GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES OF JAISALMER DISTRICT Jaisalmer, the largest district of the state (38,401 sq. km. area) is situated in the north- western part of Rajasthan between 26 0 0 01 ' to 28 0 3 ' north latitude and 69 0 30 ' to 72 0 20 ' east longitute. Jaisalmer distt. is girdled by Barmer in the south, Jodhpur in the east and Bikaner in north-east. The western boundary of the district is a part of Indo-Pak international border. The district head quarter Jaisalmer is linked from Bikaner (330km.) and Barmer (153 km) by National Highway No. 15 and also connected from Jodhpur by road (285 km) as well as broadgauge rail line (297 km) via pokaran. There is a small airport at Jaisalmer and chartered air service operates from here. Jaisalmer has only two tehsils viz (1) Jaisalmer (2) Pokaran and it is amongst the least populous district. The lowest density of 9 persons/sq.km. is recorded for the district. Jaisalmer is known the world over for its rich cultural heritage, the golden fort, beautiful artifacts and and handicrafts, splendour of its architecture, colourful dresses, music and hospitality of its people. Jaisalmer was founded by king Jaisal or Jaisa. The word "Jaisalmer" is said to have been derived from a combination of words- "Jaisal and Meru"- a local name for Jaisal's fort. Jaisalmer or the Goldencity as it is now called is famous for its fort and the stone carving in the old Havelies, which are now famous world over. In the recent past it has become a major tourist attraction. At Akal about 15 kms form Jaisalmer is the wood fossil park where wood fossils about 180 million years old can be seen. The general shape of the district is of an irregular polygon of seven sides. In general the district enjoys plain topography without any plateau or hills. The areas is a sandy plain with a few rocky patches and many sand dunes. Being a part of the great Thar desert, the area is sandy, dry and ill watered, unkind to all forms of life (animal & plant). The entire area is barren and dreary, the only variation in the land scape being a few hillocks and sand dunes. The land covered by the district slopes towards the Indus valley Rann of Kutch. In the vicinity of Jaisalmer town the sand is stony containing numerous rocky ridges & hard undulating plains formed of limestone and sand stone. There is no single perennial river in the district. However with the construction of Indira Gandhi canal the northern part of the district has become green & irrigated.
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Geology and Minerals in Jaisalmer disstt.rajasthan
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GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES OF
JAISALMER DISTRICT
Jaisalmer, the largest district of the state (38,401 sq. km. area) is situated in the north-
western part of Rajasthan between 2600 01' to 2803' north latitude and 69030' to 72020' east longitute.
Jaisalmer distt. is girdled by Barmer in the south, Jodhpur in the east and Bikaner in north-east. The
western boundary of the district is a part of Indo-Pak international border. The district head quarter
Jaisalmer is linked from Bikaner (330km.) and Barmer (153 km) by National Highway No. 15 and also
connected from Jodhpur by road (285 km) as well as broadgauge rail line (297 km) via pokaran. There is
a small airport at Jaisalmer and chartered air service operates from here.
Jaisalmer has only two tehsils viz (1) Jaisalmer (2) Pokaran and it is amongst the least populous district.
The lowest density of 9 persons/sq.km. is recorded for the district.
Jaisalmer is known the world over for its rich cultural heritage, the golden fort, beautiful artifacts and
and handicrafts, splendour of its architecture, colourful dresses, music and hospitality of its people.
Jaisalmer was founded by king Jaisal or Jaisa. The word "Jaisalmer" is said to have been derived from a
combination of words- "Jaisal and Meru"- a local name for Jaisal's fort.
Jaisalmer or the Goldencity as it is now called is famous for its fort and the stone carving in the old
Havelies, which are now famous world over. In the recent past it has become a major tourist attraction.
At Akal about 15 kms form Jaisalmer is the wood fossil park where wood fossils about 180 million
years old can be seen.
