Gender-GEDI 2013 and beyond

Vital Voices Seminar - R. Aidis (1-24-14)

The Gender-Global Entrepreneurship

and Development Index

Ruta Aidis, PhDVP Research, GEDI

Senior Fellow, GMU

Sponsored by The Dell Women’s Entrepreneur

Network

Gender-GEDI


Agenda

• Theoretical foundations for the GEDI approach• The GEDI Index• Gender-GEDI 2013– Framework and structure– Overall Results

• Gender-GEDI 2014– Additions and improvements

• Concluding Remarks


• Entrepreneurial performance is driven by a complex dynamic between Attitudes, Aspirations and Activities;

• Activity is embedded in a country’s institutional context, which regulates individual-level actions and outcomes;

• System performance may be held back by ’bottleneck’ factors.Source: Acs, Autio & Szerb (2013)

Attitudes

Aspirations Activities

ProductiveResource Allocation

through Entrepreneurship

National Systems of Entrepreneurship


The Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI)

Individuals + Institutions


But what about

Characteristics

Gendered Access

Gendered Institutions

Attitudes

Social Norms

“Our culture needs to find a robust image of female success that is first, not male, and second, not a white woman on the phone, holding a crying baby,” ― Sheryl Sandberg, Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead


The Gender-GEDI modelInstitutional Foundations

Gendered Institutions

Gendered Access to Resources

Entrepreneurship Culture

High PotentialFemale

EntrepreneurshipCharacteristics


New research perspective: Female entrepreneurship occurs on a continuum

Gender-GEDI focus

Non-entrepreneurs & Not entrepreneurs

Potential & Promisingentrepreneurs

Die-hard entrepreneurs


Gender-GEDI structure3 sub-indices/ 15 pillars/ 30 variables

P15: External Financing• Female Business Investors• Financial Access

P14: Internationalization• Exporting Focus• Globalization

P13: High Growth• Business Gazelles• Female Leadership

P12: Process Innovation• New Technology• R&D Expenditure

Pillar 11: Product Innovation• New Product• Technology Transfer

Sub-index 2:Entrepreneurial Eco-system

Sub-index 1:Entrepreneurial Environment

Sub-index 3:Entrepreneurial Aspirations

Pillar 1: Opportunity Perception• Opportunity Perception• Equal Legal Rights

P2: Start up Skills• Perception of Start up Skills• Higher Education

P9: Competition• Innovativeness• Market Monopolization

P7: Technology Sector• Technology Sector Business• Female Science Graduates

Pillar 6: Opportunity Start up• Opportunity Business• Bus Freedom & Movement

P5: Cultural Support• Entrepreneur Perception• Access to Childcare

P4: Networking• Know an Entrepreneur• Female Internet Users

P3: Willingness and Risk• Willingness to start • Business Risk

P10: Voice & Agency• Entrepreneurship Ratio• Labor Force Ratio

P8: Quality of Human Resources• Highly Educated Owners• SME Support and Training


Gender-GEDI 2013

Measuring High Potential Female Entrepreneurs…

1. Innovative

2. Export oriented

3. Market expanding

…in 17 countries


Results: 17 country pilot study


GDP and Gender-GEDI scores compared

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 700000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

f(x) = 1.07611E-14 x³ − 0.00000000601097 x² + 0.000913663 x + 32.9834339R² = 0.559735477924836

Per capita GDP in international $

Gen

der G

EDI s

core


Gender-GEDI and GEDI Rankings compared

1 United St

ates

3 German

y

5 Mex

ico

7 South Afri

ca

9 Mala

ysia

11 Turke

y

13 Moro

cco

15 Egyp

t

17 Uganda

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

GEDI rank

Gender GEDI rank


Focus: Latin AmericaBrazil and Mexico

1)Opportunity Perception2)Startup Skills

3)Willingness and Risk

4)Networking

5)Cultural Support

6)Opportunity Startup

7)Technology Sector

8) Quality of Human Resources9) Competition

10) Voice and Agency

11) product Innovation

12) Process innovation

13) High Grwoth

14) Internationalization

15) External financing

0

0.5

1

MexicoBrazilUSA


Focus: MENA Egypt, Morocco, Turkey

1)Opportunity Perception2)Startup Skills

3)Willingness and Risk

4)Networking

5)Cultural Support

6)Opportunity Startup

7)Technology Sector

8) Quality of Human Resources9) Competition

10) Voice and Agency

11) Product Innovation

12) Process innovation

13) High Grwoth

14) Internationalization

15) External financing

0

0.5

1

TurkeyMoroccoEgypt


Overall Results

• No silver bullet but multiple strategies; • Female startup education gap should be a

priority for many countries;• Business formalization necessary for

successful scalable enterprises is lacking; • Social norms are a frequently-hidden barrier• Better data is needed.


