The Lithosphere of Earth Igneous Processes and Volcanic Activity 1. Why study? • Thermal state • Thermal history • Composition of interior • Geothermal / Hazards • Comparative planetology 2. Volcanism and plate boundaries • Divergent - Continental breakup (Flood basalts) - Mid-ocean ridge • Convergent - Domes, flows, explosive, composite volcanoes • Intraplate Volcanism - Strombolian style - Hawaiian style
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The Lithosphere of Earth Igneous Processes and Volcanic Activity
1. Why study?• Thermal state• Thermal history• Composition of interior• Geothermal / Hazards• Comparative planetology
2. Volcanism and plate boundaries• Divergent
- Continental breakup (Flood basalts)- Mid-ocean ridge
• Convergent- Domes, flows, explosive, composite volcanoes
• Intraplate Volcanism- Strombolian style- Hawaiian style
The Lithosphere of Earth - Volcanism
Strombolian
Hawaiian Plinian
Volcanic Styles
Strombolian Activity
Hawaiian Activity
Plinian Activity
Dome Growth
Spatter Cone
Bubble Rise Rate > Magma Rise Rate
Cinder Cone
Magma Rise Rate > Gas Rise Rate
Produces turbulent, buoyant cloud,
Rises to great heights
Atmosphere sucked in, heated
Exit velocity high
Low viscosity gas-clast mixture
Pressure greatly exceeds atmospheric pressure
Cloud collapses to pyroclastic flows
Brittle lid
DegassesFracture & Growth
Viscous gas-rich magma
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