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Get a new bell work paper.

World History

Bell Work Week 15: Monday 04.26.15

▪ Respond to the following in complete sentences in the space for Monday on your bell work paper.

▪ In your opinion, when is it appropriate for people to take part in a political revolution?

Unit 9: Enlightenment and RevolutionChart of Enlightened ThinkersReading Summary 17.2DefinitionsSummary 17.3TimelineNotesReading Summary 18.1Notes: French RevolutionReading Summary 18.2NotesReading Summary 18.3Reading Summary 18.4 Notes Napoleon

Unit 9: Enlightenment and Revolution Reading Summary 18.4

Notes: NapoleonTerms

Table of Contents

Essential QuestionWhat were the causes and effects of Napoleon’s rise to power?

• How did Napoleon rise to power and why did the French strongly support him?

• How did Napoleon build an empire and what challenges did the empire face?

• What events led to Napoleon’s downfall?

• How did the Congress of Vienna try to create a lasting peace?

Topical Questions

Text Marking:

Read Silently.

Under the main idea.

Circle Vocabulary words.

Annotate in the margin

Once you have read the summary and marked the text, answer the questions.

Name Class Date

The final phase of the revolution is known as the Age of Napoleon. When the revolution first broke out, Napoleon Bonaparte was a young lieutenant. Battle victories fueled his ambitions and his rise through army ranks. By 1804, Napoleon had acquired enough power to assume the title Emperor of the French. At each step on his rise to power, Napoleon had held a plebiscite. However, he still had absolute power, although he was elected.

Napoleon consolidated his power by strengthening the central government. His economic and social reforms won support across classes. Among his most lasting reforms was the Napoleonic Code. This new code of laws embodied Enlightenment principles of equal- ity, religious tolerance, and the abolition of feudalism.

From 1804 to 1812, Napoleon battled the European powers and created a vast French empire. A brilliant general, before each battle Napoleon developed a new plan. In this way, opposing generals could never anticipate what he would do next. He rarely lost. Napoleon annexed the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany to build his Grand Empire. However, Britain remained outside Napoleon’s grasp. His attempt to wage economic warfare against Britain through the Continental System failed. Many Europeans resented the scarcity of goods. Growing nationalism led to resistance against French influence. In Spain, patriots waged guerrilla warfare against the French.

In 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia with 600,000 soldiers. To avoid battles with Napoleon, the Russians retreated, burning crops and villages as they went. This scorched-earth policy left the French hungry and cold. Most of the Grand Army was destroyed. Fewer than 20,000 soldiers survived. The retreat from Moscow through the long Russian winter shattered Napoleon’s reputation for success.

In 1815, British and Prussian forces crushed the French at the Battle of Waterloo. Napoleon was forced to abdicate. After Waterloo, diplomats met at the Congress of Vienna to restore stability and order in Europe after years of revolution and war. The Congress strived to create a lasting peace through the principle of legitimacy and by maintaining a balance of power. Leaders also met periodically in the Concert of Europe to discuss problems that threatened peace.

Review Questions 1. How did the French respond to Napoleon’s economic and social

reforms?

2. Why did Napoleon’s invasion of Russia fail?

Napoleon Bonaparte

▪Napoleon Bonaparte -military hero who rose quickly through the army.

▪He favored republican rule and the Jacobins.

• Consul for life.

• He crowned himself Emperor.

• Strongly supported by the French people.

When Napoleon helped create the Consulate, he became First Consul.

• Controlled prices

• Encouraged industry

• Built roads and canals

• Set up public schools

Napoleon restored order and prosperity and strengthened the central government. He:

Napoleonic Code•Equality of all male citizens before the law•Religious toleration•Abolition of feudalism

• Enlightenment principles.

• But women lost most of their rights of citizenship.

His most lasting reform was the Napoleonic Code.

• Annexed most of Europe. Except for Britain and Russia.

• He placed his own relatives on some European thrones.

From 1804 to 1812, Napoleon successfully battled most of Europe and created an empire.

• Napoleon then imposed the Continental System to close European ports to British goods.

• Began to be seen as an oppressor.

• Occupied countries created revolts and patriotic resistance through guerrilla warfare.

Waged Economic Warfare against Britain.

Russian army used a scorched-earth policy.

Napoleon’s disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.

Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and Louis XVIII was recognized as king of France.

.

Napoleon’s return to power lasted only 100 days.

• Crushing blow at the Battle of Waterloo in Belgium

• Napoleon was forced to abdicate a second and final time.

• The final defeat and exile of Napoleon ended the period of the French Revolution.

Within France Abroad• Created Napoleonic

Code• Expanded suffrage• Ensured rights to

property and education for more citizens

• Failed to make Europe into a French empire

• Sparked nationalist feelings across Europe

• Created a new Germany• Sold the Louisiana Territory

and doubled the size of the United States

Napoleon’s legacy affected not only France, but the rest of Europe and the Americas.

• Create a balance of power

• Protect the system of monarchy

• Prevent French expansion

Their chief goal was to create a lasting peace. They wanted to:

After the Battle of Waterloo, diplomats and heads of state at the Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe.

Independent Practice

▪ Complete the map of Europe in the age of Napoleon.

▪ Define the following terms in your spiral:

▪ annex

▪ plebiscite

▪ guerrilla warfare

▪ scorched-earth policy

▪ abdicate