Percentage of women with formal bank accounts

United States

Australia

Germany

France

Mexico

United Kingdom

South Africa

China

MalaysiaRussi

a

TurkeyJapan

Morocco Brazil

EgyptIndia

Uganda0

20

40

60

80

100

120

84

99 99 97

22

98

5160 63

48

33

97

27

51

7

26

15

Source: World Bank Findex Survey


Disagree with statement: Men make better business executives…

United States

Australia

Germany

France

Mexico

United Kingdom

South Africa

China

Malaysia

Russian Federa...

TurkeyJapan

Morocco Brazil

Egypt, Arab Rep.

India

Uganda0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Percent that disagree with the statement "Men make better business executives than women"

Women Men

Source: World Values Survey (various years)


Access to Capital may be hampered by…

United States

Germany France United Kingdom

China Japan India0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

81.778.7

74.9

83.986.8

97.990.9

Percentage of Men among Top Managers of VC Investment Firms

Source: Gaule & Piacentini (2012)

Gender-GEDI Resources

Resources• www.dell.com/dwen• www.thegedi.org• Linked in group: Gender-GEDI• Twitter: @gendergedi• Blog: http://gendergedi.wordpress.com/Vital Voices Seminar - R. Aidis (1-24-14)

http://www.dell.com/dwen

http://www.thegedi.org/


2014

The tide has shifted

…2014 will be a break out year for women entrepreneurs (Forbes 1/8/14)


Gender GEDI 2014

• Increase coverage to 30 countries;• Refine indicators to increase index relevancy;• Articulate new research perspective;• Utilize estimation techniques for missing values;• Case Study e-book highlighting Gender-GEDI

findings;• 2014 Launch: June 2-4, DWEN, Austin Texas.


Gender-GEDI 2014: 30 countries1. Australia2. Bangladesh3. Brazil4. Chile5. China6. Egypt7. France8. Ghana9. Germany10. India11. Jamaica

12. Japan13. Korea, rep.14. Malaysia15. Mexico16. Morocco17. Nigeria18. Pakistan19. Panama20. Peru21. Poland22. Russia

23. South Africa24. Spain25. Sweden26. Thailand27. Turkey28. Uganda29. United Kingdom30. United States


Regional Coverage• Africa (4): Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda• East Asia/Pacific (6): Australia, China, Japan, Korea, Rep.,

Malaysia, Thailand• EU Europe (6): France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden,

United Kingdom• Eurasia (1): Russia• Latin America & Caribbean (6): Brazil, Chile, Jamaica, Mexico,

Panama, Peru• MENA (3): Egypt, Morocco, Turkey• N. America (1): United States• South Asia(3): Bangladesh, India, Pakistan


New focus areas

• Restrictions to access– Networks– Sectors– Education– Financial – Ownership

• Main income, women-owned businesses• Women leaders and decision-makers• Financing (1st tier and 2nd tier)


Concluding remarksThe Gender-GEDI provides:

• Data as a neutral basis for discussion;• Rankings & scores as an invitation for further in

depth analysis;• Benchmarking for monitoring change;• A compelling case for filling critical data gaps on

female entrepreneurship worldwide;• A catalyst for improving conditions for and

changing mindsets towards high potential female entrepreneurs.


The Gender-Global Entrepreneurship

and Development Index

Email your questions, feedback and suggestions to Ruta Aidis, PhD :

[email protected]

Sponsored by The Dell Women’s Entrepreneur

Network

Gender-GEDI

mailto:[email protected]

Gender-GEDI 2013 and beyond

Business

vital voices

global entrepreneurship

research perspective

opportunity

cultural support

process innovation

external financing

startup skills