Global History Review REVOLUTION
Dec 18, 2015
Global History Review
REVOLUTION
Map of Political Revolutions
Russia
Germany
France
Spanish colonies
In America
Mexico
British colonies In America
Timeline for the Age of Reason
1550 1575 1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800
Science
Politics
Cop
erni
cus
Galileo DescartesIsaac
Newton
JohnLocke
Mon
tesq
uieu
Rou
ssea
u Voltaire
Political Revolutions
II. The Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution: A change in the way people looked for answers to life’s questions
Age of Reason: A time of REASON, not faith
Scientific Method
Process of experimentation and observation
Geocentric Theory
Everything revolves around the EarthSupported by Catholic Church
Heliocentric Theory
All planets revolve around the sunProven with telescopeWent against Church
Great Scientists of the Scientific Revolution
Name What they did Effects on Society
Copernicus
Galileo
Newton
Descartes
Sun-centered universe
(heliocentric)
Could not prove his theory
Proved heliocentric theory
Proved Church was wrong
Theory of GravityIdea that “natural
laws” exist
Used reasoning instead of faith to
find answers
Scientific method & Age of Reason
III. The Enlightenment Name Ideas
John Locke
Montesquieu
Rousseau
Voltaire
All people have natural rightsGov’t should protect rights or else
ppl should overthrow it
3 branches of gov’t
Social contractMajority Rule
*Freedom of speech!
Enlightened Despots
Absolute monarchs who used their Power for the good of the people
IV. Impact of the Enlightenment
Common people became aware that they had RIGHTS!
Enlightenment inspired POLITICAL REFORM & REVOLUTIONS!
Political Revolutions
The 3 Political Revolutions we will study about:
AmericanFrenchLatin American
V. American Revolution
Cross it out!
VI. French Revolution
When: 1780s and 1790s
Where: France
Goal: New gov’t to protect the ppl
Causes of the French Revolution
Unfair social class system
1st EstateClergy
.5%
2nd EstateNobles
1.5%
3rd EstateMiddle Class (Bourgeoisie)
Common ppl, Peasants
98%
Enjoyed all the privileges
Paid allthe
TAXES
How would you feel is you were paying taxes so the queen could act like this…
Causes of the French Revolution
Economic problems (starvation of poor!)
Enlightenment ideas (ppl realize they have
rights!)
American Revolution (ppl see it is possible to
change their gov’t)
Important Concepts of the French RevBASTILLE
French prison stormed by peasantsStart of Revolution – Bastille Day! July
14th
Estates-General
Like Congress – makes laws
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Like the Declaration of Independence
Ended special privileges for 1st and 2nd estates
Radicals (Jacobins)
Want huge change immediately – use violence
Led by Robespierre
Reign of Terror
Began with beheading of Louis XVI
Tens of thousands killed without real trials
The Directory
Moderate gov’t after Reign of TerrorWeak and inefficient
Napoleon
(Russia)
Song?
VI. Revolutions in Latin America
When: Early 1800s
Where: Spanish colonies in America
Goal: Freedom from Spanish control
Causes of Revolutions in Latin America
Spanish controlAmerican and French revolutions showed
you could overthrow European rule
Simon Bolivar
Great revolutionary leader against the Spanish in Latin America
Used NATIONALISM (feeling pride as a group)
Results of Revolutions in Latin America
Spain gave up its colonies in Latin America
New nations were created
Essential Questions
1. How did the Scientific Revolution help prepare the way for the Enlightenment?Showed Church was wrong, established Age of Reason and natural laws
2. How did Europeans try to apply the ideas of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment to society?Natural laws mean natural rights exist
Essential Questions
3. Why was the American Revolution an important turning point in global history?First time ppl used Enlightenment ideas to overthrow monarchy – inspired others
4. What changes in political thinking were brought about by the French Revolution?Old monarchy – absolutism – divine rightNew ideas democracy – people’s rights
5. Compare and contrast the short term and long term results of these political revolutions:
Revolution
Short term Long term
American
French
Latin American
Broke from BritishGot independence
Overthrew king, got independence
Broke from SpainGot independence
SuccessfulStill around today
NOT successfulMonarchy returned
NOT successfulWealthy benefitedPoor still suffered