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Last update : 08-31-2005

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PRESENTATION

GANIL will be hosting the 11th International Conference on Ion Sources (ICIS). This conference will take place in the "Palais des congrès" near the centre of the city of Caen, - France, from Monday 12th to Friday 16th September 2005. Topics to be included cover all aspects of ion sources: technology, plasma physics, optics, simulations, industrial applications, etc... - (see "Topics" and "Programme" sections). This conference takes place every two years and brings together scientists working in different

areas. It is a unique way to exchange various ideas, enlarge and improve knowledge of ion sources and related technologies and the physics involved. About 7 invited talks - each 30 minutes long - and 40 talks of 20 minutes each, together with three main poster sessions planned. All presentations will be published in "Review of Scientific Instruments". Caen is located 250 km due west of Paris and 15 km from the sea. The weather in September is pretty nice, about 20°C by day and fairly sunny. However the weather could change quite quickly, with some rain or showers. Refer to the "Practical information" web page.

TOPICS

FUNDAMENTALS AND THEORY

Plasma, Extraction, Transport and Emittance, Diagnostics, Simulations...

TYPES OF ION SOURCES

ECRIS, EBIS, Microwave, Negative, Radioactive, Polarized and Laser Ion Sources, Charge Breeders...

ION SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS

Accelerator Injection, Fusion Energy, Space Propulsion, Mass Spectrometry, Medical Treatment, Ion Implantation, Surface Modification, Rare Isotope, Neutron and Cluster Productions, Novel and

Miscellaneous Ion Sources...

PROGRAMME

Purpose

The aim of this conference is to provide a forum for communication between all Ion Source scientists and engineers, as well as users and others concerned with their applications in various fields. The programme will cover new developments in the science, technology and use of ion sources.

Anyone with an interest in ion sources or their varied applications is invited to attend.

The programme will consist in a combination of oral invited papers, oral contributed papers and poster presentations. Abstracts must be submitted byApril 15th, 2005. There will be no parallel sessions. An industrial exhibition will be held in conjunction with the conference

234 presentations have been selected :

• 42 oral presentations (including 7 invited) • 192 poster presentations

ORGANIZATION

International Advisory Committee

J. Alessi, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA J.R. Alonso, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAG.D. Alton, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA M. Bacal, Ecole Polytechnique, France R. Becker, Institute for Applied Physiks, Germany I.G. Brown, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAG. Ciavola, INFN-LNS, Italy E.D. Donets, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia A. G. Drentje, KVI, Netherlands R. Geller, Laboratoire P S C, France R. Hemsworth, CEA-Cadarache, France

Scientific organizing Committee

Y. Belchenko, BINP, Russia S. Bogomolov, JINR, Russia M. Dombsky, TRIUMF, Canada S. Gammino, INFN-LNS, Italy R. Gobin, CEA Saclay, France A. Hatayama, Keio Univ., Japan D. Kuchler, CERN, Switzerland T. Inoue, JAERI, Japan P. Jardin, GANIL, France D. Leitner, LBNL, USA R. Leroy, GANIL, France (chairman)

T. Inoue, JAERI, Japan J. Ishikawa, Kyoto University, Japan K.N. Leung, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAR. Leroy, GANIL, France (chairman) M. Loiselet, Université Catholique deLouvain, Belgium T.Nakagawa,RIKEN,Japan P. Schmor, TRIUMF, Canada I.A. Soloshenko, UAS, Ukraine M.P. Stockli, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA K. Tsumorik, National Institute for Fusion Science, Japan H.W. Zhao, IMP Lanzhou, China W.J. Zhao, Peking University, China

J. Peters, DESY, Germany J. Shermann, LANL, USA P. Sortais, LPSC, France P. Spaedkte, GSI, Germany K. Saadatmand, Axcelis Technologies, USA

Local Organizing Committee

C. Barué, M. Bex, J. Cornell, B. Dauphin, L. Fortin, G. Gaubert, T. Gris, P. Jardin, A. Latour (secretary), C. Lemaitre (secretary), R. Leroy (chairman), L. Maunoury, J.Y. Pacquet, S. Rastello

All contributions - Abstracts

NOM @ DOMAINE TITLE AUTHORS CATEGORY FILE TYPE NUM

DLEITNER | LBL.GOV I 1

CIAVOLA | LNS.INFN.IT O 1

NAKAGAWA | RIKEN.JP O 2

ZHAOHW | IMPCAS.AC.CN O 3

BRICAULT | TRIUMF.CA P. BRICAULT RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES I 2

LAU | IPNO.IN2P3.FR RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES O 4

VNP | PNPI.SPB.RU RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES O 5

HANNA.FRANBERG | CERN.CH RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES O 6

ALLEN | PHYSIK.HU-BERLIN.DE BEAM EXTRACTION PA 1

AMES | TRIUMF.CA CHARGE BREEDING PA 2

STATUS REPORT ON THE 28 GHZ SUPERCONDUCTING ECR ION VENUS

D. LEITNER, C. LYNEIS, D. CHENG, M. L. GALLOWAY, M. LEITNER, D. S. TODD

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES LEITNER_ICIS05.DOC

MS-ECRIS, THE EUROPEAN ROADMAP TO 3RD GENERATION ECR ION SOURCES

G. CIAVOLA , S. GAMMINO , L. CELONA , PASSARELLO , L. ANDÒ , L. TORRISI , M. CAVENAGO , A. GALATÀ , P. SPAEDTKE , K.TINSCHERT , R. LANG , R. IANNUCCI , R. LEROY , C. BARUE’ , D. HITZ , H. KOIVISTO , P. SUOMINEN , O. TARVAINEN , H. BEIJERS , S. BRANDENBURG , D. VANROOYEN , C. HILL , D. KUCHLER , H. HOMEYER , J. RÖHRICH , L. SCHACHTER , S. DOBRESCU

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES CIAVOLA.DOC

FFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELD CONFIGURATION ON THE BEAM INTENSITY FROM ECR IS AND NEW RIKEN SC-ECRIS

T. NAKAGAWA , Y. HIGURASHI , M. KIDERA , T. AIHARA , M.KASE , A. GOTO AND Y. YANO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES NAKAGAWA.DOC

AN ADVANCED SUPERCONDUCTING ECR ION SOURCE SECRAL: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND THE FIRST TEST RESULT

H.W.ZHAO , Z.M.ZHANG , X.Z.ZHANG , X.H.GUO , W.HE , L.T.SUN , P.YUAN , M.T.SONG , Z.Q.XIE , Y.CAO , W.L.ZHAN AND B.W.WEI

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZHAOHONGWEI.DOC

STATUS REPORT OF THE RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION AT ISAC-TRIUMF

BRICAULTABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

CONTRIBUTION TO ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENTS FOR SPIRAL-2 AND EURISOL

C. LAU , S. ESSABAA , M. CHEIKH MHAMED , O. BAJEAT , M. DUCOURTIEUX , H. LEFORT AND THE SPIRAL- & EURISOL COLLABORATIONS

LAU1.DOC

COMBINED TARGET-ION SOURCE UNIT FOR PRODUCTION OF RARE NUCLIDES

V.N. PANTELEEV , A.E. BARZAKH , D.V. FEDOROV , A.M. IONAN , K.A. MEZILEV , F.V. MOROZ , S.YU. ORLOV , YU.M. VOLKOV , A. ANDRIGHETTO , G. LHERSONNEAU , V. RIZZI , L.B. TECCHIO , M. DUBOIS , G. GAUBERT , P. JARDIN , N. LECESNE , R.LEROY , J.Y. PACQUET , M.G. SAINT LAURENT , A.C.C VILLARI , O. BAJEAT , S. ESSABAA , C. LAU , M. MENNA

PANTELEEV.DOC

SURFACE CHEMISTRY STUDIES FOR “DIFFICULT” ISOL BEAMS

H. FRÅNBERG , M. AMMANN , H. W. GÄGGELER , AND U. KÖSTER FRANBERG.DOC

EXTRACTION OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS FROM THE BERLIN EBIT FOR INTERACTIONS WITH A GAS TARGET

F. ALLEN, C. BIEDERMANN, R. RADTKE ALLEN.DOC

CHARGE STATE BREEDING OF RADIOACTIVE IONS WITH AN ECRIS AT TRIUMF

F. AMES , R. BAARTMAN , P. BRICAULT , K. JAYAMANNA , T. LAMY , M. MCDONALD , M. OLIVO , P. SCHMOR , AND D.H.L. YUAN

AMES.DOC

ASAJI | I-BEAM.JP INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PA 3

ATABAEV | ARIEL.UZSCI.NET B. ATABAEV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 4

ATABAEV | ARIEL.UZSCI.NET ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PA 5

BAOQUN | YAHOO.COM RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PA 6

BARUE | GANIL.FR PA 7

SIMULATIONS OF H-- EXTRACTION R. BECKER NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 8

R. BECKER ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PA 9

BEEBE | BNL.GOV PA 10

BEEBE | BNL.GOV ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PA 11

FORMANOY | KVI.NL PA 12

BEIJERS | KVI.NL THE KVI LAMB-SHIFT POLARIMETER POLARIZED ION SOURCES PA 13

KREMERS | KVI.NL PA 14

BIRI | ATOMKI.HU PA 15

A_BOUABELLOU | YAHOO.FR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PA 16

A_BOUABELLOU | YAHOO.FR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PA 17

CAOYUN | IMPCAS.AC.CN PA 18

CAVENAGO | LNL.INFN.IT PA 19

AN ECR PLASMA SOURCE BY USING KU-BAND TWT AMPLIFIRE FOR BROAD ION BEAM PROCESSING

T. ASAJI H. SASAKI , Y. KATO AND J.SAITO ASAJI.DOC

SPUTTERING OF NEGATIVE SILICON CLUSTERS BY CESIUM ION FROM LOWERED WORK FUNCTION SURFACE

ATABAEV1.DOC

ELECTRON STIMULATED DESORPTION OF MULTICHARGED IONS FROM KCL, LIF AND CSI CRYSTALS

B. ATABAEV, SH.S.RADJABOV, M.KH.AKHMADJANOVA, F.R.YUZIKAEVA

ATABAEV2.DOC

THE PRODUCTION OF 62ZN RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM

BAOQUN CUI, LIQIANG LI, YINGJUN MA, SHENGYUN ZHU CONG JIANG BAOQUN CUI.DOC

PRODUCTION OF HIGH INTENSITY PRIMARY BEAMS AT GANIL

C. BARUÉ , C. CANET, M. DUBOIS, M. DUPUIS, J.L. FLAMBARD, G. GAUBERT, P. JARDIN, N. LECESNE, P. LEHÉRISSIER, F. LEMAGNEN, R. LEROY AND J.Y. PACQUET

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BARUE.DOC

RBECKER | PHYSIK.UNI-FRANKFURT.DE BECKER.DOC

RBECKER | PHYSIK.UNI-FRANKFURT.DE

THE MEDEBIS OPTION OF HADRON THERAPY BECKER1.DOC

TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT OF A HOLLOW CATHODE ION SOURCE AS AN INJECTOR OF SINGLY CHARGED IONS FOR THE RHIC EBIS*

E.N. BEEBE , J.G. ALESSI , A. KPONOU , C. MEITZLER , A. PIKIN , AND K. PRELEC

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES BEEBE1.DOC

HIGHLY CHARGED ION YIELD AND EMITTANCE STUDIES FOR EXTERNAL ION INJECTION INTO THE BNL TEST EBIS*

E.N. BEEBE, J.G. ALESSI, A. KPONOU, A. PIKIN, K. PRELEC BEEBE2.DOC

HEAT DISTRIBUTION IN METAL OVENS FOR ECRIS

I. FORMANOY, H.R. KREMERS, J.P.M. BEIJERS, S. BRANDENBURG

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BEIJERS1.DOC

J.P.M. BEIJERS, H.R. KREMERS AND N. KALANTAR-NAYESTANAKI BEIJERS2.DOC

AN AECR-TYPE ECRIS DESIGNED FOR KVI, THE PRESENT STATUS

H.R. KREMERS , I. FORMANOY, J.P.M. BEIJERS, S. BRANDENBURG

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BEIJERS3.DOC

FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ECR PLASMA USING A PINHOLE X-RAY CAMERA

E. TAKÁCS , B. RADICS , L.T. HUDSON , S. BIRI , É.. FEKETE , J. IMREK , G. SZITÁSI , CS. SZABÓ , J. PÁLINKÁS

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BIRI2_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF (111)SI SUBSTRATE BY IRON ION IMPLANTATION: GROWTH OF A THIN Β-FESI2 LAYER

A. BOUABELLOU , R. AYACHE , F. EICHHORN , E. RICHTER AND A.MUCKLICH

BOUABELLOU.DOC

EFFECTS OF IMPLANTED ANTIMONY IONS ON COPPER SILICIDATION

A. BOUABELLOU , R. HALIMI , M. BENKERRI AND N. BENOUATTAS BOUABELLOU2.DOC

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ELECTRIC-SWEEP SCANNER AND ION BEAM EMITTNACE OF ECRIS

Y.CAO , L.T.SUN, B.H.MA, H.WANG, Y.C.FENG, J.Y.LI, H.W.ZHAO, Z.M.ZHANG, X.Z.ZHANG, W.HE, H.Y.ZHAO, X.H.GUO, X.X.LI

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES CAO.DOC

BIAS VOLTAGE AND CORROSION EFFECTS IN RF OVENS IN ECR ION SOURCES

M. CAVENAGO , A. GALATA` , T. KULEVOY , AND S. PETRENKO ,

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES CAVENAGO1_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

CAVENAGO | LNL.INFN.IT M.CAVENAGO PA 20

SKHAHTO | LBL.GOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 21

T.D.AKHMETOV | INP.NSK.SU INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PA 22

P.P.DEICHULI | INP.NSK.SU PA 23

PA 24

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 25

EDDONETS | SUNHE.JINR.RU EVGENY E. DONETS ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PA 26

DRAGANIC | VIN.BG.AC.YU PA 27

SILJEGOVIC | VIN.BG.AC.YU PA 28

EFREMOV | NRMAIL.JINR.RU PA 29

ELEON | GANIL.FR RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PA 30

BELCHENKO46 | MAIL.RU NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 31

D.C.FAIRCLOTH | RL.AC.UK NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 32

FUKANO | TOKYO-TMCT.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 33

GAMMINO | LNS.INFN.IT PA 34

GLOBAL EQUILIBRIUM IN ECR ION SOURCES

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES CAVENAGO2_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

HIGH BRIGHTNESS CW VOLUME RF SOURCE DEVELOPMENTS AT LBNL

S.K. HAHTO , T. KALVAS , K.N. LEUNG , P. MANDRILLON AND S. WILDE

HAHTO SAMI.DOC

RADIALLY UNIFORM CIRCULAR SWEEP OF ION BEAM

T.D.AKHMETOV, V.I.DAVYDENKO, A.A.IVANOV, V.V.KOBETS, A.S.MEDVEDKO AND M.A.TIUNOV

DAVYDENKO_2.DOC

AN ION SOURCE WITH LAB6 HOLLOW CATHODE FOR A DIAGNOSTIC NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTOR

P.P.DEICHULI , D.BEALS G.F.ABDRASHITOV , R.GRANETZ , A.A.IVANOV , V.V.KOLMOGOROV , V.V.MISHAGIN , N.V.STUPISHIN , G.I.SHUL’ZHENKO

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES DEICHULI.DOC

VDERENCH | EXCHANGE.INDIANA.EDU

MICROWAVE PROTON SOURCES FOR THE IUCF LENS PROJECT

V.P. DERENCHUK , A. BOGDANOV, A.V. KLYACHKO AND K. SOLBERG

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES DERENCHUK_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

PAOLA.DIOMEDE | BA.IMIP.CNR.IT

NEGATIVE ION YIELD IN RADIO FREQUENCY DISCHARGES IN HYDROGEN: PARTICLE MODELLING AND VIBRATIONAL KINETICS

P. DIOMEDE , S. LONGO , AND M. CAPITELLI DIOMEDE.DOC

TOWARDS ELECTRON STRING PHENOMENON UNDERSTANDING DONETS2.DOC

PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLY CHARGED ION BEAMS FROM SOLID SUBSTANCES IN THE MVINIS ION SOURCE

I. DRAGANIĆ, T. NEDELJKOVIĆ AND A. DOBROSAVLJEVIĆ

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES DRAGANIC.DOC

DESIGN OF THE CHANNEL FOR IRRADIATION OF MATERIALS WITH HIGHLY CHARGED ION BEAMS OBTAINED FROM THE MVINIS ION SOURCE

M. ŠILJEGOVIĆ, A. DOBROSAVLJEVIĆ, I. DRAGANIĆ, B. ČIZMIĆ, AND G. JELIĆ

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES DRAGANIC2.DOC

STATUS OF THE ION SOURCE DECRIS-SC

A. EFREMOV, V. BEKHTEREV, S. BOGOMOLOV, S.DMITRIEV, A.LEBEDEV, M.LEPORIS, A.NIKIFOROV, S.PASCHENKO, B.YAKOVLEV, N.YAZVITSKY, V.DATSKOV, V.DROBIN, V.SELEZNEV, G.TSVINEVA, YU.A.SHISHOV

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES EFREMOV.DOC

DIRECT 1+ TO N+ METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF RADIOACTIVE ALKALINE IONS.

