Geographies of diversity in Leicestershire Summary • The ethnic minority population, as measured by non-white residents, increased between 1991 and 2011 by 34,000 in Leicestershire and 79,000 in Leicester City. • Despite this growth, the White British ethnic group, only measured since 2001, accounted for 89% and 45% of the population of Leicestershire and Leicester City. • Indian is the largest ethnic minority group in Leicestershire (4%) and Leicester City (28%). The group is clustered in the eastern parts of the city in the wards of Latimer, Belgrave, Spinney Hills, Rushey Mead and Coleman. • The second largest ethnic minority group is White Other, which has grown rapidly during the 2000s in Leicester City (growth of 160%) and in Leicestershire (growth of 57%). • The African ethnic group has grown faster than any other comparable group during the past two decades, but accounts for less than 10% of the population in all wards in Leicestershire and Leicester City. • There is evidence of dispersal of ethnic minority groups from areas in which they have previously clustered. • The Indian group is growing most rapidly in areas neighbouring those in which they are most clustered in Leicester, including Humberstone; and in some rural parts of the County, including Great Glen and Houghton on the Hill. • New measures in the 2011 Census show that Leicestershire and Leicester City are not becoming less British, as more people report a British national identity than report White British ethnic identity. • Poor English language proficiency is greatest in those areas where ethnic minorities are most clustered. This may reflect a difficulty that a small minority of residents will face in participating in the wider community. 2% 3% 96% (includes White Other) 93% 89% 2% 3% 4% 1% 2% 4% 1991 2001 2011 White Other* White Brish Indian Other ethnic groups Total populaon - 650,500 Total populaon - 610,300 Total populaon - 573,300 3% 5% 70% (includes White Other) 61% 45% 23% 26% 28% 7% 10% 21% 1991 2001 2011 White Other* White Brish Indian Other ethnic groups Total populaon - 329,800 Total populaon - 282,800 Total populaon - 281,500 Figure 1. Increased ethnic diversity, 1991-2011 Notes: White Other includes White Irish in 2001 (4,100 or 0.7%) and White Irish (3,500 or 0.5%) and White Gypsy or Irish Traveller (400 or 0.1%) in 2011. Figures may not add due to rounding. Notes: White Other includes White Irish in 2001 (3,600 or 1.3%) and White Irish (2,500 or 0.8%) and White Gypsy or Irish Traveller (400 or 0.1%) in 2011. Figures may not add due to rounding. a) Leicestershire b) Leicester City LOCAL DYNAMICS OF DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2011 CENSUS Prepared by ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE) OCTOBER 2013 1 www.ethnicity.ac.uk
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Geographies of diversity in Leicestershirehummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/code/... · diversity in Leicestershire Figure 3. Growth in population by largest ethnic groups Leicestershire
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Geographies of diversity in LeicestershireSummary•The ethnic minority population, as measured by
non-white residents, increased between 1991 and 2011 by 34,000 in Leicestershire and 79,000 in Leicester City.
•New measures in the 2011 Census show that Leicestershire and Leicester City are not becoming less British, as more people report a British national identity than report White British ethnic identity.
LOCAL DYNAMICS OF DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2011 CENSUSPrepared by ESRC Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity (CoDE)OCTOBER 2013
1 www.ethnicity.ac.uk
The growth of ethnic diversity 1991-2011Theethnicminoritypopulation(ornon-whitepopulation)increasedby34thousandor160%inLeicestershireandby79thousandor94%inLeicesterCitybetween1991and2011(seeFigures1a-1b,Page1).Despitethisgrowth,theWhiteBritishethnicgroup,onlymeasuredsince2001(seebox,right),remainsbyfarthelargestgroupintheCityandtheCounty.InLeicesterCity,nooneethnicgroupisinthemajority.TheWhiteBritish(45%)andIndian(28%)arethelargestethnicgroups.Theremainderofthepopulationcomprisesadiversemixofethnicgroups,includingWhiteOther(5%),AsianOther(4%),African(4%)andPakistani(2%).InLeicestershire,theWhiteBritishethnicgroupaccountsforalmostnine-tenthsofthepopulation.ThelargestethnicminoritygroupisIndian,accountingfor4%ofthepopulationin2011.
Census ethnic group questionTherehasbeenaquestiononethnicityintheUKCensussince1991.Thequestionhaschangedovertimeintermsofhowitisframedandthepre-definedresponsecategoriesofferedforpeopletochoosefrom.In1991,thecensusasked‘whichethnicgroupdoyoudescendfrom:White;Black-Caribbean;Black-African;Black-Other;Indian;Pakistani;BangladeshiandChinese.’Butin2001,itaskedabout‘yourethnicgroupintermsofculturalbackground.’Therewereadditionalpre-definedcategoriesofMixedandWhiteIrishin2001aswellasan‘Other’categoryforeachbroadgroupofWhite,Mixed,AsianandBlack.The2011questionchangedagain,simplyaskingabout‘yourethnicgrouporbackground’andtherewerecategoriesaddedforWhiteGypsyorIrishTravellerandArab.Thechangesinthephrasingofthequestionandthetickboxresponsecategoriesrestrictcomparisonacrosscensuses.
Geographical spread of diversityFigures2a-2dshowtheclusteringofthelargestethnicminoritygroupsinLeicestershireandLeicesterCitybywardin2011.TheIndianethnicgroupisclusteredinwardsinandaroundtheeastofLeicesterCity(seeFigure2a,Page2).MorethanhalfthepopulationinthewardsofLatimer(79%),Belgrave(65%),SpinneyHills(60%),RusheyMead(54%)andColeman(54%)haveanIndianethnicidentity.InLeicestershire,morethanafifthofthepopulationhaveanIndianethnicidentityinthewardsofOadbyUplands(44%),OadbyWoodlands(38%),OadbyGrange(33%),OadbyBrocksHill(29%)andThurmaston(23%).
Dispersal of ethnic diversityAlthoughethnicminoritygroupsareclusteredinLeicesterCitywardsandotherselectedwardsinLeicestershire,thereisevidenceofdispersaltowardssuburbanandruralareas.ThisisshowninFigure3,whichhighlightsthepercentagechange(2001-2011)inthepopulationofthelargestethnicminoritygroupsinLeicestershirewardsandLeicesterCitywardswheretheyaremostclustered(thosethatcontainedafifthofthepopulationofeachgroupin2001),andthepercentagechangeineachgroupinallotherlessclusteredwards.
Indicators of barriers to community participationEthnicidentitydoesnotprovideaclearindicationoftheassistancesomepeoplewillrequirefromlocalauthorityservicestoparticipateinthecommunitiestheysettlebecausemanyethnicminorityresidentswillhavebeenbornintheUKorhavelivedhereformanyyears.Indeed,Britishnessismultiethnic,asinformationfirstavailableinthe2011Censustellsus:ineachandeverywardinLeicestershireandLeicesterCitythereisahigherproportionofthepopulationthatreportsaBritishnationalidentitythanreportsaWhiteBritishethnicidentity.The2011Censusprovidesnewinformationaboutnationalidentity,yearofarrivalofpeoplebornabroadandEnglishlanguageproficiency.
Incompleteness of ethnic group data 1991-2001Non-response(undercount)isthoughttohavebeenwell-estimatedwithinthe2011Census,butincompletelyestimatedin1991and2001.Non-responseisconcentratedinsomeethnicgroups.Ifthisbiasisnottakenintoaccount,comparisonsofpopulationcanbemisleading.Inthisbriefingwehaveusedthecompleteestimatesfor1991and2001availablefromtheUKDataArchive.