The general shape of the district is of an irregular polygon of seven sides. In general the district enjoys
plain topography without any plateau or hills. The areas is a sandy plain with a few rocky patches and
many sand dunes. Being a part of the great Thar desert, the area is sandy, dry and ill watered, unkind to
all forms of life (animal & plant). The entire area is barren and dreary, the only variation in the land
scape being a few hillocks and sand dunes. The land covered by the district slopes towards the Indus
valley Rann of Kutch. In the vicinity of Jaisalmer town the sand is stony containing numerous rocky
ridges & hard undulating plains formed of limestone and sand stone. There is no single perennial river in
the district. However with the construction of Indira Gandhi canal the northern part of the district has
become green & irrigated.
The water table in The district is very deep in absence of perennial streams. The depth varies form 38 to
46 mts. some ground water potential areas have been identified in different formations where tubewells
can be drilled.
Geology
Jaisalmer basin defined as NW slope of Indian peninsular shield which deepens Mari, Sui, and Quetta
in Pakistan. Jaisalmer basin is one of the largest basins of India which encompasses an area of 30,000
sq. kms. It is bounded in the north by the sub- surface Delhi-Sargodha ridge and to the east by western
flank of Aravalli mountain, to the south by two prominent uplifted blocks viz the Birmania- Barmer,
Nagar, Parkar, Arch and the Saurasthra Peninsula.
The basement rocks are the Metamorphites, Granites, and Rhyolites which are exposed near Birmania.
they are unconformably overlain by dolomitic limestone, shale and sandstone of the Marwar
Supergroup. Resting over these with unconformity are the Jurassic rocks made up of the Lathi formation
(sandstone, grit and veriegated shales with plant fossils), Jaisalmar formation (predominantly
fossiliferous limestone), Baisakhi formation (Siltstone, Shale and Sandstone with intercalations of
gypseous and bentonitic clays represent first marine transgression) and Bedesar formation (sandstone,
limestone and shales). These are followed by rocks of the Cretaceous system represented by
fossiliferous limestone and feldspathic sandstone and grit. (Habur formation represents second marine
transgression on the surface during cretaceous while in the subsurface this this is represented by the
Goru and the Parh formation).
Lower to middle Palaeocene represented by Sanu formation which consists of unconsolidated,highly
current bedded reddish, gluconitic sandstone and silty sandstone.
Upper Palaeocene to lower Eocene represented by Khuiala formation consists of limestone bouldary
bedded, fossiliferous Limestone, clays and shales, The Khuiala limestone (Yoresian) having a total
thickness of 100m. overlains the sonu sandstone is underlain by the Bandha limestone (Lutetian) of
75m. compacted thickness. This forms the close of the sedimentary cycle in Jaisalmer Basin.
The Sanu formation (Lower to Middle palaeocene) represents regression of the sea but the upper part of
Sanu and subsequent Khuiala (Upper Palaeocene to Yoresian) and Bandha (Lutetion) formation
represent the third marine transgression. There after marine conditions appear to have completely
receded from the Jaisalmer basin. Thus Mesozoic and tertiary sequences in the basin represent a typical
shelf zone sedimentation of orthoquartzite-limestone association resting on a peneplained Precambrian
surface. the Lathi, Jaisalmer, Baisakhi-Bedesar, Parihar, Ukra and Abur beds respectively are
correlatable to Patcham, Vhari, Katrol Umia and of Kutch shelf. A generalised stratigraphic succession
of the various lithounits occurring in Jaisalmer basin is as follows:
Age Formation Lithounits
Sub-Recent Secondary soil and pebbles Aeolian Sand and Kankar
Late Pleistocene Glacial deposit Glacial pebbles
Upper and Mid Eocene Bandha formation Gypseferous, sub bentonite
shales, marls, foramineferal
limestone.(Bandah,Joga, Bakri,
Tebba, Habib)
Lower Eocene to Khuiala formation Hard compact fossiliferous