Global Economy Global Economy and and Global Global Warming Warming Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol •Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering •CLiMMATe Lab Director (Cloud Microwave Measurements of ATmospheric Event) • UPRM-PI for the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) February 22, 2007
Global Economy and Global Warming. Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering CLiMMATe Lab Director (Cloud Microwave Measurements of ATmospheric Event) UPRM-PI for the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA) February 22, 2007. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Global Economy Global Economy and and Global Global WarmingWarming
Dr. Sandra Cruz-Pol•Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering•CLiMMATe Lab Director (Cloud Microwave Measurements of ATmospheric Event) • UPRM-PI for the Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA)
– Arid conditions, high transport cost, isolation, mountain ranges, lack of navigable rivers, disease, climate
• Cultural Barriers– Role of women, ethic minorities, education
• Geopolitics: war, trade barriers, sanctions, debt• Lack of technology• Closed market=>Countries too poor to develop=>Need $ to hop onto 1st step of economic ladder
Why did England Why did England flourished?flourished?
1. Open market 2. Island- used to navigation, trading3. Technology- coal, steam engine4. Weather – not prompt for disease,
Certain conditions helped these 2 countries flourish economically. Usually Green Revolution follows technological growth.
• IndiaIndia: invested in education; Indian Institutes of Technology, now paying off; now a world IT leader.– Was an English colony until 1947. – Began economic reforms in 1991 (Open Market)
China & India…China & India…
• ChinaChina: growing economic rate (9%!) in the World, after it opened to global trading.– Ancient civilization. Past technology leader, until
1400’s. – 1434 Ming emperor closes international trade,
dismantled world’s largest fleet of ocean vessels.– Japan invasion 1937. Mao Tse-tung 1949- 1976.– Market reforms began 1978.
***Global Warming: coal , oil…
Why is Africa an Why is Africa an exception?exception?
Too much Corruption
Laziness of people
+Sexually active: AIDS
Bad land-use
---------------------------------Myth#1: Truth: Less corrupted
----------------------------------Myth#3 Truth: Equal or less
-----------------------Myth#4 Truth: Global warming
Lake ChadLake Chad• Was the 6th largest
lake in the World!• A study by U.
Wisconsin-Madison and NASA's EOS, the lake is now 1/20th of the size it was 35 years ago.
• W. Africa (Chad, Niger, Nigeria, & Cameroon), the region has suffered from an increasingly dry climate, experiencing decline in rain since early 1960s.
We are causing Extreme poverty in Africa due to our emissions which accounts for 25% of all world emissions compared to Africa’s 3%.
Why is Africa an Why is Africa an exception?exception?
• Geography– Disease prompt weather: malaria– Vast regions with no navigable rivers– Sparsely populated– Lack of infrastructure: roads, bridges, etc.– Lack of health systems
• Years of exploitation • Political reasons; frontiers set by Europeans,• Huge external debt• Global warming due to developed world emissions
We can banish extreme We can banish extreme poverty ,poverty ,
• “ yet 8 million people die each year because they are too poor to survive.” , J.Sachs, The End of Poverty
With only $70/person/year for 5 years, we can help poor countries be self-sustained! ($0.21 daily)
– Currently, U.S. gives ~$15/pp/yr.
World's governments committed to provide 0.7% of rich-countries' gross domestic product (GDP) to Official Development Assistance. First pledged 35 years ago in a 1970 General Assembly Resolution, … has been affirmed many times over the years, including the 2002 Monterrey Consensus.
CharitiesCharities help provide help provide the basics: the basics: foodfoodmedicinesmedicinesvaccinesvaccineseducationeducation shelter shelterclean waterclean water
Extreme povertyExtreme poverty
UN Millennium Project GOALS:(www.unmillenniumproject.org)– Half extreme poverty by 2015– Aims to end extreme poverty by 2025
• What is extreme poverty?
• Versus relative poverty?
MP Goals:MP Goals:
Significant progress:1990 – 2002 • Average overall incomes increased
by ~ 21 percent. • The # of people in extreme poverty
declined by an estimated 130 million.
• Child mortality rates fell from 103 to 88 deaths per 1,000 live births a year.
• Life expectancy rose from 63 to 65 years.
• An additional 8% of the developing world's people received access to water.
• And an additional 15% acquired access to improved sanitation services.
Why bother?Why bother?