C. ELEON , O. TUSKE , G. GAUBERT , J.Y. PACQUET , M. DUBOIS , M.G. SAINT LAURENT , P. JARDIN , J. CORNELL , R. LEROY

ELEON.DOC

AVDANCED DIRECT CURRENT NEGATIVE ION SOURCE FOR ACCELERATOR USE

YU. BELCHENKO , I.GUSEV, A.KHILCHENKO, V. SAVKIN AND V. RASHENKO

BELCHENKO - DC SOURCE-ABSTRACT ICIS 05.DOC

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN EXTENDING THE ISIS H- ION SOURCE DUTY CYCLE

D. C. FAIRCLOTH , M. O. WHITEHEAD AND T. WOOD FAIRCLOTH.DOC

ESTIMATION OF THE CUSP LOSS WIDTH OF ELECTRON ENERGYIN NEGATIVE ION SOURCES

A.FUKANO , T. MIZUNO , A.HATAYAMA AND M. OGASAWARA FUKANO.DOC

ENHANCEMENT OF ION CURRENT FROM THE TRIPS SOURCE BY MEANS OF DIFFERENT ELECTRON DONORS

S. GAMMINO , G. CIAVOLA, L. CELONA , L. TORRISI , S. PASSARELLO , A. GALATA’ , M. PRESTI , D. MASCALI , L. ANDÒ , S. MANCIAGLI

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES GAMMINO.DOC

GAUBERT | GANIL.FR PA 35

GONCHAR | IOP.KIEV.UA BEAM EXTRACTION PA 36

HML706 | SINA.COM PA 37

HANADA | NAKA.JAERI.GO.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 38

PA 39

NHAYASHI | NR.TITECH.AC.JP PA 40

EWAHLIN | VEECO.COM BEAM EXTRACTION PA 41

DVG43 | YAHOO.COM V. DUDNIKOV, AND J.P. FARRELL NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 42

HEWEI99 | IMPCAS.AC.CN PA 43

HEWEI99 | IMPCAS.AC.CN PA 44

PA 45

CONTACT | PANTECHNIK.COM PA 46

R.HOLLINGER | GSI.DE PA 47

BIRI | ATOMKI.HU FULLERENES IN ECR ION SOURCES PA 48

HDJUNG1 | NATE.COM PA 49

SNOW80 | SNU.AC.KR H.S. JEONG , Y.J. KIM AND Y.S. HWANG NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 50

DIRECT 10 GHZ HF FEED-THROUGH PLASMA DEVICE WITH THE NANOGAN III ION SOURCE FOR SPIRAL

G. GAUBERT , C. BARUE , C. CANET , M. DUBOIS , M. DUPUIS , C. ELEON , J.L. FLAMBARD , P. JARDIN , N. LECESNE , P. LEHERISSIER , F. LEMAGNEN , R. LEROY , J.Y. PACQUET , M.G. SAINT-LAURENT , ACC. VILLARI

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES GAUBERT.DOC

ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA LENS FOR ACCELERATOR INJECTION APPLICATION

YU. CHEKH , A. DOBROVOLSKY , A. GONCHAROV , I. PROTSENKO AND I. BROWN

GONCHAROV.DOC

A MODIFIED MINIATURE MEVVA SOURCE FOR SHANGHAI EBIT

GUANGTIAN DU, MANLI HUANG AND PANLI GUO GUANGTIAN DU.DOC

CORRELATION OF BEAM UNIFORMITY AND MAGNETIC FILTER STRENGTH IN A CS-SEEDED NEGATIVE ION SOURCE

M.HANADA , T.SEKI , N.TAKADO , T.INOUE , T.MIZUNO , A.HATAYAMA , M.KASHIWAGI , K.SAKAMOTO , M.TANIGUCHI AND K.WATANABE

HANADA.DOC

STEFFEN.JANKUHN | IOM-LEIPZIG.DE

SIMULATION OF GRIDDED BROAD BEAM ION SOURCES FOR ULTRAPRECISE SURFACE PROCESSING

ST. JANKUHN , F. SCHOLZE, E. HARTMANN AND H. NEUMANN

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY HARTMANN.DOC

RF MODES AND PLASMA FORMATION OF ECR ION SOURCE

N. HAYASHIZAKI , T. HATTORI AND M. MURAMATSU

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HAYASHIZAKI.DOC

OPTIMIZATION OF A LOW ENERGY ION OPTIC DESIGN FOR HIGH RATE AND HIGH COLLIMATION ION BEAM ETCHING APPLICATIONS

E. WÅHLIN , D. SIEGFRIED , I. KAMEYAMA , V. KANAROV , R. YEVTUKHOV , AND A. HAYES

HAYES2.DOC

SURFACE-PLASMA GENERATION OF NEGATIVE IONS IN GAS DISCHARGES WITHOUT CESIUM

DUDNIKOV.DOC

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE SECRAL SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET SYSTEM

W. HE , , H. W. ZHAO , H. Y. ZHAO , , Y. CAO , Z. M. ZHANG ,L. T. SUN , X. ZH. ZHANG , X. H. GUO , H. WANG , B. H. MA ,

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HEWEI.DOC

DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTS OF PIG ION SOURCE WITH ELECTRON INJECTION

W. HE , , H. W. ZHAO , H. Y. ZHAO , , Y. CAO , Z. M. ZHANG , L. T. SUN , X. ZH. ZHANG , X. H. GUO , H. WANG , B. H. MA , J. Y. LI , Y. CH. FENG AND X. X. LI

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HEWEI_ABSTRACT_ICIS05_2.DOC

HIGURASI | POSTMAN.RIKEN.GO.JP

EFFECT OF THE PLASMA ELECTRODE POSITION AND SHAPE ON THE BEAM INTENSITY OF THE HIGHLY FROM RIKEN 18 GHZ ECRIS

Y. HIGURASHI , T. NAKAGAWA , M. KIDERA , T. AIHARA , K.KOBAYASHI , M. KASE , A. GOTO AND Y. YANO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HIGURASHI2.DOC

DEVELOPMENT IN ECR AND NEGATIVE ION SOURCES

C. BIETH , S. KANTAS AND Y. JONGEN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BIETH.DOC

EMITTANCE STUDIES ON THE VACUUM ARC ION SOURCE "VARIS"

R. HOLLINGER , M. GALONSKA , R. MAYR AND P. SPÄDTKE

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HOLLINGER_ABSTRACT.DOC

S. BIRI , A. KITAGAWA , M. MURAMATSU , É. FEKETE AND A. JÁNOSSY

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES BIRI1_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

STUDY ON A HIGH-CURRENT HELICON ION SOURCE FOR NEUTRON GENERATOR APPLICATION

H. D. JUNG , J. Y. PARK, K. J. CHUNG, M. J. PARK, I. J. KIM, H. D. CHOI AND Y. S. HWANG

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HWANG_HDJUNG.DOC

H- ION BEAM EXTRACTION FROM A TRANSFORMER COUPLED PLASMA SOURCE WITH TRIODE EXTRACTION SYSTEM

HYEONG-SEOL JEONG_.DOC

ISHII | TAKA.JAERI.GO.JP PA 51

JARDIN | GANIL.FR RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PA 52

KEERTHI | TRIUMF.CA RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PA 53

TVKALVAS | LBL.GOV BEAM EXTRACTION PA 54

CONTACT | PANTECHNIK.COM PA 55

DK | NSC.RES.IN PA 56

KATO | PU-TOYAMA.AC.JP Y. KATO , H. FURUKI AND T. ASAJI PA 57

KATO | PU-TOYAMA.AC.JP PA 58

KATOH | PPL.APPI.KEIO.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PA 59

KAWAIY | ORNL.GOV PA 60

SUNLT | IMPCAS.AC.CN PA 61

FABIO.ZAPPA | UIBK.AC.AT PA 62

KIDERA | KINDEX.RIKEN.JP MASS SPECTROSCOPY PA 63

KIMJS | FAR-TECH.COM BEAM EXTRACTION PA 64

KIMJS | FAR-TECH.COM CHARGE BREEDING PA 65

STUDY OF A DUOPLASMATRON-TYPE ION SOURCE TO FORM A GAS-ION NANOBEAM USING A DOUBLE ACCELERATION LENS SYSTEM

YASUYUKI ISHII, AKIRA ISOYA, SHUICHI OZAWA, ATSUYA CHIBA AND MITSUHIRO FUKUDA

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES ISHII.DOC

TOTAL EFFICIENCY OF AN ISOL PRODUCTION SYSTEM BASED ON AN ECRIS ASSOCIATED WITH A CARBON TARGET: THE CASE OF SPIRAL I

P. JARDIN , W. FARABOLINI , C. ELEON , M. DUBOIS , G. GAUBERT , J.C. CORNELL, N. LECESNE , R. LEROY , J.Y. PACQUET AND M.G. SAINT LAURENT

JARDIN.DOC

AN ECR ION SOURCE FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION AT ISAC/TRIUMF

K. JAYAMANNA, D. YUAN, F. AMES, P. BRICAULT, R. BAARTMAN, V. HANEMAAYER, C. LAFORGE, M. MCDONALD, J. MCKINNON, M. OLIVO AND P. SCHMOR.

JAYAMANNA.DOC

FAST SLIT-BEAM EXTRACTION/CHOPPING FOR NEUTRON GENERATOR

T. KALVAS , S.K. HAHTO , F. GICQUEL , J. REIJONEN , K.N. LEUNG , T.G. MILLER

KALVAS.DOC

PRELIMINARY STUDYFOR THE USE OF HTS COILS FOR GTS ECRIS

S. KANTAS , C. BIETH , J. Y. PACQUET , R. LEROY , S. MILWARD , S. HARRISSON

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KANTAS.DOC

PERFORMANCE OF FIRST HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING ECRIS

D. KANJILAL, G. RODRIGUES, P. KUMAR, A. MANDAL, C. P. SAFVAN AND A. ROY

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KANJILAL-ICIS05.DOC

PRODUCTION OF MULTICHARGED IONS AND BEHAVIOR OF MICROWAVE MODES IN AN ECRIS DIRECTLY EXCITED IN A CIRCULAR CAVITY RESONATOR

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KATO1_MW.DOC

PRODUCTION OF MULTICHARGED IRON IONS WITH INDUCTIVELY HEATED VAPOR SOURCE

Y. KATO , M. TOMIDA , T. ASAJI AND K. TANAKA

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KATO2_FE.DOC

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY ELECTRONS IN A TANDEM-TYPE NEGATIVE ION SOURCE

K. KATOH , N. TAKADO , A. HATAYAMA , M. HANADA , T. SEKI , AND T. INOUE

KATOH.DOC

AFFECT OF PULSED MODE ECR PLASMA HEATING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE ORNL PLATEAU ECR ION SOURCE

Y. KAWAI, G.D. ALTON, T. BIGELOW, Y. LIU

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KAWAI 1PULSE.DOC

A LATEST DEVELOPED ALL PERMANENT ECRIS FOR ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCH AT IMP

L. T. SUN , H. W. ZHAO, Z. M. ZHANG, H WANG, B. H. MA, X. Z. ZHANG, J. Y. LI, Y. C. FENG, X. H. GUO, X. X. LI, X. W. MA, AND W. L. ZHAN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SUN ABSTRACT.DOC

CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS CLUSTER ION SOURCE BASED ON A MICRO STRUCTURED ELECTRODE

F. ZAPPA S. FEIL , M. WINKLER , V. GRILL , T.D. MÄRK AND P. SCHEIER

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES ZAPPA ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

IMPROVEMENT OF RIKEN ECRIS-AMS

M. KIDERA , T. NAKAGAWA , K. TAKAHASHI , S. ENOMOTO , K. IGARASHI , M. FUJIMAKI , E. IKEZAWA , O. KAMIGAITO , M. KASE , A. GOTO AND Y. YANO

KIDERA.DOC

PLASMA ION SOURCE MODELING USING MULTIGRID

J.S KIM , D.P. GROTE , N. BAROV , A. FRIEDMAN , AND J-L VAY KIM1_ICIS05.DOC

MONTE CARLO BEAM-CAPTURE AND CHARGE BREEDING SIMULATION*

J.S. KIM , C. LIU , D.H. EDGELL AND R. PARDO KIM2-ICIS05-1.DOC

HANNU.KOIVISTO | PHYS.JYU.FI PA 66

PA 67

WJZHAO | PKU.EDU.CN W.J.ZHAO , X.T.REN AND H.W.ZHAO INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS O 7

KITAGAWA | NIRS.GO.JP INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS O 8

K. WIESEMANN AND A. A. IVANOV I 3

O 9

CHARLES.HILL | CERN.CH O 10

VONDRASEK | ANL.GOV O 11

LGRISHAM | PPPL.GOV NEGATIVE IONS IN FUSION NEGATIVE ION SOURCES I4 4

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O12 12

WELTON | ORNL.GOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O13 13

YHWANG | SNU.AC.KR NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O14 14

KAWAIY | ORNL.GOV PB 1

NEGATIVE ION SOURCE FOR BMS S.G.KONSTANTINOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 2

DETLEF.KUCHLER | CERN.CH NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 3

KULEVOY | LNL.INFN.IT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 4

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE ION SOURCE RELATED DEVELOPMENT WORK FOR THE HEAVY ION IRRADITION TESTS

H. KOIVISTO , P. SUOMINEN, O. TARVAINEN AND A. VIRTANEN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KOIVISTO_ICIS05.DOC

HIGURASI | POSTMAN.RIKEN.GO.JP

EFFECT OF THE PLASMA INSTABILITY ON THE BEAM INTENSITY FROM RIKEN 18 GHZ ECRIS

Y. HIGURASHI , T. NAKAGAWA , M. KIDERA , T. AIHARA , K. KOBAYASHI , M. KASE , A. GOTO AND Y. YANO

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY HIGURASHI1.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF ION SOURCES FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING IN CHINA

ZHAO WJ2.DOC

MEDICAL APPLICATION OF RADIOACTIVE NUCLEAR BEAMS AT HIMAC

KITAGAWA , M. MURAMATSU M. YAMAMOTO , Y. FURUSAWA , Y. ISEKI , M. KANAZAWA , Q. LI , , H. MIZUNO , S. SATO , M. SUDA ,T. TOMITANI , E. URAKABE , Z. WEI , M. YOSHIMOTO

KITAGAWA.DOC

WIESEMANN | AEPT.RUHR-UNI-BOCHUM.DE

INFLUENCE OF NON-LINEAR PLASMA-WAVE INTERACTIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE ION SOURCES (ECRIS)

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES WIESEMAN.DOC

THOMAS.THUILLIER | LPSC.IN2P3.FR

A-PHOENIX, A NEW ECR ION SOURCE FOR THE SPIRAL II FACILITY

T. THUILLIER , H. KOIVISTO , T. LAMY , P. SORTAIS , P. SUOMINEN AND O. TARVAINEN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES THUILLIER T.DOC

EXPERIENCE WITH THE GTS-LHC ECRIS AT CERN

C.E. HILL, D. KUCHLER, C. MASTROSTEFANO, M. O'NEIL, R. SCRIVENS, D. HITZ, L. GUILLEMET, J. CHARTIER, G. REY-GIRAUD

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HILL ECRIS.DOC

ECRIS OPERATION WITH MULTIPLE FREQUENCIES

R. VONDRASEK , R. SCOTT AND R. PARDO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES VONDRASEK.DOC

L. R. GRISHAM , J. W. KWAN , S. K. HAHTO , S. T. HAHTO , K. N. LEUNG , G. WESTENSKOW

GRISHAML._ICIS05.DOC

MARTHE.BACAL | POLYTECHNIQUE.EDU

EXTRACTION PHYSICS IN VOLUME H- ION SOURCES.

