Generation of computer

Generation of Computers

Presents

The MP1 and MP2 MS PowerPoint

presentation in COMPO 1 Laboratory

Introduction:Introduction:

The History The History of Computerof Computer

The The Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution

The Man: The Man: Charles Charles BabbageBabbage

The AbacusThe Abacus The The

Difference Difference EngineEngine

The The Analytical Analytical EngineEngine

Generation Generation of Computersof Computers

Computer Computer ApplicationApplication

The History:The History:

The history of mankind is a The history of mankind is a history of his tools. If we take a history of his tools. If we take a look at mankind early look at mankind early evolutionary life, we will see evolutionary life, we will see that our ancestors made use of that our ancestors made use of the various things around them the various things around them to ease their work, to make to ease their work, to make themselves tougher and themselves tougher and stronger. From the stone flints stronger. From the stone flints and spears with which they and spears with which they hunted huge mammoths and hunted huge mammoths and fierce bisons, to the iron fierce bisons, to the iron implements that made them implements that made them more efficient and gave them a more efficient and gave them a greater command over their greater command over their environment, can be seen the environment, can be seen the rise to eminence of the human rise to eminence of the human race.race.

The Industrial The Industrial RevolutionRevolution

During this period the During this period the distilled knowledge of the distilled knowledge of the world around us and how world around us and how it works contributed to it works contributed to the creation of many the creation of many things that we take for things that we take for granted nowadays, but granted nowadays, but which make our lives which make our lives more convenient and more convenient and dignifieddignified

The Abacus

•The Ultimate Ancestor of today’s computers

•Use to aid in handling numerical/logical computations.

Charles Babbage

1791-1871

The Father of Computing.

Born on Dec. 26, 1791 in Teignmouth Devonshire UK.

•The one who laid the down the basic ideas for a computing machine.

•Invented the Analytical and Difference Engine.

The Difference Engine•Conceive to perform quick

tabular Calculations.

•An Algorithm that lent itself to the easy creation of a wide range of mathematical Tables.

•The Difference Engine was powered by Steam

The Analytical Engine

•The First Ever Device that can be considered a computer in the modern sense of word.

•The Creation of over 50,000 components. It was utilize I/O media called Jacuard’s punch.

The Analytical Engine

Jacquard’s Punch•Used to lay down thread

arrangement in weaving.

•Is a perforated card that can indicate numerical values

•It used the punch cards for storing operating instructions (“programs”) and would have been able to store around 1,000 numbers of up to 50 decimal places

Computer Generations

First Generation

1940-1956

Vacuum Tubes

Were Based on the use of wired circuits containing vacuum tubes, and which utilized punch cards as the main storage medium.

The ENIAC

Machine Language Mainly Involve the manipulation of bits (1’s or 0’s; yes or no) in order to tell the computer how to operate.

ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL INTEGRATOR AND COMPUTER (ENIAC)

EDVAC- ELECTRONIC DISCRETE VARIABLE AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

Produced through the collaboration of the US Government and the University of Pennsylvania

It consisted of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million soldered joints and occupied a space equal to a small warehouse.

Designed by Von Neumann in 1945. EDVAC is the pioneer in implementing Von Neumann Architecture the Key to Which Central Processing Unit which allow all computer function to be coordinated through a single source.

Second Generation

1956-1963 Second Generation of Computers called Assembly Language. Assembly language essentially replaced the complicated and difficult Binary codes of Machine Language with Easier abbreviated programming codes.

The Third Generation

1964-1971

The Integrated Circuits

During this period, computer Development grew by great strides, marking milestones in miniaturization speed and cost efficiency. Jack Kilby and Rober Noyce was invented the first Integrated Circuits (IC) combined three components onto a small silicon disc made from quartz.

The Fourth Generation

1972-Present

The Micro Processors

The Result of All these is that computer became smaller and smaller yet they became more powerful. Today engineers are able to put millions of transistors in a single chip whose size is less than 1 inch square.

Fourth Generation Computers are Characterized by the application of Advanced Engineering Techniques that allow for Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI)

The Fifth Generation

The Term Fifth Generation as it pertains to computer systems refers to the smart systems, as in Human Smart.

Can Understand Human Speech, can recognize patterns like faces and other complex Images.

The Terms Broadly use are ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (A.I). Expert system and natural Language processing.