in Science research center (SRC) & Engineering research center (ERC)

Source : Korea Science and engineering foundation (2002) [The report of basic science research results in 2001, P60]

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Doctor ERCDoctor SRCMaster ERCMaster SRC

Year

Per

son

Hanyang Univ.Page28/40

To nurture world class graduate schools and to foster excellent researchers, BrainKorea21 is a high-quality human resource nurturing program designed to aid the candidates for the master course, PhD and advanced-level researchers.

Brain Korea 21 (BK21)

Brain Kore 21

“BrainKorea(BK)21 is a project that produces 'next generation leaders with creativity' by supporting students in Master's or PhD degree course and post-graduate researchers."

Why Brain Kore 21

http://bnc.krf.or.kr/home/eng/bk21/aboutbk21.jsp

Based on the achievements of the 1st phase, the 2nd phase of BK21 will further facilitate the introduction and establishment of systems for research-oriented universities.

BK 21 recognizes the necessity to develop Korea's human resources in key areas, such as core and original technologies, as well as new growth engines, which will drive economic growth in the future.

BK 21 provides financial support to graduate students, the next generation scholars with creativity.

Hanyang Univ.http://bnc.krf.or.kr/home/eng/bk21/aboutbk21.jsp

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Hanyang Univ.

Brain Korea 21 (BK21)

Vision

► Enhancing regional Graduate schools’ research

Capabilities through thePromotion of specialization

► Focused development ofRegional R&D human

Resources clusters

► Establishing infrastruc- Ture for researchoriented

universities

► Building a customer-Oriented human resourcesDevelopment system by Strengthening industry-Academia cooperation

STRONGER KOREA WITH ENHANCED HUMAN CAPITAL

Human & Knowledge-ledGrowth stragegies

DEVELOPING QUALIFIED HUMAN RESOURCES“Developing world-class research –oriented universities specialized in specific fields”

► Nurturing top-class Experts in technologiesWith great potential for

Growth in the future

► Stably and steadilyProducting next genera-

Tion scholars in basicScience,humanities, and

Social science

Developing world-classExpert groups

Upgrading universityEducation and research

infrastructure

Developing reginalGraduate schools that willLead regional innovation

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Current Status of Scientific Research of Korea

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

No. of articles 7,852 9,684 11,150 12,316 14,733 15,705 18,635 19,279 23,048

Increase (%) 21.7 23.3 15.1 10.5 19.6 6.6 18.7 3.5 19.5

Global Portion (%)

0.96 1.13 1.27 1.39 1.61 1.71 1.85 1.96 2.02

World Ranking

18 16 16 16 15 14 14 14 14

Articles Published Overseas

(SCI)

Hanyang Univ.Page31/40

1990 1993 1995 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

No. of Patent 224 765 1,166 3,267 3,568 3,331 3,546 3,755 4,198 4,590

World

Ranking17 11 8 6 7 8 8 7 5 4

(U.S.A., Registration)

International Patent (United States)

Current Status of Scientific Research of Korea

Hanyang Univ.Page32/40

Hanyang Univ.

Linking Education and Research with Industrial Development

ProjectsGovernm

entBudget (2007) Benefitee Details

UniversitiesMKE

MEST

44 million $

(MKE 220)

General(8unit)

Industrial(5unit)Cluster the universities near industrial areas and support technology, facilities and human resource development.

TLO SupportMKE

MEST

3 million $

3 million $TLO -Select top TLOs and support RTTC

BK21 (Phase II) MEST30 thousand

dollarUniversities

-Support research-oriented universities

-Develop university-corporate affiliated curriculum

NURI MEST30 thousand

dollarLocal universities

-Support education and human resources development program to meet local needs

Local Human Resources

DevelopmentMKE

3 thousand

Dollar

University-corporate

affiliations

-Breed human capital through university-corporate affiliated curriculum to meet the needs of local industries

[Unit : dollar]

•MOC : The ministry of Knowledge Economy, • NURI : New University for Regional Innovation •MOE : The ministry of Education, Science and Technology•TLO : Technology Licensing Office research center•RTTC : Regional Technology Transfer Center

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Hanyang Univ.

Future policy for scientific Technology 4

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Hanyang Univ.

Scientific technology policy for the future

Realization of world-class country based on science & technology

Global approach to scientific & technological resources

Government → Incorporation of both private & govn’t sectorsOrganizational

Hierarchy

Imitative transfer → Creation of merit-based original technologyTechnology Selection

Supply-oriented investment → Demand/outcome-based investmentManagement

Independent individual →collaborative networkImplementation

Closed-end system → Open system Infrastructure

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Hanyang Univ.

Conclusion5

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Hanyang Univ.

Conclusion

The kernel of a business competitiveness in the 21th century

National competitiveness►Technical expertise

►Research human resources

A creative research human resources

A challengeable research human resources

Specialized generalist

University : The portion of 10 percent on total R&D expenditure The portion of 67 percent on total doctor-grade R&D researchers

Need to increase gradually the portion of R&D expenditure for university

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Hanyang Univ.

Conclusion

Enterprise : The portion of 74 percent on total R&D expenditure The portion of 59 percent on total R&D researcher The portion of 6 percent on total doctor-grade R&D researchers

Need to create a policy to induce the entry of high-quality human resources in enterprise.

Requiring improvement on better outcome in spite of comparably high budget on R&D in Korea.

Requiring demand-oriented policy to solidify of national R&D business.

Requiring, in universities, revitalization of demand-oriented basic study and connection to highly rated human resources.

To reason doctorial researchers concentration on university : The difference between satisfaction and compensation system in research activities of linking education and research institute

-The stability of an occupation- The discrepancy between social ladder and compensation system

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النظر بعيد سياسة تعليم يكون ان وينبغي

교육 백년지 대계

敎育 百年之大計

Education should be a farsighted policy!!

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Thank you for your attentions!!!

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