M. BACAL , A. HATAYAMA , T. MATSUMIYA BACAL ET AL.DOC

ADVANCES IN THE PERFORMANCE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE SNS* ION SOURCE

R. F. WELTON , M. P. STOCKLI AND S. N. MURRAY WELTON2.DOC

CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIUMF DC H- ION SOURCES FOR ENHANCED BRIGHTNESS

Y.S. HWANG , G. COJOCARU , D. YUAN , M. MCDONALD , K. JAYAMANNA , AND G. DUTTO

HWANGYS_LAST.DOC

PERFORMANCES OF CONVENTIONAL B-MINIMUM ECR ION SOURCES POWERED WITH BROADBAND MICROWAVE RADIATION

Y. KAWAI , G.D. ALTON , Y. LIU , O. TARVAINEN , P. SUOMINEN , H. KOIVISTO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES KAWAIICIS05 WN.DOC

S.G.KONSTANTINOV | INP.NSK.SU KONSTANTINOV.DOC

H- SOURCE DEVELOPMENTS AT CERN

C.E. HILL, D. KÜCHLER, C. MASTROSTEFANO, M. O'NEIL, R. SCRIVENS, T. STEINER

KUCHLER.DOC

ITEP BERNA IS WITH ADDITIONAL E-BEAM

R. P. KUIBEDA , T. V. KULEVOY , S. V. PETRENKO , V. A. BATALIN , V. I. GUSHENETS , A. HERSHCOVITCH , B. M. JOHNSON , G.N. KROPACHEV , E. M. OKS , V. I. PERSHIN , H. J. POOLE

KULEVOY1.DOC

KULEVOY | LNL.INFN.IT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 5

KULEVOY | LNL.INFN.IT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 6

KULEVOY | LNL.INFN.IT INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 7

CMLYNEIS | LBL.GOV PB 8

G-I-KUZNETSOV | MAIL.RU G.KUZNETSOV, AND M.BATAZOVA ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PB 9

JWKWAN | LBL.GOV PB 10

LABBANIRE | YAHOO.FR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 11

P.SPAEDTKE | GSI.DE PB 12

RJGOBIN | CEA.FR PB 13

CHEIKH | IPNO.IN2P3.FR RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PB 14

LEHERISSIER | GANIL.FR PB 15

LEPORIS | CENTRUM.SK PB 16

140 LASER ION SOURCES PB 17

SIMULATION OF BERNA IS DISCHARGE

I. RUDSKOY , T. V. KULEVOY , A. HERSHCOVITCH , V. A. BATALIN , V. I. GUSHENETS , B. M. JOHNSON , R. P. KUIBEDA , E. M. OKS , V. I. PERSHIN , S. V. PETRENKO , H. J. POOLE

KULEVOY2.DOC

TRANSPORT LINE FOR BEAM GENERATED BY ITEP BERNA’S IS

E.S.MASUNOV , S.M.POLOZOV , S. V. PETRENKO , G.N. KROPACHEV , A. HERSHCOVITCH , B. M. JOHNSON , R. P. KUIBEDA , T. V. KULEVOY , V. I. PERSHIN , H. J. POOLE

KULEVOY3.DOC

DECABORANE BEAM FROM ITEP BERNA IS

S. V. PETRENKO , R. P. KUIBEDA , T. V. KULEVOY , V. A. BATALIN , V. I. GUSHENETS , A. HERSHCOVITCH , B. M. JOHNSON , A. A. KOLOMIETS , G.N. KROPACHEV , E. M. OKS , V. I. PERSHIN , H. J. POOLE , I. RUDSKOY , P. A. STOROZHENKO , O. V. ALEXEYENKO

KULEVOY4.DOC

MEASURMENTS OF BREMSTRAHLUNG PRODUCTION AND X-RAY CRYOSTAT HEATING IN VENUS

C. LYNEIS, D. LEITNER, D. TODD, S. VIROSTEK, T. LOEW AND A. HEINEN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES LYNEIS-LBL-S.DOC

EBIS FOR HIGHLY CHARGED IONS PRODUCTION IN A CONTINUOUS REGIME

KUZNETSOV2.DOC

A COMPACT MULTI-BEAMLETS HIGH CURRENT INJECTOR FOR HIF DRIVERS

J. W. KWAN , F. M. BIENIOSEK , D. GROTE , AND G. WESTENSKOW

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES KWANJW.DOC

ANTIMONY ION IMPLANTATION IN SILICON SUBSTRATES

R. LABBANI , B. PIPELEERS , A. VANTOMME AND R. HALIMI LABBANI-ICIS 2005.DOC

EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF AN ION BEAM CREATED BY AN ECRIS, USING A PEPPER POT DEVICE

P. SPÄDTKE , K. TINSCHERT , J. BOSSLER , R. LANG , R. IANNUCCI AND J. MAUS

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SPAEDTKE.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF A PERMANENT MAGNET LIGHT ION SOURCE AT CEA/SACLAY

R. GOBIN , G. CHARRUAU , O. DELFERRIÈRE , D. DE MENEZES , Y. GAUTHIER , F. HARRAULT , P. LEHERISSIER , J-Y. PAQUET

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES TUSKE3.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF A PLASMA ION SOURCE FOR NEXT GENERATION FACILITIES

M. CHEIKH MHAMED , C. LAU , S. ESSABAA , O. BAJEAT M. DUCOURTIEUX , H. LEFORT

LAU2.DOC

IMPROVEMENTS ON METALLIC ION BEAMS AT GANIL WITH THE LARGE CAPACITY OVEN

P. LEHERISSIER, C. BARUE, C. CANET, M. DUBOIS, M. DUPUIS, J.L. FLAMBARD, G. GAUBERT, P. JARDIN, N. LECESNE, F .LEMAGNEN, R .LEROY, J.Y. PACQUET.

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES LEHERISSIER.DOC

THE NEW ECR ION SOURCE DECRIS-4 FOR THE U400 CYCLOTRON

M. LEPORIS, V. BEKHTEREV, S. BOGOMOLOV, A. EFREMOV, G. GULBEKIAN, YU. KOSTYUKHOV, A. LEBEDEV, V. LOGINOV, N. YAZVITSKY

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES LEPORISABSTRACT_ICIS05_.DOC

PRE– AND POST-EXTRACTION ANALYSES OF DIFFERENT CHARGE STATE ION COMPONENTS PRODUCED IN A LASER ION SOURCE

F. BELLONI , D. DORIA , A. LORUSSO , V. NASSISI AND J. KRASA LORUSSO.DOC

VKANAROV | VEECO.COM PB 18

MACHICOA | NSCL.MSU.EDU PB 19

KYJ0202 | SNU.AC.KR Y.J. KIM, D.H. PARK, AND Y.S. HWANG PB 20

LASER ION SOURCES PB 21

YMATSU | MS.NIFS.AC.JP PB 22

MAUNOURY | GANIL.FR PB 23

MAY | COMP.TAMU.EDU PB 24

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 25

AEC2G | NIRS.GO.JP PB 26

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 27

MOEHS | FNAL.GOV D. MOEHS BEAM EXTRACTION PB 28

MOEHS | FNAL.GOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 29

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 30

SERG.MOROZ | SARKOR.UZ S.N.MOROZOV AND U.KH.RASULEV MASS SPECTROSCOPY PB 31

M_MURA | NIRS.GO.JP PB 32

INVESTIGATION OF A RF INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ION BEAM SOURCE CAPABLE OF HIGHLY UNIFORM, STABLE, AND COLLIMATED ION BEAM GENERATION

. KANAROV , A. HAYES , R. YEVTUKHOV , I. KAMEYAMA , D. SIEGFRIED , AND E. WÅHLIN

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HAYES1.DOC

ARTEMIS-B: A ROOM TEMPERATURE TEST ECR ION SOURCE FOR THE NATIONAL SUPERCONDUCTING CYCLOTRON LABORATORY AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

G. MACHICOANE , D. COLE , J. OTTARSON , J. STETSON , P. ZAVODSZKY

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES MACHICOANE_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

A NEW METHOD OF HIGH BRIGHTNESS ION EXTRACTION BASED ON BIAS ELECTRODE

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HWANG_YJKIM.DOC

DANIELE.MARGARONE | INFINITO.IT

NEGATIVE ION PRODUCTION BY USING A ND:YAG LASER AT 109 W/CM2 IRRADIATING TANTALUM

D. MARGARONE , , L. TORRISI , , J. KRASA , A. PICCIOTTO , F. CARIDI AND S. GAMMINO

MARGARONE.DOC

THE MEASUREMENT OF H- DENSITY AND VELOCITY IN THE EXTRACTION REGION OF A NEGATIVE ION SOURCE USING THE PERTURBATION OF H- BEAM CURRENT BY A PULSE LASER INJECTION

Y.MATSUMOTO , M.NISHIURA , K.MATSUOKA , M.WADA , M.SASAO , AND H.YAMAOKA

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY MATSUMOTO.DOC

PRODUCTION OF CHARGED (SINGLY AND MULTIPLY) PHOSPHORUS BEAMS WITH ECRIS

L. MAUNOURY , S. KANTAS , J.Y. PACQUET AND R. LEROY

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES MAUNOURY_ICIS05_MAU.DOC

THE TEXAS A&M 14.5 GHZ ECRIS AND 6.4 GHZ ECRIS

D. P. MAY , F. P. ABEGGLEN , G. J. DERRIG , AND R. S. OLSEN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES MAY D.DOC

ALEXANDER.MENDENILLA | GMAIL.COM

ENHANCEMENT OF H- -EXTRACTION FROM A COMPACT SOURCE BY STREAMING NEUTRAL GAS INJECTION (SNGI).

ALEXANDER MENDENILLA, HIDENORI TAKAHASHI, TOSHIRO KASUYA AND MOTOI WADA

MENDENILLA.DOC

GAS PULSING TEST FOR A PULSED PENNING SOURCE

T. MIYATA , T. MIYOSHI , T. SAKUMA , Y. TAKAHASHI AND Y. SATO

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES MIATA.DOC

TMIZUNO | PPL.APPI.KEIO.AC.JP

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE TRANSPORT PROCESS OF NEGATIVE-ION PLASMAS IN PHOTODETACHMENT MEASUREMENT

T. MIZUNO , S. NAKATA , N. TAKADO , T. MATSUMIYA , T. SAKURABAYASHI , A. HATAYAMA AND M. BACAL

MIZUNO.DOC

SUB-MICROSECOND BEAM NOTCHING AT LOW ENERGY- WHAT TO DO ABOUT SPACE CHARGE?

MOEHS DOUGLAS.DOC

SOURCE SELECTION FOR THE PROTON DRIVER AN 8 GEV H- LINAC

D. P. MOEHS , R. F. WELTON AND M. P. STOCKLI MOEHS.DOC

MOMOTA.SADAO | KOCHI-TECH.AC.JP

ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY BY USE OF HIGHLY CHARGED AR ION BEAM

S. MOMOTA , S. IWAMITSU , S. GOTO , Y. NOJIRI , J. TANIGUCHI , I. MIYAMOTO , H. OHNO , N. MORITA AND N. KAWASEGI

MOMOTA.DOC

NEGATIVE MOLECULAR ION SOURCE FOR SIMS MOROZOV.DOC

IMPROVEMENT OF THE KEI2 SOURCE FOR NEW CARBON THERAPY FACILITY

M. MURAMATSU , , A. KITAGAWA , HIROTSUGU OGAWA , Y. IWATA , S. YAMADA , HIROYUKI OGAWA , Y. YOSHIDA AND A. G. DRENTJE

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES MURAMATSU.DOC

ALEXSV | APPL.SCI-NNOV.RU PB 33

NISHIURA | NIFS.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 34

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 35

O-SHIMA | NIFS.AC.JP PB 36

OKA | LHD.NIFS.AC.JP PB 37

ZORIN | APPL.SCI-NNOV.RU PB 38

OKS | OPEE.HCEI.TSC.RU INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 39

ABARZAHK | MAIL.PNPI.SPB.RU LASER ION SOURCES PB 40

OKS | OPEE.HCEI.TSC.RU PB 41

OKS | OPEE.HCEI.TSC.RU INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 42

SHU-OZA | TAKA.JAERI.GO.JP S. OZAWA, Y. ISHII AND M. FUKUDA BEAM EXTRACTION PB 43

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 44

LASKA | FZU.CZ LASER ION SOURCES PB 45

HYUNAEK | FREECHAL.COM PB 46

SXPENG | KU.ED.CN PB 47

M. OKAMURA AND H. KASHIWAGI LASER ION SOURCES PB 48

BEAM FORMATION FROM DENCE PLASMA OF ECR DISCHARGE

A. SIDOROV , I. IZOTOV , S. RAZIN , V. SKALYGA , V. ZORIN , A. BALABAEV , AND S. KONDRASHEV

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SIDOROV.DOC

OPTIMIZATION OF NEGATIVE ION SOURCE FOR A HEAVY ION BEAM PROBE

M. NISHIURA , T. IDO , A. SHIMIZU , S. KATO , A. NISHIZAWA , Y. HAMADA , Y. MATSUMOTO , A. MENDENILLA , AND M. WADA

NISHIURA.DOC

OGURI | LINAC.TOKAI.JAERI.GO.JP

DEVELOPMENT OF THE H- ION SOURCE FOR THE HIGH INTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATOR (J-PARC)

H. OGURI , A. UENO , K. IKEGAMI AND Y. NAMEKAWA OGURI.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF ZEOLITE ION SOURCE FOR BEAM PROBE MEASUREMENTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA

S.OHSHIMA , A. FUJISAWA , A. SHIMIZU , AND H. NAKANO

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY OHSHIMA.DOC

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF BEAM EXTRACTION FROM MULTI-ANTENNA RF ION SOURCE IN NIFS

Y. OKA , T. SHOJI , K. IKEDA , O. KANEKO , K. NAGAOKA , M. OSAKABE , Y. TAKEIRI , K.TSUMORI , E. ASANO , T. KONDO , M. SATO AND M. SHIBUYA

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES OKA2-BIS.DOC

ECR ION SOURCES WITH PUMPING BY MILLIMETER WAVE RADIATION

V. ZORIN , S. GOLUBEV , S. RAZIN , A. VODOPYANOV , AND V. SKALYGA

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZORIN.DOC

GENERATION OF A BORON ION BEAM IN A MODIFIED ION SOURCE FOR SEMICONDUCTOR APPLICATIONS

V.I. GUSHENETS, A.S. BUGAEV AND E.M. OKS, A. HERSHCOVITCH, B.M. JOHNSON, T.V. KULEVOY, H.J. POOLE, A. YA. SVAROVSKY

OKS 1 ABSTRACT_ICIS05 B IONS .DOC

THE APPLICATION OF THE LASER RESONANCE IONIZATION DIRECTLY INSIDE THE TARGET FOR THE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF 145, 145M, 143MGD

A.E. BARZAKH, D.V. FEDOROV, A.M. IONAN, V.S. IVANOV, F.V. MOROZ, K.A. MEZILEV, S.YU. ORLOV, V.N. PANTELEEV, YU.M. VOLKOV

BARZAKHABSRACT.DOC

MEASUREMENT OF THE TOTAL ION FLUX FROM VACUUM ARC ION SOURCES

A.G. NIKOLAEV , E.M. OKS , K.P. SAVKIN , G.YU. YUSHKOV , A. ANDERS , AND I.G. BROWN

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES OKS, ABSTRACT_ICIS05 , ION FLUX.DOC

ENHANCED BEAM CURRENTS OF P3+AND P4+FOR USE IN SEMICONDUCTOR ION IMPLANTERS

V.I. GUSHENETS, A.S. BUGAEV AND E.M. OKS, A. HERSHCOVITCH AND B.M. JOHNSON, T.V. KULEVOY, H.J. POOLE, A. YA. SVAROVSKY

OKS2ABSTRACT_ICIS05 P IONS .DOC

OPTIMIZATION OF ION EXTRACTION FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ION SOURCES

OZAWA_ABSTRACT.DOC

DAMIANO.PAGANO | BA.IMIP.CNR.IT

ATOMIC WALL RECOMBINATION AND VOLUME NEGATIVE ION PRODUCTION

D. PAGANO , C. GORSE , AND M. CAPITELLI PAGANO D.DOC

CURRENT DENSITIES OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS PRODUCED BY LONG HIGH-INTENSITY LASER-PULSES

L. LÁSKA , J. BADZIAK , F.P. BOODY , S. GAMMINO , K. JUNGWIRTH , J. KRÁSA , E. KROUSKÝ , P. PARYS , M. PFEIFER , K. ROHLENA , L. RYĆ , L. TORRISI , J. ULLSCHMIED , J. WOŁOWSKI

LASKAACAEN.DOC

HIGH-BRIGHTNESS HELICON ION SOURCE FOR HIGH-CURRENT PROTON ACCELERATORS

J.Y. PARK, H.D. JUNG, M.J. PARK, S.H. KIM, K.J. CHUNG AND Y.S. HWANG

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES PARK.DOC

A MINITYPE PERMANENT MAGNET HIGH-CURRENT MICROWAVE ION SOURCE

Z. SONG, S. PENG*, J. YU, J. MING, Z. YUAN, F. QIAN AND Z. G

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES PENG SHIXIANG.DOC

MOKAMURA | POSTMAN.RIKEN.GO.JP

HIGH CURRENT CARBON BEAM PRODUCTION WITH DPIS OKAMURAL-BIS.DOC

GAMMINO | LNS.INFN.IT PB 49

PIKIN | BNL.GOV ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PB 50

STANCARI | FE.INFN.IT RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PB 51

ARIEL | ARIEL.UZSCI.NET PB 52

CELONA | LNS.INFN.IT PB 53

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 54

STEPANOV | NPI.TPU.RU INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 55

04M31211 | NR.TITECH.AC.JP LASER ION SOURCES PB 56

N.SAKUDO | NIFTY.COM N. SAKUDO , N. IKENAGA AND H. ITO PB 57

KSASA | TAC.TSUKUBA.AC.JP K.SASA AND S.TOMITA PB 58

LSCH | TANDEM.NIPNE.RO PB 59

PB 60

RB | IGCAR.ERNET.IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 61

SHOJI | EES.NAGOYAL-U.AC.JP T. SHOJI , Y. OKA AND NBI GROUP PB 62

AKH | PPL.APPI.KEIO.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 63

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN PLASMA PRODUCED BY HIGH POWER LASERS INTERACTING SOLID TARGETS

A.PICCIOTTO L.TORRISI S.GAMMINO , A.M.MEZZASALMA , F.CARIDI S. PASSARELLO , D.MARGARONE J.KRASA , L.LASKA

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY PICCIOTTO.DOC

STUDY OF A LIQUID METAL ION SOURCE FOR EXTERNAL ION INJECTION INTO EBIS

A. PIKIN, J. ALESSI, E. BEEBE, A. KPONOU, K. PRELEC, J. RITTER PIKIN1.DOC

PERFORMANCE OF A RADIOACTIVE FRANCIUM BEAM SOURCE FOR ON-LINE MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAPS

G. STANCARI , S. VERONESI , L. CORRADI , S. N. ATUTOV , V. BIANCALANA , A. BURCHIANTI , R. CALABRESE , A. DAINELLI , C. DE MAURO , G. GATTOBIGIO , V. GUIDI , A. KHANBEKYAN , C. MARINELLI , E. MARIOTTI , P. MINGUZZI , L. MOI , Z. PESHEV , S. SANGUINETTI , AND L. TOMASSETTI

STANCARI.DOC

SURFACE-IONIZATION SOURCE OF MULTIATOMIC IONS

U. KHASANOV, U. KH. RASULEV AND D.T.USMANOV

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES RASULEV.DOC

MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BOOST OF PERFORMANCES IN ECR AND MICROWAVE DISCHARGE ION SOURCES

L. CELONA , F. CONSOLI , S. BARBARINO , G. CIAVOLA , S. GAMMINO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES CELONA.DOC

FANTZ | PHYSIK.UNI-AUGSBURG.DE

PLASMA DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR OPTIMISING NEGATIVE HYDROGEN ION SOURCES

U. FANTZ , H. FALTER , P. FRANZEN , E. SPETH , D. BOILSON , R. HEMSWORTH AND A. KRYLOV

ABSTRACT_ICIS05_FANTZ.DOC

HIGH CURRENT VACUUM-ARC ION AND PLASMA SOURCE “RADUGA-5” APPLICATION FOR INTERMETALLIC PHASE FORMATION IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF METAL TARGET