Less poor abroad means more poor here.• “Hard evidence has established strong linkages between
extreme poverty abroad and the threats to national security.”
• Better global economy provides new technologies developed in a diverse world. More products for everyone.
“Eliminating extreme poverty is a global responsibility that will have global benefits”
• Money spent on war instead could go to help the poor be self-sustained, to new technologies to stop global warming.
Patagonia (Argentina)Patagonia (Argentina)Longest Glacier in S.A.Longest Glacier in S.A.
1928
2004
Costa RicaCosta Rica
First official lost species due to Global warming: golden toad
Female Male
HurricanesHurricanes
• 10 hottest years ever, occurred in the last 14 yrs.• Hottest of all time, 2006.• 2004 1st hurricane ever in the S. Altantic Ocean• 2005 highest # of hurricanes,
– most intense, 6 Greek letters
• 2005 Wilma strongest hurricane ever recorded AOThen…• 2006 Monica strongest hurricane ever recorded
• Luckily, this year, El Niño decreases # hurricanes
Potential Flooding in PRPotential Flooding in PR
Icebergs with caves = Icebergs with caves = broken food chainbroken food chain
60% of krill population killed because of this.
Krill are small shrimp-like crustaceans zooplankton, food for baleen whales, mantas, whale sharks, seals, and a few seabird species
Worst case scenario: Worst case scenario: abrupt changeabrupt changeIPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)Climate Change)
Due to change in salinity, if Artic keeps melting, this current could stop, creating a small ice age in Europe and North America.
On top of this…On top of this…
New blooming economies want to live their own version of the
“American Dream”.
Example: in China, the traditional bicycle lane was closed to lay way to an extra automobile lane. India is now also flourishing economically and greatly increasing their CO2 emissions.
Tardó TODA la historia de la humanidad para llegar a 1,000 millones en 1800.
Crecimiento Población Mundial
2000
1987
1975
1960
1930
1800
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10,000 BC 5,000 BC Year 0 1000 2000
X m
il m
illon
es
Also Political IssuesAlso Political Issues
• Oil industry interests, – Lobbyists
• Governments covering up scientific evidence – (e.g. NASA climatologist, Jim Hansen)
• Real cost of Nuclear energy – versus cost of clean energy like solar or wind– Health hazards, radioactive waste deposit
Potential SolutionsPotential Solutions
Reduce CO2 emissions:• Reduce energy consumption • Alternative green power: solar, wind, biofuels,…• Reforestation• Increase fuel efficiency; e.g. fuel cell, hybrid carsScientific propositions:• CO2 sequestration • Inject sulfur in stratosphere• Distribute iron oxide to SA oceanEmission trading- Kyoto Protocol:• Signed by 135 nations to reduce emissions. • Not signed by U.S. or Australia!, the 2 nations with the
highest emissions.
Economic advantageEconomic advantage
• Advantage will go to countries that take the leadership to develop renewable energy technologies, green building construction codes, and energy conservation and efficiency.
Auto Sales in US [1st quarter 2006 %change]
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Ford GM Chyrler Toyota Honda
% change in sales
Example:Example: Auto Sales in U.S. Auto Sales in U.S. 20062006
http://advisor.investopedia.com/news/
Eco UrbanaEco Urbana
Solar powered & rainwater filtration system.
The Good News is…The Good News is…
We can make a difference…
We’ve done it before!:We’ve done it before!: Ozone LayerOzone Layer Montreal Protocol's ban Montreal Protocol's ban on CFCson CFCs• For years, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the agents--
contributing to the destruction of the Earth's ozone layer.
• After the Montreal Protocol's ban on CFCs, slightly-more benign HCFCs replaced them..
Ahorra $$$, Ahorra $$$, Salva el Salva el planetaplaneta
Cada vez que utilizamos electricidad o gasolina, incluso agua, estamos enviando emisiones como CO2 a la atmósfera que la calientan aún más.
Los enseres eléctricos aún APAGADOS GASTAN energía
Se llaman Cargas Fantasmas!!
Some examples
Ahorras $5 a $50 al mes si: apagas los enseres (o mejor aún desconéctelos) cuando no los estés usando.
Usa un “power strip” para conectar varios enseres y así los apaga todos a la vez.
Mito vs. Realidad: el prender y apagar enseres, los daña. FALSO! Eso ocurría hace 2 décadas. Desconecta y Ahorra!