Seminar Nasional ke-3, Fakultas Teknik Geologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, 28 Mei 2016 1 Geothermal Potential and Development in Indonesia Prof. Yusuf L. Henuk, Ph.D 1 and Analiser Halawa 2 1 Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, SUMUT 2 Fakultas Teknologi Mineral, Institut Sains dan Teknologi TD Pardede, Medan, SUMUT Corresponding & Presenting Author 1 : E-mail: [email protected]– Mobile: +62 81353 705862 Abstract Geothermal energy is energy derived from the heat of the earth. The earth’s centre is a dis tance of approximately 4000 miles and is so hot that is molten. Temperatures are understood to be at least 500 o C. Heat from the centre of the centre of the earth conducts outwards and heat up the outer layers of rock called the mantle. When this type of rock melts and becomes molten it is called magma. Magma can reach just below the earths surface. Rain water sometimes seeps down through geological faults lines and cracks becoming super heated by the hot rocks below. Some of this super heated water rises back to the surface of the earth where it emerges as hot springs or even geysers. Sometimes the hot water becomes trapped below the surface as a geothermal reservoir. The rapid increase in fossil-fuel based energy consumption, which is subject to volatility in the world oil market, is the main challenge facing the country’s energy supply. At the same time, growing greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil fuels imposes costs on the economy and society. Geothermal energy provides one solution to these issues. It is a source of clean, renewable and environmentally friendly energy for power generation. Furthermore, as an indigenous and non-tradable energy source, it will enhance the country’s energy security by serving as a natural hedge against the fluctuations of global fossil fuel prices. Sitting on the so-called “Pacific ring of fire” with nearly 129 active volcanoes, Indonesia is blessed with enormous geothermal resources. The geothermal energy reserves that have been confirmed span from Sumatra to East Nusa Tenggara have the potential to produce up to 29,000 megawatts of electricity or 40% of the world’s geothermal resources. Half of these potential are found in Java and Bali, the most densely populated islands in Indonesia. The largest potential reserve is in the island of Sumatra, with 5,983 MW, however only 380 MW has been proven. In 2010 The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry has revised the country’s geothermal potential to 29,215 megawatts across 276 spots, a figure equivalent to 12 billion barrels of oil and almost twice the size of Indonesia’s oil reserves. The geothermal energy that is currently being generated in Indonesia totals 4% of this potential figure at 1,200 MW. As a comparison guide the United States currently produces 4,000 MW and the Philippines currently produces 2,500 MW. However, The Government of Indonesia has recognized the role of geothermal energy and has put major efforts into promoting its development with initiatives such as the Roadmap of Geothermal Development 2012–2025, the National Energy Policy 2014, the issuance of a new geothermal tariff in 2014 and the Geothermal Law No. 21 of 2014. The Government of Indonesia is targeting to increase the capacity of geothermal power plant (PLTP) in the next ten years by 300 MW per year. Based on the roadmap of geothermal development power plants, it is expected to reach 12,000 MW by 2025. A total of 58 geothermal working area (GWA) in Indonesia with seven existing geothermal fields already in operation: (1) Sibayak (12 MW), (2) Salak (337 MW), (3) Puppet Hindu ( 227 MW), (4) Darajat (270 MW), (5) Kamojang (220 MW), (6) Dieng (60 MW), and (7) Lahendong (80 MW). The conclusion is the geothermal energy that is currently being generated in Indonesia totals 4% of this potential figure at 1,200 MW. As a comparison guide the United States currently produces 4,000 MW and the Philippines currently produces 2,500 MW. Indonesia’s potential is 40% of the world’s geothermal resources. If it is used for 30 years, it would be equivalent to 1 2 billion barrels of oil to operate power plants and almost twice the size of Indonesia’s oil reserves. The potential use of new renewable energy geothermal abundant buried deep in the bowels of the earth Indonesia should be used due to hidden or unexpected (a blessing in disguise) for the welfare of all the people of Indonesia. Key words: Geothermal Energy, Potential, Development, Indonesia
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Geothermal Potential and Development in Indonesia · In 1926, five test borings were drilled in Java's Kawah Kamojang field (Figure 2b), the third being the first that was successful
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Seminar Nasional ke-3, Fakultas Teknik Geologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, 28 Mei 2016
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Geothermal Potential and Development in Indonesia
Prof. Yusuf L. Henuk, Ph.D1 and Analiser Halawa
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1Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, SUMUT
2Fakultas Teknologi Mineral, Institut Sains dan Teknologi TD