I.B. STEPANOV , A.I. RYABCHIKOV , E.V. KOZLOV , YU.P. SHARKEEV , D.O. SIVIN , I.A. SHULEPOV , I.A. KURZINA

RYABCHIKOV3.DOC

ANALYSIS OF LASER-PRODUCED HEAVY IONS FOR DIRECT PLASMA INJECTION SCHEME

K. SAKAKIBARA , T. HATTORI AND , M.OKAMURA , S.KONDRASHEV SAKAKIBARA.DOC

OFF-RESONANCE MICROWAVE ION SOURCE FOR HIGH CURRENT MOLECULAR HYDROGEN ION BEAM

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES SAKUDO.DOC

PRODUCTION OF MULTICHARGED CLUSTER BEAMS BY COMPACT 2.45GHZ ECR ION SOURCE

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SASAABSTRACT2_ICIS05.DOC

AMBIPOLAR PLASMA AND THE HIGH CHARGE STATE ION PRODUCTION IN ECRIS

L. SCHACHTER , S. DOBRESCU , K. E. STIEBING SCHACHTER.DOC

KATSUHIRO.SHINTO | QSE.TOHOKU.AC.JP

OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPACT MULTICUSP HE+ ION SOURCE FOR DOUBLE-CHARGE-EXCHANGED HE- BEAM

K. SHINTO , H. SUGAWARA , M. TAKENAGA , S. TAKEUCHI , N. TANAKA , S. KITAJIMA , M. SASAO , M NISHIURA AND M. WADA

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES SHINTO3LAST.DOC

ANALYSIS OF X-RAY SPECTRUM OBTAINED IN ECR X-RAY SOURCE

R BASKARAN, AND T.S.SELVAKUMARAN BASKARAN1.DOC

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-ANTENNA RF ION SOURCE

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES SHOJI-LAST.DOC

PIC AND MONTE CARLO MODELLING OF NEGATIVE ION TRANSPORT AND EXTRACTION PROCESSES IN THE HYDROGEN NEGATIVE-ION SOURCE

A. HATAYAMA , T. MATSUMIYA , T. SAKURABAYASHI AND M. BACAL HATAYAMA1.DOC

SIMONIN | DRFCCAD.CEA.FR A. SIMONIN NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PB 64

G-I-KUZNETSOV | MAIL.RU RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PB 65

QJI | LBL.GOV PB 66

RB | IGCAR.ERNET.IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PB 67

ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PB 68

STALDER | PHYSIK.UNI-KIEL.DE BEAM EXTRACTION PB 69

KASHI | TAKA.JAERI.GO.JP LASER ION SOURCES O 15

VICTOR.MALKA | ENSTA.FR LASER ION SOURCES O 16

LASSEN | TRIUMF.CA LASER ION SOURCES O 17

TSUMORI | NIFS.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES I 5

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O 18

P.MCNEELY | IPP.MPG.DE NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O 19

JENS.PETERS | DESY.DE J. PETERS NEGATIVE ION SOURCES O 20

DRENTJE | PLANET.NL O 21

BELCHENKO | INP.NSK.SU YU. BELCHENKO O 22

STOCKLI | ORNL.GOV O 23

CYBELE: A LARGE SIZE ION SOURCE OF MODULE CONSTRUCTION FOR TORE-SUPRA INJECTOR

SIMONIN.DOC

PRODUCTION OF INTENSE BEAMS OF SINGLY CHARGED RADIOACTIVE IONS

G.KUZNETSOV, M.BATAZOVA, K.GUBIN, P.LOGACHEV, AND P.MARTYSHKIN

KUZNETSOV1.DOC

ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR NOVEL ION BEAM TOOLS

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES

USE OF ECR X-RAY SOURCE FOR NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT) APPLICATION

R. BASKARAN AND T. S. SELVAKUMARAN BASKARAN2.DOC

RBECKER | PHYSIK.UNI-FRANKFURT.DE

A COMPACT EBIS/T WITHOUT MAGNETIC FIELD

R. BECKER AND Q. JI , L. JI , Y. CHEN AND K. LEUNG BECKER4.DOC

SIMULATION OF THE SPACE CHARGE DOMINATED EXTRACTION OF A ION BEAM FROM A ECRIS

M. STALDER, C.T. STEIGIES, R.F. WIMMER-SCHWEINGRUBER STALDER.DOC

ACCELERATION OF HIGH CURRENT FULLY-STRIPPED CARBON ION BEAM BY DIRECT INJECTION SCHEME

H. KASHIWAGI , M. OKAMURA , R.A.JAMESON , T. HATTORI , N.HAYASHIZAKI ,K.SAKAKIARA , K. YAMAMOTO , Y. IWATA , T. FUJIMOTO

KASHIWAGI.DOC

LASER BASED PROTON ACCELERATION

V. MALKA , D. BATANI E. D'HUMIERES , F. EWALD , A. GUEMNIE-TAFO , E. LEFEBVRE , M. MANCLOSSI

MALKAVICTOR.DOC

FIRST LASER ION SOURCE RIB AT TRIUMF

J. LASSEN , T. ACHTZEHN , D. ALBERS , P. BRICAULT , M. DOMBSKY , CH. GEPPERT , J.P. LAVOIE , AND K. WENDT

LASSEN TRILIS.DOC

NEGATIVE HYDROGEN ION SOURCE AND NEUTRAL BEAMS AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR FUSION SCIENCE

K. TSUMORI , K. NAGAOKA , O. KANEKO , Y. TAKEIRI , M. OSAKABE , Y. OKA , K. IKEDA , S. ASANO , Y. SUZUKI , J. WATANABE , M. SHIBUYA , E. ASANO , T. KONDO AND M. SATO

TSUMORI.DOC

RONALD.HEMSWORTH | CEA.FR

CHARACTERISATION OF THE ITER MODEL NEGATIVE ION SOURCE DURING LONG PULSE OPERATION

D BOILSON , B CROWLEY , H P L DE ESCH , R S HEMSWORTH , A KRYLOV , U FANTZ , AND B ZANIOL

HEMSWORTH.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF AN RF NEGATIVE ION SOURCE FOR ITER NBI

P. MCNEELY , H.-D. FALTER, U. FANTZ, P. FRANZEN, B. HEINEMANN, W. KRAUS, CH. MARTENS, R. RIEDL, E. SPETH

ABSTRACT_ICIS05_MCNEELY.DOC

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RF-DRIVEN MULTICUSP H- ION SOURCES PETERS.DOC

OPTIMIZING C4+ AND C5+ BEAMS OF THE KEI2 SOURCE USING CD4 GAS, CONSISTENT WITH WELL KNOWN GAS MIXING PHENOMENA?

A. G. DRENTJE , M. MURAMATSU AND A. KITAGAWA

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY DRENTJEABSTRACTCIS 2005.DOC

CESIUM IN THE HYDROGEN NEGATIVE ION SOURCES

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY BELCHENKO 1.DOC

EMITTANCE STUDIES WITH THE SNS H- SOURCE

M. P. STOCKLI , R. KELLER , M. LEITNER , AND R. F. WELTON

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY STOCKLI.DOC

SOLOSH | IOP.KIEV.UA O 24

LASER ION SOURCES PC 1

OKA | LHD.NIFS.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 2

PC 3

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 4

TAKADO | PPL.APPI.KEIO.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 5

ETD1104 | MAIL4.DOSHISHA.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 6

PC 7

PC 8

TAKEIRI | NIFS.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 9

XLTANG | DHU.EDU.CN X. L. TANG , G. QIU AND X. P. FENG PC 10

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 11

BEAM EXTRACTION PC 12

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PC 13

OLLI.TARVAINEN | PHYS.JYU.FI PC 14

WHY P BEAM EXTRACTION PC 15

ON THE MECHANISMS DETERMINING ELECTRIC FIELD VALUES IN THE INTENSE BEAMS OF NEGATIVE IONS IN “GAS” FOCUSING REGIME

I. SOLOSHENKO , A. ZAVALOV AND V. GORETSKY

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY SOLOSHENKO.DOC

SERGEI.KONDRASHEV | ITEP.RU

LASER ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR ITEP-TWAC PROJECT

A. BALABAEV, S. KONDRASHEV , B. SHARKOV AND A. VASILIEV KONDRASHEV.DOC

DOPPLER SHIFT SPECTRA OF HΑ LINES FROM NEGATIVE ION BASED NEUTRAL BEAMS FOR LHD-NBI

Y. OKA , L. GRISHAM , N. UMEDA , K. IKEDA , Y. TAKEIRI , K.TSUMORI , A. HONDA , Y. IKEDA , O. KANEKO , K. NAGAOKA , M. OSAKABE , T. YAMAMOTO , E. ASANO , T. KONDO , M. SATO AND M. SHIBUYA

OKA1.DOC

PEKKA.A.SUOMINEN | PHYS.JYU.FI

MODIFIED MULTIPOLE STRUCTURE IN THE JYFL 6.4 GHZ MMPS-ECRIS

P. SUOMINEN , O. TARVAINEN AND H. KOIVISTO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SUOMINEN ICIS05 ABSTRACT_ P.DOC

SVARNAS | LPTP.POLYTECHNIQUE.FR

PROGRESS WITH ECR DRIVEN MULTICUSP ION SOURCE AT ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE

P. SVARNAS , M. BACAL , P. AUVRAY , S. BÉCHU AND J. PELLETIER SVARNAS ET AL.DOC

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL NON-UNIFORMITY IN THE CS SEEDED H- ION SOURCE

N. TAKADO , J. HANATANI , T. MIZUNO , K. KATOH , A. HATAYAMA , M. HANADA , T. SEKI AND T. INOUE

TAKADO.DOC

EFFECT OF BIAS POTENTIAL UPON H- DENSITY NEAR A PLASMA GRID OF A NEGATIVE-ION SOURCE

HIDENORI TAKAHASHI, TOSHIRO KASUYA AND MOTOI WADA TAKAHASHI.DOC

GTAKAOKA | KUEE.KYOTO-U.AC.JP

DEVELOPMENT OF LIQUID CLUSTER ION SOURCE AND CLUSTER SIZE ANALYSIS

G. H. TAKAOKA, H. NOGUCHI, K. NAKAYAMA AND M. KAWASHITA

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES TAKAOKA1.DOC

GTAKAOKA | KUEE.KYOTO-U.AC.JP

SURFACE CLEANING AND MODIFICATION OF SI SUBSTRATES BY LIQUID CLISTER ION BEAMS

G. H. TAKAOKA, H. NOGUCHI, T. SEKI, K. NAKAYAMA AND M. KAWASHITA

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES TAKAOKA2.DOC

CHARACTERISTICS OF LONG-PULSE NEGATIVE ION SOURCE IN NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTOR OF LARGE HELICAL DEVICE

Y. TAKEIRI, K. IKEDA, Y. OKA, K. TSUMORI, M. OSAKABE, K. NAGAOKA, O. KANEKO, E. ASANO, T. KONDO, M. SATO, M. SHIBUYA

TAKEIRI.DOC

SPECTRAL DIAGNOSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DIELECTRIC BARRIER DISCHARGE AND ITS APPLICATION TO MATERIALS PROCESSING

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY TANG X_L.DOC

TANIGUCM | FUSION.NAKA.JAERI.GO.JP

ACCELERATION OF MEV CLASS, HIGH CURRENT DENSITY H- FOR ITER NB

M.TANIGUCHI , T. INOUE, M.KASHIWAGI, K.WATANABE, M.HANADA, K.SEKI, M.DAIRAKU AND K. SAKAMOTO

TANIGUCHI.DOC

MICHAEL.TARTZ | IOM-LEIPZIG.DE

MODEL OF BEAMLET DIVERGENCE USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS METHODS

M. TARTZ , J. H. PETERS AND H. NEUMANN TARTZ 1ABSTRACT_ICIS05_DOE.DOC

HORST.NEUMANN | IOM-LEIPZIG.DE

ION CURRENT DENSITY PROFILE CONTROL OF A SCALABLE LINEAR ION SOURCE AND ITS APPLICATION

H. NEUMANN , F. SCHOLZE , M. TARTZ , H. SCHLEMM TARTZ2 .DOC

EMITTANCE AND PLASMA POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS IN DOUBLE FREQUENCY HEATING MODE WITH THE JYFL 14 GHZ ECRIS

O. TARVAINEN , P. SUOMINEN, T. ROPPONEN AND H. KOIVISTO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES TARVAINEN ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

RBECKER | PHYSIK.UNI-FRANKFURT.DE

R.BECKER AND W.B.HERRMANNSFELDT BECKER3.DOC

DSTODD | LBL.GOV PC 16

HONMA_T | NIRS.GO.JP BEAM EXTRACTION PC 17

TSUJI | KUEE.KYOTO-U.AC.JP NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 18

OTUSKE | CEA.FR NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 19

RJGOBIN | CEA.FR NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 20

THATTORI | NR.TITECH.AC.JP PC 21

NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 22

ZAVODSZKY | NSCL.MSU.EDU PC 23

KVONREDEN | WHOI.EDU MASS SPECTROSCOPY PC 24

VOSTR | ARD.KIAE.RU PC 25

VOSTR | ARD.KIAE.RU INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS PC 26

WELTON | ORNL.GOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 27

HERSHCOVITCH | BNL.GOV PC 28

MORDYK | IPFLAB.SUMY.UA BEAM EXTRACTION PC 29

INTEGRATION OF BEAM TRANSPORT SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS FOR THE SUPERCONDUCTING ECR ION SOURCE VENUS

D. TODD , D. LEITNER , D. GROTE , M. LEITNER , C. LYNEIS AND J. QIANG

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES TODD_LBL.DOC

LOW-ENERGY ION DECELERATOR FOR AXIAL-INJECTION SYSTEM AT NIRS-CYCLOTRON

T. HONMA , Y. SAKAMOTO, M. MURAMATSU, S. HOJO, N. MIYAHARA AND S. YAMADA

TOSHIHIRO HONMA.DOC

NEGATIVE-ION IMPLANTATION INTO THIN SIO2 LAYER FOR DEFINED NANOPARTICLE FORMATION

H. TSUJI , N. ARAI N. GOTOH , T. MINOTANI , T. ISHIBASHI , T. OKUMINE , K. ADACHI , H. KOTAKI , Y. GOTOH , J. ISHIKAWA

TSUJI-ICIS05.DOC

NEW RESULTS OF THE CEA/ SACLAY H- ECR ION SOURCE, ECRIN

O. TUSKE , O. DELFERRIÈRE , R. GOBIN , F. HARRAULT TUSKE1.DOC

H- ION PRODUCTION WITH 2.45 GHZ ION SOURCES IN EUROPE

R. GOBIN , M. BACAL , O. DELFERRIÈRE , F. HARRAULT , A. IVANOV , D. KUCHLER , T. STEINER , P. SVARNAS , O. TUSKE

TUSKE2.DOC

RELATIONSHIP OF PERFORMANCE AND RF MODES IN ECR ION SOURCE

T. HATTORI , N. HAYASHIZAKI , A. TAKANO , S. UEDA , T. ITOU , T. HATA , M. MURAMATSU AND S. HOUJYOU

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES HATTORI.DOC

UMEDANA | FUSION.NAKA.JAERI.GO.JP

BEAM DEFLECTION BY PG FILTER IN THE NEGATIVE ION SOURCE FOR JT-60U NBI SYSTEM

N.UMEDA, Y.IKEDA, M.HANADA, T.INOUE, M.KAWAI, M.KAZAWA, M.KOMATA, T.OHGA, K.MOGAKI

UMEDA.DOC

STATUS REPORT ON THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SUSI – SUPERCONDUCTING SOURCE FOR IONS AT NSCL/MSU

P. A. ZAVODSZKY , B. AREND , D. COLE , J. DEKAMP , G. MACHICOANE , F. MARTI , P. MILLER , J. MOSKALIK , J. OTTARSON , J. VINCENT , A. ZELLER AND N. YU. KAZARINOV

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZAVODSKY.DOC

A 2.45 GHZ MICROWAVE ION SOURCE FOR USE IN ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

K. VON REDEN , R. SCHNEIDER , M. ROBERTS , B. HAN , AND JOHN WILLS VONREDEN.DOC

DIFFERENTIAL TURBULENT HEATING OF IONS IN A GAS MIXTURE ECRIS

L. I. ELIZAROV , A. A. IVANOV , K.S. SEREBRENNIKOV , E. A. VOSTRIKOVA ,

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES VOSTRIKOVA E.2.DOC

THE INFLUENCE OF BERNSTEIN MODE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ECR X-RAY SOURCE

V. V. ANDREEV , L. I. ELIZAROV , K. S. SEREBRENNIKOV , E. A. VOSTRIKOVA A. M UMNOV

VOSTRIKOVA E1.DOC

INITIAL TESTS OF A HIGH POWER, EXTERNAL ANTENNA FOR RF MULTICUSP ION SOURCES

R. F. WELTON , M. P. STOCKLI AND S. N. MURRAY WELTON1.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW LIZ-MEVVA SOURCE

J. SPRUNCK , E.P. GARATE , A. HERSHCOVITCH , B. M. JOHNSON , R. MCWILLIAMS , N. ROSTOKER , AND A. VAN DRIE

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HERSHCOVITCH.DOC

EXTRACTION OF SINGLE-ION BEAMS FROM HELICON ION SOURCE IN HIGH PLASMA DENSITY OPERATION MODE: EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION

