GEOL 440 Sedimentology and stratigraphy: processes, environments and deposits Jim Best and Bruce Fouke MWF: Lectures F: Laboratory Class Lecture 1: Scope, assessment and structure of course; Introduction to Sedimentology and Basic Definitions: uses and applications of Sedimentology.
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GEOL 440 Sedimentology and stratigraphy:
processes, environments and deposits
Jim Bestand
Bruce Fouke
MWF: LecturesF: Laboratory Class
Lecture 1: Scope, assessment and structure of course; Introduction to Sedimentologyand Basic Definitions: uses and applications of Sedimentology.
•What is this course about?• How do I get the most out of this
course?
The purpose of this course is to provide an integrated overview of the sciences of sedimentology and
stratigraphy. State-of-the-art analytical tools will be integrated with the latest theoretical concepts on
deposition and diagenesis to provide a comprehensive answer to the questions "What is the origin of a sedimentary rock?" and “How can the study of sedimentary processes help us better understand ancient environments and manage
modern environmental change”.
Course materials and textbooks
Handout -course outline
Handouts/lecture notes
Other texts and journal papers……
essential
Course materials and textbooks
Use Boggs for parts of course
Assessment•Types
•Deadlines•Curves
Questions?
Any previous knowledge of sedimentology?
THE KEY - PROCESSES
A general approach…..
1) Present is the key to the past (yes, but lets discuss!)2) Observe the ancient3) Do the inverse problem
techniques
interregional mappingseismic imaging
seismic imagingregional mappingwell correlation
local mappingoutcrop/core studiesfacies analysisthin sections
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Siliciclastic
Biogenic, biochemical& organic
Chemicalsediments
conglomerates and breccias,sandstones and mudrocks
limestones (& dolomites),cherts,
phosphates & coals
evaporites,ironstones
ignimbrites, tuffs,debris flowsVolcaniclastic
Some examples of sedimentary environments & rocks
think about how we can best interpret the depositional environment
from the rock record
(i.e. what do we need to know as a sedimentary forensic scientist!)
Source
Sink
fluvial transport
landslides
glacialerosion
fjords
shoreline
Stratigraphy
shelf break
fans
abyssal plainsor basin floor
openslopes
deltaic & estuarinetrapping
tidewater
glacial runoffstreams
floodplainsprimary
productivity
Coral reefs
weathering
hillslopeerosion
shelf
Sedimentary environments: the framework
Source
Sink
Sedimentary environmentsLets take a tour around some modern
environments & their ancient equivalents.
Deserts
Algeria
Deserts
aeolian dunes
capped by basalt
TheNamib Desert
Rivers
Rakaia River, NZ
c.5 km
Rivers
• modern process• ancient product
The joining of thePadma & MeghnaRivers, Bangladesh.