generation of computers

PPT

ON COMPUTER GENERATION

Created By –nitinsingh

Generation of computers

First generation of computer.

Second generation computer.

Third generation computer.

Fourth Generation Computer.

fifth Generation Computer.

First generation Second generation

Third generationFourth generation

Fifth generation

First generation of computer(1945-1956)

FIRST-GENERATION COMPUTER (1945-1956) o First-generation computers used vacuum tubes and values as their basic electronic component. They were extremely large in size and reliable. The language used for storing and processing data was machine language.

Some of the first-generation computers are:

ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and calculator) - it was built in 1946 at the university of PENNSYLVANIA, USA by JOHN ECKERT and JOHN MAUCHLY.

EDVAC (electronic discrete variable automatic computer) - developed in 1950

EDVAC (electronic delay storage automatic computer) - it was developed by MV WILIKES at Cambridge University in 1949 Univac-I - The Universal Automatic Computer was USA'S first commercially available computer system. It was delivered in 1951 by the ECKERT-MAUCHLY computer corp.

DisadvantageThe first generation computers have some problems :

They were too bulky.

They emitted large amount of heat as they used lots of vacuum tubes.

Air conditioning was required.

They were prone to frequent failures that’s why they were unreliable.

They were not portable.

Second generation computers.

• In the generation of computers, transistors were used in place of vacuum tubes.

• Transistors are more compact than vacuum tubes as they are made up of semiconductors. They are also more durable than vacuum tubes. Programming languages some of the computers of the second generation are:

• IBM 1620 - Its size was used smaller as compared to the first-generation

computers and it was used mostly for scientific purpose.

• IBM 1401- IT was used for was business application.

• CDC 3600- IT was used for scientific purpose.

(1956-1963)

Second generation computers.

Advantages The advantages that the

second-generation computers had over the first generation computers are:

• They were smaller as compared to first-generation computers.

• They generated less heat.• They took comparatively less

computers time.• They were less prone to

failure.

Disadvantages

The disadvantages that second generation computer had over the first generation commuter are:

• They required Air Conditioning.

• Frequent maintenance was required.

• They were difficult and quite expensive

Third generation computers.

• IN THIRD GENERATION of COMPUTER (1964 — 1971) ,0in the third generation of computers integrated circuits (ics) began to ' be used. These ics were called chips.

• These ics are more compact than a transistor. Single ics has many transistors, registers and capacitors, placed on a single this of silicon. So the computer built of such components became smaller. Some of the computers developed during this period were :

■ IBM- 360- developed by IBM in 1964.

■ PDP - 8- developed by DEC in 1965.

■ PDP- 11 - developed by DEC IN 1970.

■ CRA 1 - developed by CRAY research in 1974.

■ VAX - developed by DEC 1978.

(1964-1971)

ADVANTAGES

• THE advantages that the third-generated computers had over the second-generation computers were:

• They were smaller in size as compared to the second-generation computers.

• They generated less heat.

• They reduced computational time.

• They involved low maintenance cost.

• They were easily portable.

• They were comparatively cheaper.

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1975 ONWARDS)

• Fourth-generation computers used very large integration (VLSI) technology. After the induction of integrated circuits, computers could only get small in size, since hundreds of computers could fit onto one chip. By the 1890s, the use of VLSI technology had squeezed hundreds of thousands of computers onto a single chip. Ultra-large scale integration (ULSI) increased that number to millions. This also helped decrease the price of computers are IBM-PC, Apple macintosh, sun SPARC station etc.

(1975-till now)

ADVANTAGES

• THEY ADVANTAGES OF FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTERS OVER THIRD-GENERATION COMPUTERS ARE:

■ They were cheaper.

■ They had a larger memory and high functional speed.

■ They consumed less power.

■ They generated a negligible amount of heat.

TODAY'S COMPUTER

■ Is classified as fourth generation computers.■ faster, more powerful, tremendous data storage and processing

capacity ■ New brands and models would come out the market almost every

other month. ■ Many clones or imitations of the IBM have become even more

powerful and a lot cheaper.■ Computers became more affordable■ Computers can now be found in homes, schools, offices etc. ■ There has been a tremendous improvement in software technology ■ Different software applications to choose from: word processing,

spreadsheets, database management, games and entertainment.■ Computer subjects are now being offered not just to college students

but even to high school and elementary. ■ Computers are now used as an aid in teaching math, science etc.

Fifth generation(1990,s onwords)

• Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

• • Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

Thank you…

Created by-nitin singh