S. MORDYK, V. MIROSHNICHENKO, A. NAHORNYY, D. NAHORNYY, D. SHULHA,V. STORIZHKO AND V. VOZNYY

MORDYK_ABSTRACT.DOC

WOLOWSKI | IFPILM.WAW.PL LASER ION SOURCES PC 30

XIANGWAY | SINA.COM BEAM EXTRACTION PC 31

YMATSU | MS.NIFS.AC.JP MASS SPECTROSCOPY PC 32

VAO | YSU.AM ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PC 33

EDCG | LANL.GOV NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 34

ALEX | NPI.TPU.RU PC 35

V.ERUHIMOV, V.SEMENOV PC 36

ZZM | IMPCAS.AC.CN PC 37

WJZHAO | PKU.EDU.CN PC 38

SVA1 | APPL.SCI-NNOV.RU PC 39

ALEX | NPI.TPU.RU MASS SPECTROSCOPY PC 40

PC 41

SHKLAEV | TO.HCEI.TSC.RU ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PC 42

SKJAIN | CAT.ERNET.IN S.K.JAIN AND P.R.HANNURKAR PC 43

PROPERTIES OF IONS EMITTED FROM DIFFERENT PLASMAS PRODUCED BY 438-NM HIGH-ENERGY LASER PULSES

J. WOLOWSKI , J. BADZIAK , F. P BOODY , S. GAMMINO , J. KRÁSA , L. LÁSKA , A. MEZZASALMA , P. PARYS , M. PFEIFER , K. ROHLENA , L. TORRISI J. ULLSCHMIED

WOLOWSKI_GAMMINO5.DOC

A SINGLE-PULSED ION BEAM PROFILE IN ACCELERATION GAP

W. XIANG, P.Y. TANG, C.Y. WANG AND X.H. TAN XIANG.DOC

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANGULAR RESOLVED MOMENTUM ANALYZER SYSTEM TO STUDY PARTICLE REFLECTIONS FROM SOLID SURFACES

H. YAMAOKA , Y. MATSUMOTO , M. NISHIURA , K. TSUMORI , H. SUGAWARA , S. TAKEUCHI , K. SHINTO , M. SASAO AND M. WADA

YAMAOKA_V2.DOC

INFLUENCE OF GEOMETRY OF THE DISCHARGE INTERVAL ON DISTRIBUTION OF ION AND ELECTRON STREAMS AT SURFACE OF THE PENNING SOURCE CATHODE

G.A. EGIAZARYAN, ZH.B. KHACHATRIAN, E.S. BADALYAN, E.I. TER-GEVORGYAN AND V.N. HOVHANNISYAN

YEREVAN ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

2D PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF LANSCE’S SURFACE CONVERSION NEGATIVE HYDROGEN ION SOURCE

E. CHACON-GOLCHER AND K. J. BOWERS CHACON-GOLCHER.DOC

HIGH CURRENT VACUUM ARC ION SOURCE FOR ION IMPLANTATION AND COATING DEPOSITION TECHNOLOGIES

A.I. RYABCHIKOV, I.A. RYABCHIKOV, I.B. STEPANOV, A.V. SINEBRYUKHOV AND S.V. DEKTYAREV

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES RYABCHIKOV2.DOC

ERUHIMOV | APPL.SCI-NNOV.RU

2D NUMERICAL MODEL OF ECR DISCHARGE WITH POINTWISE MAPPINGS

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ERUKHIMOV.DOC

OPERATION AND EXPERIMENTS ON ECR ION SOURCES AT IMP

Z. M. ZHANG , H. W. ZHAO , X. Z. ZHANG , L. T. SUN , H. Y. ZHAO Y. CAOX. H. GUO , X. X. LI , J. Y. LI , H. WANG , Y. CH. FENG , B. H. MA , AND W. HE ,

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZHANGZIMIN.DOC

A MICROWAVE ION SOURCE FOR 100 KEV ION IMPLANTATION

MING JIANCHUAN , GUO QIQIAN , WANG JINHUI , WANG LIANGMING , BAIYULAN , ZHU QILIANG , DING JIA AND ZHAO WEIJIANG

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZHAO WJ1.DOC

GAS BREAKDOWN IN ECR ION SOURCES

V. SKALYGA , I. IZOTOV , T. LAMY , A. SIDOROV , P. SORTAIS , T. THUILLIER , AND V. ZORIN

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SKALYGA.DOC

PLASMA IMMERSION ION CHARGE STATE AND MASS SPECTROMETER

A.I. RYABCHIKOV, I.A. RYABCHIKOV, I.B. STEPANOV AND A.V. SINEBRYUKHOV

RYABCHIKOV1.DOC

ZHAOHUANYU | TSINGHUA.ORG.CN

X-RAY BREMSSTRAHLUNG MEASUREMENTS ON LECR3

H. Y. ZHAO , , X. W. MA , H. W. ZHAO , S. F. ZHANG Z. M. ZHANG , W. T. FENG W. H , Y. C. FEHG , J. Y. LI , X. X. LI , L. T. SUN , H. W , B. H. MA AND Y. CAO

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES ZHAOHUANYU.DOC

TRANSPORTATION AND CHARGED SEPARATION OF MULTICOMPONENT IONS BEAM IN PLANE GAP

V.A. SHKLYAEV , S.YA. BELOMYTSEV AND V.V. RYZHOV SHKLYAEV.DOC

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF ECR PROTON SOURCE AT CAT, INDORE

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES SKJAIN.DOC

ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PC 44

LDKMSE88 | YAHOO.COM.TW RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PC 45

TORRISI | LNS.INFN.IT L. TORRISI , AND S. GAMMINO PC 46

TORRISI | LNS.INFN.IT LASER ION SOURCES PC 47

EQUILBEC | GANIL.FR PC 48

GDA | ORNL.GOV PC 49

GDA | ORNL.GOV G.D. ALTON RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PC 50

PC 51

TSDUH | INER.GOV.TW T. S. DUH, T. KUO AND W. J. LIN NEGATIVE ION SOURCES PC 52

GDA | ORNL.GOV RADIOACTIVE ION SOURCES PC 53

DRENTJE | PLANET.NL PC 54

ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE PC 55

GELLER | LPSC.IN2P3.FR R. GELLER CHARGE BREEDING PC 56

G.ZSCHORNACK | FZ-ROSSENDORF.DE

TIME RESOLVED INVESTIGATIGATION OF THE IONIZATION PROCESS IN THE DRESDEN EBIT

G.ZSCHORNACK , R.HELLER , M.KRELLER , S.LANDGRAF , F.GROSSMANN , U.KENTSCH , V.P.OVSYANNIKOV , M.SCHMIDT AND F.ULLMANN

ZSCHORNACK2.DOC

TUNABLE VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE FROM ZNO NANORODS THROUGH MGO-COATING AND MICROWAVE TREATMENT

HUNG-CHOU LIAO, CHIN-CHING LIN, AND SAN-YUAN CHEN HUNG CHOU.DOC

A METHOD OF THE ELECTRICAL FIELD CALCULATION IN LASER GENERATED PLASMA FOR ION STREM PRODUCTION

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY TORRISI_ORAL.DOC

ION BEAM PRODUCTION FROM ND:YAG LASER ABLATING GOLD

L. TORRISI S. GAMMINO , A. PICCIOTTO , F. CARIDI , D. MARGARONE , S. PASSARELLO , L. LASKA , J. KRASA , K. ROHLENA ,J. WOLOWSKI AND F.P. BOODY

TORRISI_POSTER.DOC

RADIOFREQUENCY INJECTION SYSTEM FOR ECRIS IN AN HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

C. HUET-EQUILBEC , C. BARUÉ , C. CANET , J.C CORNELL , M. DUBOIS , M. DUPUIS ,C. ELÉON , J-L. FLAMBARD , G. GAUBERT , P. JARDIN , P. LECACHEUX , N. LECESNE , P. LEHÉRISSIER , F. LEMAGNEN , R. LEROY , J.Y. PACQUET , L. PENESCU , .G. SAINT LAURENT .

ICIS 2005-HUET-EQUIBEC2.DOC

THE VOLUME EFFECT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

G.D. ALTON, Y. LIU, Y. KAWAI, H. BILHEUX

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES GDAICIS05VOLUMEEFFECTABS.DOC

HIGH-EFFICIENCY TARGET-ION SOURCES FOR RIB GENERATION ICISGDARIBSOURCEABS.DOC

KATSUHIRO.SHINTO | QSE.TOHOKU.AC.JP

ION TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF A COMPACT MULTICUSP HE+ ION SOURCE

K. SHINTO , H. SUGAWARA , M. TAKENAGA , S. TAKEUCHI , N. TANAKA , S. KITAJIMA , M. SASAO , M NISHIURA AND M. WADA

FUNDAMENTALS, DIAGNOSTICS AND THEORY ABSTRACT_SHINTO2.DOC

THE H-MINUS CUSP SOURCE AND INJECTION LINEFOR 1 MA CYCLOTRON OPERATION AT INER, TAIWAN

DUH T.S. ABSTRACT.DOC

METHODS FOR DESIGNING FAST VAPOR-TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FOR RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM APPLICATIONS

G.D. ALTON, Y. ZHANG, Y. KAWAI, Y. LIU ICIS05EFFUSIVEFLOWGDAABS.DOC

ABRUPT VARIATION IN ION CURRENT WITH BIASED DISC VOLTAGE IN ECR ION SOURCE

G.S.TAKI , P.R.SARMA , D.K. CHAKRABORTY , P.K. RAY , R.K. BHANDARI AND A.G.DRENTJE

ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RRESONANCE ION SOURCES GSTAKI-1.DOC

G.ZSCHORNACK | FZ-ROSSENDORF.DE

DRESDEN EBIT: STATUS REPORT AND NEXT DEVELOPMENTS

G.ZSCHORNACK , R.HELLER , M.KRELLER , S.LANDGRAF , F.GROSSMANN , U.KENTSCH , V.P.OVSYANNIKOV , M.SCHMIDT AND F.ULLMANN

ZSCHORNACK1.DOC

ECR PLASMA ION TRAP. FIRST EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF LONG RANGE ION-ION COLLISIONS.

PIKIN | BNL.GOV ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE O 25

ALONSO | UNI-MAINZ.DE ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE O 26

EDDONETS | SUNHE.JINR.RU O 27

LAMY | LPSC.IN2P3.FR CHARGE BREEDING I 6

PIERRE.DELAHAYE | CERN.CH CHARGE BREEDING O 28

CHARGE BREEDING O 29

O.KESTER | GSI.DE CHARGE BREEDING O 30

WALTER KUTSCHERA I 7

OKS | OPEE.HCEI.TSC.RU E.M. OKS AND I.G. BROWN O 31

HERSHCOVITCH | BNL.GOV O 32

R. BECKER BEAM EXTRACTION O 33

SERGEI.KONDRASHEV | ITEP.RU BEAM EXTRACTION O 34

V.I.DAVYDENKO | INP.NSK.SU BEAM EXTRACTION O 35

beam extraction OralElectron Beam Ion Source PosterCharge breeding Invited

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRON AND ION BEAM PROPERTIES ON THE BNL EBIS AND COMPARISON WITH THEORETICAL MODELS

A. PIKIN, J. ALESSI, E. BEEBE, A. KPONOU, K. PRELEC PIKIN2.DOC

ELECTRON BEAM ION SOURCE FOR IN-TRAP CREATION OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS

J. ALONSO K. BLAUM , S. DJEKIC , H.-J. KLUGE , W. QUINT , S. STAHL , J. VERDÚ , M. VOGEL , J. WALZ G. WERTH

ALONSO.DOC

STATUS REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE JINR TUBULAR ELECTRON STRING ION SOURCE

D. E. DONETS , E. D. DONETS , E. E. DONETS , S. V. GUDKOV , O. K. KULTASHEV , S. V. SALNIKOV , YU. A. TUMANOVA , AND V. B. SHUTOV

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES DONETS.DOC

STATUS OF CHARGE BREEDING WITH ECRIS

T. LAMY , R. GELLER , P. SORTAIS , T. THUILLIER LAMY.DOC

RECENT RESULTS WITH THE PHOENIX BOOSTER AT ISOLDE

P. DELAHAYE , C. J. BARTON , T. FRITIOFF , O. KESTER , T. LAMY , M. LINDROOS , P. SORTAIS , G. TRANSTRÖMER AND F. WENANDER

DELAHAYE.DOC

FREDRIK.WENANDER | CERN.CH

THE REX-ISOLDE CHARGE BREEDER AS AN OPERATIONAL MACHINE

P. DELAHAYE, R. SCRIVENS, T. SIEBER, F. WENANDER AND THE REX-ISOLDE COLLABORATION

WENANDER ABSTRACT.DOC

THE FRANKFURT MAXEBIS SET-UP FOR ADVANCED CHARGE BREEDING EXPERIMENTS

O. KESTER , R. BECKER AND M. KLEINOD KETER O.DOC

WALTER.KUTSCHERA | UNIVIE.AC.AT

ION SOURCES FOR ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES ABSTRACT_KUTSCHERA_ IONSOURCES FOR AMS.DOC

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF VACUUM ARC ION SOURCES

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES OKS&BROWN_ABSTRACT_ICIS05.DOC

ION SOURCES FOR THE VARYING NEEDS OF ION IMPLANTATION

A. HERSHCOVITCH , V. A. BATALIN A. S. BUGAEV , V. I. GUSHENETS , B. M. JOHNSON , A. A. KOLOMIETS , G.N. KROPACHEV , R. P. KUIBEDA , T. V. KULEVOY , I. V. LITOVKO , E.S.MASUNOV , E. M. OKS , V. I. PERSHIN , S. V. PETRENKO , S.M.POLOZOV , H. J. POOLE , I. RUDSKOY , D. N. SELEZNEV , P. A. STOROZHENKO , A. YA. SVAROVSKI , AND G. YU. YUSHKOV

HIGH CURRENT, NOVEL AND MISCELLANEOUS ION SOURCES HERSCOVITCH.DOC

RBECKER | PHYSIK.UNI-FRANKFURT.DE

SCIENCE AND ART OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EXTRACTION OF IONS FROM PLASMAS

BECKER2.DOC

HIGH CURRENT DENSITY ION BEAM EXTRACTION: COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND COMPARISION WITH MEASUREMENTS

S. KONDRASHEV , A. BALABAEV , V. ZORIN AND A. SIDOROV KONDRASHEV2.DOC

PRECISE FORMATION OF GEOMETRICALLY FOCUSED ION BEAMS

V.I.DAVYDENKO, A.A.IVANOV, S.A.KOREPANOV AND I.A.KOTELNIKOV

DAVYDENKO_1.DOC

Sheet 2: Feuil2

Industrial ApplicationsNegative Ion SourcesRadioactive Ion SourcesLaser Ion Sources

Polarized Ion Sourcesplasma theory and diagnosticsMass spectroscopy

High current, novel and miscellaneous Ion SourcesElectron Cyclotron Rresonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Oral Presentatio n

STATUS REPORT ON THE 28 GHZ SUPERCONDUCTINGECR ION VENUS

D.LEITNER, C . LYNEIS, D . CHENG, M. L. GALLOWAY,M. LEITNER, D. S. TODD

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road,Berkeley, California 9472 0

The superconducting ECR ion source VENUS (Versatile ECR ion source for NUclear Science) is a

next generation superconducting ECR ion source designed to produce high current, high charge

state ions for the 88-Inch Cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. VENUS also

serves as the prototype ion source for the RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) front end, where the goal

is to produce intense beams of medium charge states ions . Example beams for the RIA accelerator

are 15 pµA of Kr i'+(260 eµA), 12 pµA of Xe20+ (240 eµA of Xe20+), and 8 pµA of U 28+ . To achieve

these high currents, VENUS has been optimized for operation at 28 GHz, reaching maximal

confinement fields of 4T and 3 T axially and over 2 .2 T on the plasma chamber wall radially .

After a commissioning phase at 18 GHz [1], the source started 28 GHz operation in the summer o f

2004 . During initial operation, record ion beam intensities have been extracted . For instance

measured extracted currents for the low to medium charge states were 320 eµA of Xe 2Q+, 150 eµA

of Xe27+ , and 245 eµA of Bi 29+ , while for the higher charge states 15 eµA of Bi 41+ , and 0.5eµA of

Bi50+ could be produced. Results for various gases and metals from the ongoing commissioning a t

28 GHz are reported . In addition, the effect of the magnetic field at extraction on the emittance o f

the ion beam is discussed, and emittance measurements for a wide range of magnetic fields ar e

presented at 18 and 28 GHz microwave power.

Reference s[1] Results with the superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source VENUS, C .M .Lyneis, D . Leitner, S .R . Abbott, R.D . Dwinell, M. Leitner, C.S . Silver and C. Taylor, RSI 75, 138 9May 2004, LBNL-57003

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

MS-ECRIS, THE EUROPEAN ROADMAP TO3rd GENERATION ECR ION SOURCES

G.CIAVOLA' , S . GAMMINO ' , L. CELONA ' , PASSARELLO ' , L . ANDÔ ' ,L . TORRISI ' , M . CAVENAGO 2 , A. GALATÀ2 , P . SPAEDTKE 3 , K.TINSCHERT3 ,R. LANG3 , R. IANNUCCI4 , R. LEROY4 , C. BARUE' 4 , D. HITZ4 , H. KOIVISTO',

P. SUOMINEN' , O. TARVAINEN5, H. BEIJERS6 , S . BRANDENBURG6 ,D . VANROOYEN 7 , C . HILL O , D . KUCHLER8 , H. HOMEYER9 , J . RÔHRICH9 ,L. SCHACHTER10 , S . DOBRESCU '0

1 Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud : INFN-LNS ,Via S . Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy [email protected]

2 INFN -Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro : INFN-LNL, Legnaro, Italy3 Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH : GSI, Darmstad, German y4 Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds : GANIL, Caen, France5 Department of Physics, University of Jyv5skyla : JYFL, Jyvdsky1d, Finland6 Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut : KVI, Groningen, Netherlands7 The Svedberg Laboratory: TSL, Uppsala, Sweden8 CERN AB Department, Geneva, Switzerland9 Hahn Meitner Institut Berlin GmbH : HMI, Berlin, German y

10 Nat. Inst. of Physics and Nuclear Engineering : NIPNE Bucharest, Romani a

The major infrastructures in Europe adopted the technology of Electron Cyclotron Resonanc e(ECR) Ion Sources for the production of their ion beams . Most of them use 14 GHz ECRIS', excep tat INFN-LNS, where an 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS is in operation . In the past 5 years it wa sdemonstrated, in the frame of the FP5 RTD project called "Innovative ECRIS", that th eenhancement of performances requires a higher frequency (28 GHz and above) and a highermagnetic field (above 2 T) for the hexapolar field . Within the Sixt Framework Programme a JointResearch Activity named ISIBHI started to build by 2008 two different ion sources, the A -PHOENIX source at LPSC Grenoble, reported in another contribution, and the Multipurpos eSuperconducting ECRIS (MS-ECRIS), based on fully superconducting magnets, able to operate i nHigh B mode at 28 GHz or higher frequency .Such a development represents a significant step further compared to existing devices, and anincrease of a factor of ten typically of the performances is being planned (e .g. 1 emA for mediumcharge states of heavy ions, or hundreds eµA of fully stripped light ions, or even 1 eµA of charg estates above 50+ for the heaviest species) .The maximum magnetic field of MS-ECRIS will be higher than 4 T for the axial field and close to 3T for the hexapolar field, which corresponds to values above 6 T within the conductor .The detailed description of the MS-ECRIS project and of its major constraints will be given alon gwith the general issues of the developments in different laboratories above mentioned .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Effect of Magnetic field configuration on the beam intensity from ECR IS and NewRIKEN SC-ECRI S

T .NAKAGAWA ' , Y . HIGURASHI ' , M. KIDERA' , T. AIHARA2 , M.KASE ' , A.

GOTO ' and Y. YANG'

' RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japa n2 SAS Ltd, Kita-shinagawa 5-9-11, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japa n

In the last decade, it was recognized that the magnetic field configuration plays essential role to

increase the beam intensity from ECRIS . At RIKEN, we observed that the optimum value for A m,

exists to maximize the beam intensity . [1,2 ]

To understand this mechanism, we applied laser ablation methods to obtain main plasma parameter s

(density, temperature and ion confinement time) and measured these parameters as a function o f

Bm,n [2] and gas pressure by using the liquid He-free SC-ECRIS . This source allows us to change

Buy, Bm,n and Be., independently . From these experiments, we found that the gas pressure strongl y

affects the ion confinement time[2], on the other hand Bm,n mainly affects the temperature an d

density of electrons .

Very recently, we also measured these parameters as a function of Be., and Bin] systematically . In

this experiment, we found that the Be nj mainly affects the ion confinement time and temperature and

Bex, influenced the both of ion confinement time and beam extractions conditions . From these

experimental results, we recognized that the plasma production is strongly dependent on the Bm,n

(plasma generator) and B ind works as a container of the plasma (plasma container) .

Based on these experiments we started to make the detailed design of the new SC-ECRI S

( operational frequency of 34 GHz) . Main feature of this ECRIS is that we can produce dense an d

large plasma volume by special configuration of the solenoid coils . Using this ECRIS, we try to

produce 15 pµA of U35+ beam, which is the requirement of the RIKEN RI beam factory project .

In this paper, we will show the plasma parameters as a function of B in] , Bm,n, B e, and gas pressure in

detail . We compared these results with model calculation . We also present the design of the ne w

SC-ECRIS and the future plan .

References

[1]H. Arai et al, NIM A419(2002) 9

[2]T. Nakagawa et al, R .S .I . 75(2004)1394

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

ANADVANCED SUPERCONDUCTING ECR IONSOURCESECRAL : DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND THE FIRS T

TEST RESUL T

H.W .ZHAO ' , Z .M .ZHANG ' , X.Z .ZHANG 1 , X.H.GUO 1 , W.HE ' , L.T.SUN ' ,P .YUAN ' , M.T.SONG ' , Z.Q .XIE2 , Y .CAO ' , W.L.ZHAN ' and B .W.WEI '

1 Institute of Modem Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou ,730000, P .R.China

2 Berkeley Ion Equipment, Inc . Santa Clara, California 9505 4

SECRAL (Superconducting ECR Ion Source with Advanced design in Lanzhou), is a nex t

generation ECR ion source, and aims for developing a very compact superconducting ECR io n

source with a completely new structure and high performances for highly charged ion bea m

production [1] . The ion source was designed to be operated at 18 GHz at initial operation, and

finally will be extended to 28 GHz . The superconducting magnet confinement configuration of th e

ion source consists of three axial solenoid coils and six sextupole coils with a cold iron structure a s

field booster and clamp . At full excitation, this magnet assembly can produce peak mirror fields o n

axis 3 .6 Tesla at injection, 2 .2 Tesla at extraction and a radial sextupole field of 2 .0 Tesla at plasma

chamber wall . What is different from the traditional design, such as LBNL VENUS [2] and LN S

SERSE [3], is that the three axial solenoid coils are located inside of the sextupole bore in order t o

reduce the interaction forces between the sextupole coils and the solenoid coils . The detaile d

design, construction issues and the preliminary test result of the ion source at 18 GHz will be

presented .

Reference s[1] H .W.Zhao, et .al, 16 th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, AIP conference proceedings ,

Volume 749, 10, 2005 .[2] D .Leitner, et .al, 16th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, AIP conference proceedings ,

Volume 749, 3, 2005 .[3] S. Gammino, et .al . Rev. Scien. Instrum . Vo172, No .11, 1090, 2001 .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

STATUS REPORT OF THE RADIOACTIVE ION BEAM PRODUCTION A TISAC-TRIUMF-

P .Bricault l

1 TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, B . C., Canada, V6T 2A3

The ISAC Radioactive Ion Beams (RIB) facility is operational since November 1998 . The facilityutilizes the Isotopic Separation On Line (ISOL) method to produce the RIB . The ISAC facility atTRIUMF utilizes up to 100 µA of proton at 500 MeV from the existing H- cyclotron. The scienceprogrammes at ISAC range from the nuclear astrophysics to the fundamental symmetry . Thefacility can deliver RIB to the low energy area and a linear accelerator composed of a 4-rod RF Qand a linear accelerator can provide beam from A = 3 to 30 amu with an energy range from 0 .15 to1 .5 A*MeV. An accelerator upgrade is under way and will allow us to extend the mass range t oA=150 amu and the energy up to 6 .5 A*MeV .

A novel approach for the target/ion source station allows us to bombard the thick target wit hun-precedent beam intensity without compromising the worker safety . The target/ion sourceassembly and heavy ion optics components are located in a shield canyon under 2 m of stee lshielding allowing high proton beam intensity on thick target .

At the beginning the production target were operating at 2-5 µA but rapidly the proton beamintensity was raised to 40 µA . Now, we operate up to nearly 100 µA proton beam using the ne whigh-power target design equipped with radial fins . While, the production target capabilitie simproved quite a lot, from 2 µA to 100 µA, the ion sources development did not follow the sametrend. Since the beginning of ISAC most of the RIB production is done using the surface ion source .A 2,45 GHz ECRIS was built and used on-line with moderate success . The main problem come sfrom the fact that the gas coming from the target has a huge impact on the ionization efficiency ofthe ECRIS . Tests were performed off-line and confirm this fact . A new operating regime of theECRIS allowed us to produce 18'19Ne from a SiC target .

In order to develop new RIB at ISAC we need to develop new ion sources . A plan was elaborate t odevelop new ion sources in the near future . A resonant laser ion source (TRILIS) was develope dusing 3-Ti :Sapphire lasers equipped with the necessary frequency doubling and tripling . InDecember last year a 62Ga beam was then produced. An electron impact ion source is beingdeveloped presently. The source is very compact and radiation hard. The ion source operates at ver yhigh temperature, T> 2200 °C, which is very good for refractory elements . Emittance measurementsand ionization efficiency measurements will be completed for the mid-summer this year . Finally, anew ECRIS is being developed with the goal to obtain higher ionization efficiency and also hig hgas throughput .

- This work supported by TRIUMF through a contribution of the National Research Council o fCanada .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Contribution to Ion Source Developments for SPIRAL-2 andEURISOL

C. LAU' , S . ESSABAA' , M. CHEIKH MHAMED' , O . BAJEAT ' ,M . DUCOURTIEUX ' , H. LEFORT 1 and the SPIRAL-2 & EURISOL collaborations

1 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91406 Orsay cedex, FRANC E

Next generation facilities such as those designed in SPIRAL-2 and EURISOL projects require

dedicated radioactive ion sources. Indeed, the ion source must be capable of operating under the

very strong radiations generated by the primary beam on the production target .

In the framework of SPIRAL-2 design study, realistic and efficient solutions have been studied t o

face these unprecedented irradiation constraints .

The considered options will be described and argued .

In particular, considering FEBIAD type ion sources [1, 2, 3], the reasons to start the development o f

a new prototype, the IRENA ion source, will be presented .

The IRENA (Ionization by Radial Electrons Neat Adaptation) ion source is based on the EBGP io n

source [4] . The design of the first prototype will be presented and discussed .

References

[1] R. Kirchner, Nucl . Instr . and Meth . B 204 (2003) 179 .[2] S . Sundell et al ., Nucl. Instr . and Meth . B70 (1992) 160 .[3] H.K. Carter et al., Nucl. Instr . and Meth . B126 (1997) 166 .[4] J .M . Nitschke, Nucl. Instr . and Meth . A 236 (1985) 1 .

Topic of your presentation

Requested presentatio nRadiactive Ion Sources

Oral presentatio n

COMBINED TARGET-ION SOURCE UNIT FOR PRODUCTIONOF RARE NUCLIDES

V .N. PANTELEEV 1 , A.E . BARZAKH' , D.V . FEDOROV 1 , A.M. IONAN' ,K.A. MEZILEV ' , F .V. MOROZ ' , S.Yu. ORLOV ' , Yu.M. VOLKOV ' , A.

ANDRIGHETTO 2 , G. LHERSONNEAU 2 , V . RIZZI2, L .B . TECCHIO2 , M. DUBOIS 3,G. GAUBERT3 , P . JARDINS, N. LECESNE3, R.LEROY 3 , J.Y . PACQUET3 ,

M.G. SAINT LAURENT3 , A.C .0 VILLARI 3 , O. BAJEAT4 , S . ESSABAA4, C . LAU4 , M.

MENNA5

1 188300, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS, Gatchina, Leningrad district ,Russia2 INFN, Laboratori Nationali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Universita 2, 35020 Legnaro(Padova), Italy3 GANIL (Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds), Boulevard HenriBecquerel, BP 55027, F-14076 Caen Cedex5, Franc e4 Institute de Physique Nucleaire d'Orsay Groupe Source d'Ions, Batiment 106,Division Accelerateur, F-91406 Orsay Cedex, France5 INFN, Laboratori Nationali del Sud, via S .Sofia, 44-95123, Catani a

A combined target-ion source unit (ionising target) has been developed for the on-line production o f

radioactive single-charged ions . The target is able to withstand temperatures up to 2500 °C and acts also

as an ion source of surface, electron beam and laser ionisation . Off-line and on-line experiments with the

ionising target, housing tantalum foils and a high density uranium carbide target material, have bee n

carried out . The off-line surface ionisation efficiency measured for stable atoms of Li, Rb and Cs was

6%, 40% and 55% correspondingly at a target temperature of 2000°C and 3-10% for atoms of rare ear s

elements Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb at a temperature of 2200°C . The off-line measured value of the ionisatio n

efficiency for stable Eu and Gd atoms by the laser beam ionisation inside the target was in the region o f

2-5%. Using tantalum foil as a target material, the on-line combined target-ion source unit efficiency ,

which is the product of the ionisation and release efficiency, has been obtained within the interval 0 .1 —

7% for neutron-deficient isotopes of Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tm, Yb and Lu . These nuclides were ionized b y

the surface ionisation inside a hot tungsten target container. For neutron-rich isotopes produced from a

high density UC target which were ionised by the surface ionisation inside the target container th e

ionisation efficiency values have been obtained close to 100% for Rb and Cs and 10% for In . For Ag

and Sn neutron-rich isotopes the value of the electron beam ionisation efficiency in the volume of th e

target container equal to 3% has been obtained . The results of the combined target-ion source unit us e

for on-line laser resonant ionisation spectroscopy investigation of neutron-deficient Gd isotopes have

been also presented .

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

SURFACE CHEMISTRY STUDIES FOR "DIFFICULT" ISOL

BEAMS

H.Frânberg'' 2' 3 , M . Ammann ' , H. W. Gdggeler ' ' 2 and U. K15ster3

1 Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland .2 Bern University, Freiestr . 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland .3 ISOLDE/CERN, CH-1211 Genève 23, Switzerland.

Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) are of high interest for a great variety of applications . ISOL (Isotope

Separation On Line) facilities provide RIB with high beam intensities and good beam quality. Some

elements, such as C, N, O and F, though, are more difficult to produce in this way since they ar e

reactive and easily form chemical bonds with surrounding materials . The optimization of these

beams demands a good knowledge of their chemical interaction with surfaces in the target unit ,

which consists of target material, target container, transfer line and ion source .

An atom that is produced within the target will first diffuse out from the target material . During th e

effusion towards the transfer line and into the ion source it will have a lot of contacts with th e

surfaces around . During each contact the atom has a chance to either react with the material or a t

least stick for some time on the surface before continuing . This causes unacceptable delays in th e

transport and, hence, losses of the shorter lived isotopes .

Systematic chemical investigations were performed of potential construction materials for the targe t

and ion source unit with regards to the interaction with CO, and NOS. Offline and online tests were

carried out using a gas thermo chromatography set-up, with radioactive isotopes 11C and 13N . The

experiments were performed at the PROTRAC [1] facility at Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen ,

Switzerland. Information was retrieved on the adsorption properties of CO, and NO S .

References

[1] M. Arnmann et al ., Radiochimica Acta 89, 831-838, (2001) .

Supported by the EU-RTD project TARGISOL (HPRI-CT-2001-50033)

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

EXTRACTION OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS FROMTHE BERLIN EBIT FOR INTERACTIONS WITH A GAS

TARGET

F.ALLEN, C . BIEDERMANN, R. RADTKE

Institut fir Physik der Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin, AGPlasmaphysik, Newtonstral3e 15, 12489 Berlin and Max-Planck-Institut firPlasmaphysik, Bereich Plasmadiagnostik, EURATOM Association, Germany

Electron Beam Ion Traps (EBIT) are used for the selective production of highly charge d

ions (HCI) of low temperature . HCIs are extracted from the Berlin EBIT and separate d

according to their mass-to-charge ratio for subsequent interactions with a gas target . The

inventory of the ion trap is determined via x-ray emission spectroscopy and is compared wit h

data on the ion beam composition obtained from time-of-flight mass spectrometry .

When a HCI approaches a neutral atom one or more electrons are captured from the targe t

into Rydberg states of the ion . The classical over-the-barrier model for slow, highly charge d

projectile ions is commonly used to describe this process and estimates the principle quantu m

number of electron capture neq 75/Ib° .5 [a.u .], where q is the charge of the incident ion and

Ib is the ionisation energy of the target . On relaxation of the excited species via electro n

cascades photons are emitted. The emission spectra are characteristic of the collision system

and the state into which electrons are captured .

The beamline is equipped with a detector at the target to record the x-ray spectra resulting

from collisions of HCIs (eg . 5 keV/q Ar 'g+ , Ar17+) with a gas (eg . Ar). To determine the

capture state experimental results are compared with theoretical spectra calculated fro m

atomic data for a range of cascade situations. The velocity dependence of the angula r

momentum capture state 1, is also investigated .

Topic of your presentation :Charge Breeding

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

CHARGE STATE BREEDING OF RADIOACTIVE IONSWITH AN ECRIS AT TRIUMF

F . Ames' , R. Baartman' , P. Bricault ' , K. Jayamanna' , T . Lamy2, M . McDonald ' , M .Olivo ' , P. Schmorl , and D .H.L. Yuan'

1 TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 2A3, Canad a2 LPSC, UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, 53 Av. Des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble, Franc e

Efficient primary ion sources at ISOL facilities like ISAC at TRIUMF normally produce singl y

charged ions. This limits the usable mass range for post-acceleration due to the limited A/ q

acceptance of the first acceleration step . At TRIUMF an A/q around 6 is desirable to avoid furthe r

stripping. Thus, charge state breeding is necessary if higher masses are to be accelerated . A 14

GHZ ECR "PHOENIX" booster from Pantechnik has been chosen as a breeder due to its hig h

efficiency in producing intermediate A/q values . It has been set-up at a test bench . The singly

charged ions are produced from an ion source mounted in a standard ISAC target-ion-source set-up .

The aim of the measurements at the test bench is to find optimum conditions compatible with ISA C

operation for the charge state booster and the injection and extraction ion optics . Working with

radioactive ions always means that the system should aim for high efficiency, as the production o f

such species is limited. Therefore, special emphasis has to be put on the highest yield for the

production of the desired charge state . A second point is the extracted beam quality whic h

determines the quality of the following mass separation and transport efficiency . This will help to

reduce the background due to neighboring high intensity A/q values or scattered ions in the beam

lines . Additionally, as access to the source at its final destination in a highly radioactiv e

environment will be limited, stable operation is essential .

First results on the optimization of the ion optics and the charge breeding will be presented .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

AN ECR PLASMA SOURCE BY USING KU-BAND TWT

AMPLIFIRE FOR BROAD ION BEAM PROCESSING

T .ASAJI ' ' 2 , H . SASAKI3 , Y. KATO' and J.SAITO 2

1 Osaka Univ ., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japa n2 Tateyama Machine Co ., Ltd. (Tateyama Kagaku Group), 30 Shimonoban,

Toyama, 930-1305, Japan3 Toyama Pref. Univ., 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas have been widely used for low-pressure (< 0 .1 Pa)

process such as ion beam etching and ion implantation . To generate and conserve high-density

plasma under the low-pressure condition, good plasma confinement is required . However, th e

density of plasma confined by a magnetic field is saturated below cut-off one . In the case o f

multicharged ion sources, a microwave of high-frequency is used in order to obtain high-density

plasma. In this work, the similar method is applied to an ECR plasma source for material processin g

with broad ion beam. A traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier of Ku-band (11-13 GHz) is adopted

as a microwave source of high-frequency . Recently, the TWT amplifier is frequently used for

plasma generation, because it is more wideband, more compact and cheaper than the other source s

of high-frequency microwave . In those studies, it is shown that the efficiency of the ECR improves

by the wider resonance zone ; a TWT amplifier has broad band of frequency spectrum compared

with a klystron . Therefore, an ECR plasma source by using the amplifier is suitable for broad io n

beam processing in which a large ion current is necessary under a low-pressure condition .

Permanent magnets are designed in the shape of a couple of two combs . The magnets are set at th e

sidewall of vacuum chamber, and form magnetic field which is superior to plasma confinemen t

having a race-track or a mirror magnetic field . The magnetic field can be expected to achieve th e

plasma density as high as cut-off density (1 .5-2.1 x 10 12 cm-3 ) at low microwave power . We wil l

present design, construction, and then preliminary experimental results of the new source .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

SPUTTERING OF NEGATIVE SILICON CLUSTERS B YCESIUM ION FROM LOWERED WORK FUNCTION

SURFACE

B.ATABAEV

Arifov Institute of Electronics, 700125 Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The yields of neutral and negatively-charged silicon Si„ (n=1-4) clusters sputtered by 3 ke V

cesium ions from silicon crystal were monitored during the evaporated potassium adsorption o n

sample surface [1] . The yields of neutral silicon clusters and ionisation probability IP of negatively-

charged ions were determinated by conversion sputtered cluster to negatively ions under scatterin g

on surface with extremely low work function . The associated work function WF variations were

determinated in situ from the energy shifts of the sputtered ions emission-energy spectra . The total

change in work fuction amounted up to 2,5 eV . The lowering of WF induces an exponentia l

increase of the negatively-charged cluster emission and ionisation probability IP of the sputtere d

silicon cluster ions . The ionisation probability IP negatively-charged carbon cluster ions were

monitored for velocity effect investigation [2] . For monomer and dimer an influence of the velocit y

on the ionisation probability was odserved,whereas for larger clusters no distinct dependence wa s

found. There are two main mechanisms of cluster sputtering- recombination of spatially correlate d

recoils and direct cluster emission . The our presented experiments shown that the model of direct

emission and electron capture by sputtered clusters are confirmed . The high ionisation probability

of silicon clusters can be explained by formation of adsorbed on surface small clusters wit h

molecular electron affinity, direct electron capture from surface and intact emission by precurso r

cluster-recoil non-binary collision .

References:[1] M . Abdullaeva, B . Atabaev, R Dzabbarganov, NIMB 62, (1991) 43-46 .[2] H. Gnaser , proceedings of the ICACS-19 Conference, Paris, 2001,212 .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

ELECTRON STIMULATED DESORPTION OFMULTICHARGED IONS FROM KCl, LiF AND CsI

CRYSTALS

B.ATABAEV, Sh.S .RADJABOV, M.Kh.AKHMADJANOVA, F .R.YUZIKAEVA

Arifov Institute of Electronics, 700125 Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The surface composition of ionic crystals under low energy electron bombardment is change d

in result exitation and ionisation of cation and anion lattice . This mechanism is especially on ionic

crystals where surface anion converted by radiation into positively charged species may b e

desorbed. For oxygen containing compounds ionisation of cation and anion outer shells leading t o

desorption of variety charged species . In this abstract results of mass-spectrometric analysis o f

positively desorbed species from KC1 and LiF crystal surfaces under low electron bombardment an d

the energy E 0 and temperature dependencies of emission . It is shown that the mass spectra o f

secondary ion from KCl and Csl contents single ions of cation M + and anion X + components and

their isotopes, also molecular M n+, (Mn+1Xn)+, Xn+ ions . The yield of multiple-charged ions M q+,

Xq+ from KCl with q=2-3 and from CsI with q=2-6 have been found . The threshold energy of

emission of multicharged ions was began after ionisation inner shells L(KCL) and N(CsI) . It have

been established that the intensity and maximum charge of multiple charged ions taking place b y

different mechanisms for two observing alkali-halide crystals . The weak yield, observed i n

experiment, Li + , Lie+ from LiF is possible to connect as to a smallness of cross-section of doubl e

ionization both a component, and from ionization of adjacent atoms by multicharge ions on

"horizontal" . However, the large sizes of moleculas, in a case Csl (deep shall of ionization) increas e

its degree of ionization, producing Coulomb explosion .

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

The production of 62Zn radioactive ion beam

BaoqunCui, Liqiang Li, Yingjun Ma, Shengyun Zhu Cong Jian g

China Institute of Atomic Energy,P . O . Box 275(27), Beijing 102413,Chin a

A radioactive ion beam test-bench based on a 13MeV Tandem has been developed in Chin a

Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE) . The first radioactive ion beam 62Zn has been produced with Cu

as target. A 25keV 62Zn RIB with a intensity great than 1E6 pps has been produced and implante d

into a nano-material as a nuclear probe for research . In this report, the apparatus and it s

performance is described .

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

Production of high intensity primary beams at GANIL

C . Barué , C . Canet, M. Dubois, M . Dupuis, J .L . Flambard, G . Gaubert, P. Jardin,N. Lecesne, P . Lehérissier, F . Lemagnen, R. Leroy and J .Y. Pacquet

GANIL, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP55027, F-14076 Caen cedex 5

Two Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion sources are alternately used to produce the stable

primary beam at GANIL : ECR4 - 100 kV extraction voltage - injecting the beam into a K2 5

cyclotron C0l (injector 1), and ECR4M - 25 kV extraction voltage - injecting the beam into a K2 5

cyclotron CO2 (injector 2) . The beam is then accelerated up to 95 MeV/u by a cascade of two K280

cyclotrons, CSS1 and CSS2 . The beam extraction at 100 kV from the source of the injector 1 lead s

to a beam emittance lower compared to that of the injector 2 . Therefore, the transmission through

the cyclotron CO1 is improved, with typically 50% transmission for C01 and 25% for CO2 .

At 100 kV source extraction voltage, all source equipments must be placed on a high-voltag e

platform. Due to uncontrolable discharges in the accelerating tube, the total source intensity and the

high-voltage platform had to be limited, respectively to 2 .5 mA and 85 kV. In order to overcome

these limitations for the production of intense beams, the platform has been modified in 2004 . The

new platform configuration and preliminary results are reported . A gain intensity of a factor of two

has already been obtained for sulphur : 36S (65% enriched) 3 .2 kW at 77 MeV/u, i .e . 1 .14 pps . A

factor of 2, i .e . 3 kW, is expected for magnesium using the MIVOC method .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

SIMULATIONS OF H- EXTRACTION

R. BECKER

Institut fir Angewandte Physik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversitatMax-von-Laue-StraBe 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

After the mathematical formulation for the numerical simulation of the extraction o fif - ions from a plasma have been established in final form [1] and implemented int othe frame of the well-known simulation program IGUN [2], examples of known hig hperforming ion sources could be studied . The formulation is not sensitive to th ecreation of if ions either on the wall (preferably in cesiated sources) or in the volumeof the plasma (all kind of sources) . Therefore the cesiated SNS source as well as th enon-cesiated Desy source could be simulated. Both sources have been wel lcharacterized by measuremens, which makes the comparison with simulations veryinteresting . For the SNS source a direct comparison is possible with earlie rsimulations [3], using Pbguns [4], which has incorrect and physically notunderstandable formulations for the space charge of electrons, also ignoring the rol eof fast positive ions and of thermal cesium ions in such sources .

References[1] R. Becker, Proc . PNNIP-10, Kiev 2004, AIP conf.[2] R. Becker and W.B.Henmannsfeldt, Rev. Sci. Instrum . 63, 2756 (1992 )[3] Welton, R.F . et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 1013 (2002)[4] Boers, J .E., http ://thunderbirdsimulations .corn/

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

THE MEDEBIS OPTION OF HADRON THERAPY

R. BECKER

Institut fur Angewandte Physik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversitatMax-von-Laue-Stral3e 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

A decade of medical trials on tumor therapy by light ion irradiation, especially by C 6+ ions, has

shown superior characteristics as compared to other radiation treatment . Consequently at several

institutions and companies around the world studies are under way, how to spread out thi s

technology. While the demonstration facilities [1,2] clearly have been "physics" machines, th e

future ones will be optimized by marketing arguments . This difference in the construction and

operation of an accelerator facility is elucidated by Dieter Bôhne's statement : "Except for the ion

source performance the accelerator should look to the therapist like a x-ray tube" [3] . 15 years late r

we have seen such a development of ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) and EBIS (electron beam )

ion sources, that the ion source no longer needs to be excluded from the comparison with a x-ra y

tube. With respect to reducing investment cost, operation complexity, and power consumption th e

use of an EBIS may have significant advantages, especially in combination with a RCMS (rapi d

cycling medical synchrotron) [4] .

References

[1] K. Noda et al ., HIMAC and New Facility Design for Wide Spread Use of Carbon Cance rTherapy, Proc . APAC-2004

[2] G. Kraft et al ., First Patient's Treatment at GSI Using Heavy-Ion Beams, Proc . EPAC-98 ,http ://accelconf.web.cern .ch/accelconf/e98/PAPERS/FRX02A .PDF

[3] Bohne D., GSI-90-29, p25 (1990 )[4] S . Peggs et al ., Proc . EPAC 2002 ,

hap]/accelconf.web.cern .ch/AccelConf/e02/PAPERS/THPLE 113 .PDF

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

TESTING AND DEVELOPMENT OFA HOLLOW CATHODEION SOURCE AS ANINJECTOR OF SINGLY CHARGED

IONS FOR THE RHIC EBIS *

E.N. BEEBE' , J .G. ALESSI ' , A. KPONOU ' , C . MEITZLER2 ,A. PIKIN' , and K . PRELEC 1

1 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, US A2 Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA

In order to provide a variety of ion species to the BNL RHIC and NASA Space Radiatio n

Laboratory facilities on a pulse-to-pulse basis, the proposed BNL RHIC EBIS will use injection o f

primary "seed" ions from external low charged ion sources . A hollow cathode ion source (HCIS )

has been obtained from CEA Saclay, [1] and has been used in bench studies in the production of

low charged metal and gas ions, as well as in BNL Test EBIS injection studies for the production of

highly charged ions . The HCIS is particularly valuable at the present EBIS project stage for

beamline development and emittance studies of heavy and light ion beams of highly charged ion s

from the EBIS . Recently, we have modified both the HCIS geometry and extraction optics to b e

able to reach the output currents necessary to seed the Test EBIS which operates with electro n

beams up to 10A. Ion currents greater than 25µA Cu+ and 140µA Ne + have been extracted from

the modified HCIS at 12kV and plasma aperture 1-1 .5mm. The HCIS discharge can be initiated b y

either a HV trigger or an RF coil and can be operated stably at pulse rates from 1-100Hz. In the

current configuration, the source conditioning time appears to be -1 hour, and can be achieved i n

the normal pulsed discharge operation, which is typically in the range of 1-4A .

References[1] B . Visentin et . al ., Physica Scripta T71, 204-206, (1997) .

*This work is performed under the auspices of the U .S . Department of Energy

Topic of your presentation:High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

HIGHLY CHARGED ION YIELD AND EMITTANCE

STUDIES FOR EXTERNAL ION INJECTION INTO THE

BNL TEST EBIS*

E.N. BEEBE, J.G. ALESSI, A . KPONOU, A. PIKIN, K. PRELEC ,

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, US A

At BNL, we are preparing to build an Electron Beam Ion Source that will satisfy the requirements

of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), e .g., Au32+ ions of about 3x10 9 particles/pulse in

10-401ls pulses at 5Hz. In addition, the EBIS is required to deliver beams such as Het+ C6+ O s +

Si14+ , Tî18+ , Feel+ and Cu22+ in -2-3mA, 10µs pulses at 5Hz to meets the demands of the NAS A

Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) experimental program . Development studies have been

carried out on the BNL Test EBIS, a half length full electron beam power prototype of the proposed

RHIC EBIS . Our previous results for highly charged Au ion production and demonstrated scaling,

indicate that both the RHIC and NSRL requirements can be met . Recently we have begun to

experiment with the production of highly charged ions from lighter elements such as Cu, Ne, an d

He. External ion injection is attractive for introducing primary ions, since it gives one the ability to

switch between ion species on a pulse-to-pulse basis and also to maintain a low level o f

contamination within the EBIS . In the present experiments, singly charged ions are injected int o

the Test EBIS from a Hollow Cathode Ion Source. Details of the injection process, ion yields, an d

emittance data will be presented .

*This work is performed under the auspices of the U .S. Department of Energy

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

HEAT DISTRIBUTION IN METAL OVENS FOR ECRIS

I .FORMANOY, H .R . KREMERS, J .P.M. BEIJERS, S . BRANDENBURG

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25 ,9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands

Miniature ovens are often used in ECR ion sources for the production of multiply-charged metal -

ion beams . In the ovens used in the KVI-ECRIS we have often noticed that after a while the exit

hole is blocked by locally deposited material . Measurements of the temperature distributions insid e

the oven with thermocouples in a separate setup indeed showed a relatively large temperature drop

towards the exit hole. In order to understand this temperature drop we have performed detailed heat

transport simulations using the finite-element method. In this contribution we will present both th e

measurements and simulations and discuss the changes made in the oven design to get a more

uniform temperature distribution .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Polarized Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

THE KVI LAMB-SHIFT POLARIMETER

J.P.M. BEIJERS, H.R. KREMERS and N . KALANTAR-NAYESTANAKI

Kemfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25 ,9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands

In this contribution we will discuss the design and operation of a Lamb-Shift Polarimeter (LSP)

used to measure the polarization of proton and deuteron beams extracted from the KVI polarized -

ion source POLIS . The LSP consists of a cesium charge-exhange cell, an rf spin-filter operating a t

1609 MHz and an optical metastable-atom detection system . All these components are located

inside a long solenoid producing a very uniform magnetic field in the spin-filter that can be rampe d

from 50 to 65 mT while maintaining homogeneity . A special feature is the electrostatic-lens syste m

that decelerates the incoming ions before they are neutralized into the 2 2S metastable state b y

charge-exchange collisions in the cesium cell . The spin-filter effectively quenches all metastable s

except those that participate in the a-(3-e 3-state resonance [1] . Its operation has been modelled b y

numerically solving the optical Bloch equations that describe the simultaneous interaction of the

metastable atoms with the rf and electrostatic fields . Scanning the magnetic field over the 3-state

resonances of the various nuclear spin magnetic substates and detecting the surviving metastable s

immediately yields the polarization degree of the incoming ion beam. We will show that the LSP

meets its design goals and can determine the polarization within 60 s with a relative statistical

uncertainty of less than 1% .

Reference s[1] W.E. Lamb, Jr. and R .C . Retherford, Phys . Rev . 81, 222 (1951) .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

An AECR-type ECRIS designed for KVI, the present status

H.R.KREMERS , I . FORMANOY, J .P .M . BEIJERS, S. BRANDENBURG

Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25 ,9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlands

At KVI, a major upgrade of our present Caprice-type ECR source to an AECR-type source is i n

progress, with the main objective to significantly increase the beam intensity . This upgrade is one o f

several modifications to the cyclotron facility in order to achieve an overall beam intensity fo r

metal-ion beams of 5x10" particles /sec .

The upgraded source uses the solenoids, 14 .5 GHz RF-system and the extraction system of the

previous Caprice-type source . The new aluminum plasma chamber housing the six hexapole bar s

has been built by Jyvaskyla University and is now being installed . The big advantage of the ne w

plasma chamber is its radial access through ports between the magnet bars allowing much bette r

vacuum pumping and radial insertion of ovens or sputtering probes . Other advantages of the AEC R

design are the larger volume of the plasma chamber and a higher injection mirror ratio due to th e

absence of axial holes. Off-axis holes on the injection side are used for RF injection and ove n

insertion .

The construction and testing of subsystems of the new ECR has been started . The magnetic field of

the hexapole is measured and will be compared with calculations using a finite-element method . At

the conference we will present the latest status of the upgrade .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ECR PLASMAUSING A PINHOLE X-RAY CAMERA

E. TAKÂCS 2 , B. RADICS 2, L.T. HUDSON3 , S .BIRI ' , É. . FEKETE ' , J. IMREK2 , G.SZITASI 2 , CS . SZABÔ3 , J . PÂLINKÂS 2

1 Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), H-4026 Debrecen, Bern tér 18/C ,Hungary

2 Department of Experimental Physics, University of Debrecen, H-402 6Debrecen, Bern tér 18/A, Hungary

3 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Quince Orchar dRd ., Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

We continued measurements with a pinhole X-ray camera to image the ECR plasma . Our efforts

were focused on producing high spatial resolution images with simultaneous energy resolution for

spectral filtering in the X-ray region . The experimental assembly is similar to the one we used i n

2003 when the first series of such investigations was performed . The 1 MB pixel CCD camera

combined with a 40 micrometer X-ray pinhole was installed to the injection side of the 14 .5 GHz

ATOMKI-ECRIS . This time a special extraction slit (plasma electrode) is applied which has larg e

holes in certain radial and asymuthal positions . It makes possible for the camera to `look through '

the plasma. In this way there is no bremsstrahlung radiation and the features of the plasma itself ca n

be studied . Ar and other plasmas in low-charged and highly-charged states were produced and X -

ray pictures together with extracted beam spectra were recorded . The results of the analysis of th e

pictures will be shown .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF (111)Si SUBSTRATE B Y

IRON ION IMPLANTATION: GROWTH OF A THIN /J-FeSi2

LAYER

A.BOUABELLOU ' , R. AYACHE2 , F. EICHHORN3 , E. RICHTER3andA .MUCKLICH3

1 Laboratoire Couches Minces et Interfaces, Campus Chaab Errassas ,Université Mentouri de Constantine, 25000 Algérie .

2 Département de Pharmacie, Université de Batna, 05000 Algérie .

3 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Institut fir Ionenstrahlphysikund Materialforschung, Postfach 510119, D-01314 Dresden ,Germany.

Abstract

The processes in the synthesis of a thin layer of the semiconducting iron silicide ((3-FeSi 2) on the

surface of a single-crystal (111)Si substrate by implantation of 195 KeV Fe ions with a dose o f

8x10'7 Fe+/cm2 are investigated . Using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray

diffraction (XRD) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), the structure an d

the phase composition of the synthesized layers are studied . The infrared (IR) transmittance spectra

show the absorption at 310 cm -1 as an indication of the initial nucleation of (3-FeSi 2 precipitate s

during the implantation of iron into silicon substrate . The Raman signals for (3—FeSi2 are slightly

shifted toward lower energies .

Keywords : Surface modification, Fe ion Source, Ion implantation, (3—FeSi2, Si .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications ,

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

EFFECTS OF IMPLANTED ANTIMONY IONS O N

COPPER SILICIDATION

A.BOUABELLOU 1 , R. HALIMI ' , M . BENKERRI 2 and N. BENOUATTAS 2 .

Laboratoire des Couches Minces et Interfaces, Université Mentouri de Constantine,Constantine 25000, Algérie .

2 Département de Physique, Université de Sétif, Sétif 19000, Algérie.

Abstract

Copper silicides formation from thin copper (Cu) films and monocrystalline silicon (Si) substrate s

was investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) an d

scanning electron microscopy (SEM) . Thin Cu films, of 1000A thickness, were thermall y

evaporated onto unheated Si(100) and Si(111) wafers . Prior to Cu deposition, half of each wafe r

was antimony (Sb) implanted at 130 keV to doses of 5x10 14 and 5x1015 cm2 .The study was shown

that, independently of both implantation dose and silicon orientation, C u3 Si and Cu4 Si were formed

and grown in the temperature range 250 – 700°C . The presence of Sb ions resulted in the delay o f

the two Cu3Si and Cu4Si compounds growth which decreased with increasing the dose . The effects

of implanted Sb ions on copper silicidation and their redistribution processes were correlated .

Keywords : Antimony Ion Implantation, Silicon, Copper Silicides .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ELECTRIC-SWEEPSCANNER AND ION BEAM EMITTNA CE OF ECRIS

Y.CAO, L.T.SUN, B .H.MA, H.WANG, Y.C .FENG, J .Y.LI, H.W .ZHAO ,Z .M.ZHANG, X .Z .ZHANG, W .HE, H.Y .ZHAO, X.H.GUO, X .X.LI

Institute of Modem Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Chin a

Abstract .

With a latest developed electric-sweep scanner system, we have done a lot of experiments fo r

studying this scanner system and ion beam emittance of ECR ion source . The electric-sweep

scanner system was installed on the beam line of Lanzhou Electron Resonance Ion Source No . 3

experimental platform of Institute of Modern Physics . The repetition experiments have proven that

the system is a relatively dependable and reliable emittance scanner, and its experiment error i s

about 10 percent. We have studied the influences of the major parameters of ECR ion source on the

extracted ion beam emittance . The typical results of the experiments and the conclusions are

presented in this paper .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :click here and select

BIAS VOLTAGE AND CORROSION EFFECTS IN RFOVENS IN ECR ION SOURCES

M.CAVENAGO ' , A . GALATA' ' , T . KULEVOY ' ' 2 and S . PETRENKO' ' 2

1INFN-LNL, viale dell'Universita' n . 2, I-35020 LEGNARO, ITAL Y2 ITEP, Bolshaja Cheremushkinskaja 25, 110079, MOSCOW, RUSSI A

Induction heated miniaturized ovens were successfully coupled to ECRIS ion sources, especially fo r

the production of silver ion beam . With minor modification this technique can be extended t o

refractory elements ; moreover the possibility of biasing the oven sample (and other adjustabl e

parameters) give the possibility of matching to several plasma condition . It is natural to compare

first with elements of lower, but similar vapor pressure, and of greater interest for nuclear physic s

experiment like tin or praseodymium (as a representative of rare earth .) . Preliminary results with tin

operation show currents comparable to silver (after obvious correction for isotopic abudance), wit h

some handling difficulty to low melting point and expansion in liquid to solid transition .

Preliminary results with praseodymium shows lower currents than tin and large sensitivity t o

mixing gas used: nitrogen emerged as the best compromise against oxygen (possibly because thi s

oxides the sample) and against inert noble gases . Moreover Pr is a good electron emitter, an d

optimizes with a much less negative bias voltage (optimal bias voltage Vb from -20 to -200 V )

respect to silver (Vb about -1000 V) . Favourable effects of coating of the ECRIS chamber with P r

oxides were also noted .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

GLOBAL EQUILIBRIUM IN ECR ION SOURCES

M .CAVENAGO '

1INFN-LNL, viale dell'Universita' n . 2, I-35020 LEGNARO, ITALY

In ECRIS (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources) the neutral gas density is typically smalle r

then plasma density, which is the opposite case of many other sources, for example, radiofrequenc y

ion source for H (plus or minus) production, for which a global model of equilibrium between

ambipolar potential and several ionization channel gives predictions of electron temperature Te an d

plasma composition [1,2] . To recover similar results for ECRIS plasmas, the difficulty of a highl y

charged ion distribution and of a more complicate model of ambipolar potential should be take n

into account . Approximate solution for the highly charged ion density are written and discussed as a

function of the neutral gas density and of the electron temperature Te . Equilibrium balance laws in a

simplified ECRIS geometry are then applied . Relation of this global model results with mor e

complex 1D diffusion model are also discussed [3] .

Reference s[1] R. Zorat and D. Vender, J . Phys . D, 33 (2000) 1728 .[2] P. N. Wainman et al ., J . Vac. Sci. Technol . A 13 (1995) 246 4[3] M. A. Lieberman and A. J. Lichtenberg, Principles of Plasma Discharges and MaterialProcessing , John Wiley, New York, 1994

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

High brightness CW volume RF source developments at LBNL

S .K. HAHTO ' , T . KALVAS 1 , K.N. LEUNG ' , P . MANDRILLON2 and S . WILDE '

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA94720, USA2 AIMA-SA-Laboratoire du Cyclotron, 427 Avenue de la lanterne ,06000-Nice, France

An RF driven CW multicusp ion source with external RF antenna has been developed in LBNL .

The source can be optimized for both negative and positive ion production . External antenna desig n

enables long source lifetime and high power CW operation . Current density of 15 mA/c m 2 of H- has

been achieved so far at only 1 kW of RF power with the help of Xe- gas mixing, Cs- injection an d

LaB 6 deposition on the source surface . The source has the option of being operated either as a

volume or surface production negative ion source . When optimized for positive ion production b y

removing the filter magnets, 120 mA/cm 2 of proton current has been extracted from the source at

1 .8 kW of RF power, with over 90 % of the beam being atomic .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

RADIALLY UNIFORM CIRCULAR SWEEP OF IONBEAM

T.D.AKHMETOV, V.I .DAVYDENKO, A .A.IVANOV, V.V.KOBETS ,A.S .MEDVEDKO and M.A.TIUNOV

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, ay . Lavrentieva, 11, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russi a

The ion implanters and also the complex for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy [1] being develope d

in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, should meet several requirements, in particular, provid e

sufficiently uniform irradiation of a circular target with an ion beam, avoid local target overheating ,

and minimize beam losses outside the target . To meet these requirements, circular spiral sweep of

the ion beam was suggested. It is shown that given a small beam radius, in order to provide uniform

radial irradiation of the target, the radius of the beam center should increase as a square root of time .

In the complex for BNCT the proton beam sweep will be performed by a sweeper with unifor m

magnetic field with strength up to 500 Gs and length -20 cm, rotating at 500 Hz, and scanning ove r

the radius at a 1–10 Hz frequency . The sweeper consists of four longitudinal flat current winding s

placed near the inner walls of a box-shaped yoke with the inner opening of a square cross-section .

[1] B .F. Bayanov et al . Accelerator based neutron source for the neutron-capture and fast neutro ntherapy at hospital . Nucl. Instr. and Meth . in Phys . Res. A 413 (1998) 397

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

AN ION SOURCE WITH LaB 6 HOLLOW CATHODE FOR A

DIAGNOSTIC NEUTRAL BEAM INJECTOR

P.P.Deichuli ' , D.Beals2 G.F .Abdrashitov ' , R.Granetz 2 , A.A.Ivanov ' ,V .V.Kolmogorov' , V.V .Mishagin ' , N.V.Stupishin ' , G .I .Shul'zhenko'

1 Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russi a2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, US A

In the paper, an ion source capable of providing 8 A, 54 keV proton beam in 3 s pulses i s

described. The ion beam is extracted and accelerated in the 4-electrode ion optical system . In the

ion source, hydrogen plasma flow is generated by an arc discharge plasma box with La B6 cathode .

The plasma jet enters plasma expansion volume with peripheral multipole magnetic field and afte r

partial reflection from this field forms uniform plasma emitter of 160 mm in diameter . The plasma

box operates with an arc current 350-700 A providing more than 75% of full energy specie in th e

extracted ion beam . The ion beam is neutralized in a hydrogen target with – 50% efficiency and i s

focused 4 m downstream from the ion source that is provided by spherical shape of the grids . The

beam angular divergence is 0 .6°. The ion source was developed for neutral beam to be used fo r

plasma diagnostics at Alcator C-mod tokamak .

References[1] A.A.Ivanov et al, Rev. Sci. Instrum . 71 (10), 2000, 372 8[2] P .P.Deichuli,_ A.A.Ivanov, V.V.Mishagin, A .V.Sorokin, N.V.Stupishin, G.I.Shulzhenko ,Transactions of Fusion Science and Technology, v .47, No.IT, p. 33 0

Topic of your presentation:High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

MICROWAVE PROTON SOURCES FOR THE IUCF LENS PROJECT

V.P. Derenchuk, A . Bogdanov, A.V . Klyachko and K. Solberg

Indiana University Cyclotron Facility ,2401 Milo B . Sampson Lane, Bloomington IN, 47408 USA .

A proton injector for a 25 keV to 7 MeV LINAC has been constructed and installed [1] for the Lo w

Energy Neutron Source (LENS) project at Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) . A

microwave ion source [2] used for the IUCF cyclotrons was modified to work in this application .

The injector was developed on a test bench for three months before installing it onto the LINAC i n

December of 2004. Observations from the development work and during operation after

installation will be reported . In parallel, a 150 mA, 75 keV injector, based on the same ion source

technology, is under construction . This higher current injector will be used to inject beam into a

new 100 mA peak current LINAC that will be installed in 2006 . The LINAC duty factor is limited

to 6% and so the sources will also be limited in duty factor . The design of the 75 keV injector and

construction progress will be reported . The microwave ion source design is based on past work a t

Los Alamos[3] and Chalk River[4] .

Reference s[1] V .P. Derenchuk, el . al ., "The LENS 7 MeV, 10 mA Proton Linac", Proc . 2005 Particl eAccelerator Conf., Knoxville, TN (2005). To be published .[2] Vladimir P . Derenchuk, "A continuous wave microwave proton ion source and low energ ybeam transport for the IUCF cyclotrons", Rev. Sci . Instrum . 75, 1851 (2004) .[3] T. Taylor and J . F . Mouris, Nucl . Instrum. MethodsPhys.Res. A336,1 (1993) .[4] J. D. Sherman et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum. 73, 917 (2002) .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

TOWARDS ELECTRON STRING PHENOMENON

UNDERSTANDING

EVGENYE.DONETS ,

Laboratory of High Energies, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ,Dubna, Moscow region, 141980, Russi a

Electron accumulation in the tubular EBIS-inspired geometry is considered theoreticall y

within the framework of the Vlasov-Maxwell kinetic approach, which is only adequate too l

for studies of tubular beam/string steady state and its instabilities in the reflex mode o f

tubular EBIS operation. The increments y, t , b for some relevant growing instabilities are

found analitically in the frame of linear perturbation theory and a set of key sourc e

parameters will be discussed from this viewpoint . Clearly, the rapid exponential growth of

the linear perturbation with the increment y uh can continue only a finite time . Effect of

nonlinear saturation is considered by the studying the trapping of electrons in the movin g

potential well of the perturbation . It is shown that the exponential growth of the linea r

perturbation will cease at the time tsat when the particle is turned around in the potential

well . The time of nonlinear saturation tsar and the corresponding saturation amplitude of th e

electric field perturbation Esau are estimated as well, that provide some possible scenario s

for a tubular electron string formation and its self-stabilization in a steady state with the

electron energy spread appeared . A possible comparison of the obtained theoretical results

with first experimental data, obtained with new JINR tubular electron beam ion sourc e

Krion-2T [2] will be done .

References

[1] E.E. Donets, Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2 (2004) 97-106 ;

http ://e j .iop.org/links/q79/H8nVfm+kxAAxC8dEsJksBQ/jpconf4 2 013 .pdf

[2] E.D. Donets et al ., this ICIS-05 Conference .

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

PRODUCTION OF MULTIPLY CHARGED ION BEAMSFROM SOLID SUBSTANCES IN THE MVINIS ION SOURCE

I . DRAGANI, T. NEDELJKOVIC AND A . DOBROSAVLJEVI C

Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory of Physics (010) ,P. O. Box . 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegr o

The mVINIS Ion Source has enabled us to obtain the multiply charged ion beams from soli d

substances (Zn, Pb etc.), using the inlet system based on a micro-oven for evaporation of soli d

substances [1] . In order to increase the intensity of the ion beams, a cilindrical Ta screen was

inserted into the plasma chamber, to prevent metal ions from condensing on the chamber walls . The

limitation factor of this technique is the maximal operating temperature of the micro-oven, bein g

900 °C. Our goal is the production of the intense multiply charged ion beams from Fe and B usin g

metal-ions-from-volatile-compounds (MIVOC) method [2], to be used for modification of

polymers, metal-fullerene synthesis, and implantation in carbon materials . The mVINIS Ion Source

is employed for production of multiply charged ion beams from special compounds of Fe (ferocene )

and B (carboran) using a new inlet system . The advantages of the new system are : its fabricatio n

and use is simple, the produced ion beams are stable in a long term, and the rate of consumption o f

the compounds is low. The hot screen effect and the gas mixing effect are used as well. The

obtained spectra o solid substances (Zn, Fe, B) are presented as well as some of correspondin g

experimental results .

Reference s

[1] A. Dobrosavljevié, A . Efremov, I . Draganié, S . Dekié and T . Stalevski, Progress report on themVINIS ion sources, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 72, No 2, (2000) 915-917 .[2] H . Koivisto, J . Arje and M. Nimura, Metal Ion Beams from an ECR Ion Source using VolatileCompounds, Nuc. Inst. and Meth . B, 94 (1994) 291-196 .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

DESIGN OF THE CHANNEL FOR IRRADIATION O FMATERIALS WITH HIGHLY CHARGED ION BEAM S

OBTAINED FROM THE MVINIS ION SOURC E

M . SILJEGOVIC, A. DOBROSAVLJEVIC, I . DRAGANIC, B . CIZMIC ,and G. JELIC

Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Laboratory of Physics (010) ,P . O. Box . 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegr o

Eck

The low energy part of the TESLA Accelerator Installation comprises an ECR ion sourc e

(the mVINIS Ion Source) and the channel for modification of materials (L3A) . The L3A channel i s

long and has low beam transmission (30-50%), so it is not suitable for high dose implantation s

(over 1 0 16 cm-2) . Therefore, we are planning to introduce a new experimental channel (L4), close t o

the mVINIS Ion Source, where we shall be able to achieve high beam currents on the target and ,

consequently, irradiation of materials to high doses . During the ion implantation we shall be able t o

measure dose rate, achieve uniform dose distribution by a mechanism for x and y sampl e

movements, and control the sample temperature in the range of 0-200 °C .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

STATUS OF THE ION SOURCE DECRIS-SC

A.EFREMOV, V. BEKHTEREV, S . BOGOMOLOV, S .DMITRIEV, A.LEBEDEV ,M.LEPORIS, A .NIKIFOROV, S .PASCHENKO, B .YAKOVLEV, N.YAZVITSKY ,

V.DATSKOV, V.DROBIN, V .SELEZNEV, G.TSVINEVA, YU.A.SHISHOV

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, 141980 Russi a

A new "liquid He-free" superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source DECRIS-SC, t o

be used as an injector for the compact IC-100 cyclotron, has been designed and built in cooperatio n

between the FLNR and LHE (JINR) . The main feature is that a compact refrigerator of the Gifford-

McMahon type is used to cool the solenoid coils . Due to a very small cooling power at 4 .2 K (about

1 W) our efforts were aimed at optimizing the magnetic structure and minimizing external heatin g

of the coils . The maximum magnetic field strengths are 3 T and 2 T in the injection and extractio n

regions, respectively . When the source had been assembled and magnetic field measured, the io n

source was immediately installed at the injection line of the cyclotron . During the first tests, which

were run only a few days, some problems arose due to a relatively poor efficiency of the bea m

transport and analyzing line . From the moment of the first reliable beam production up to now th e

ion source has been operating continuously for the cyclotron tuning and then for the experiment .

Some results of the one year operation are reported .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Direct 1+ to n+ method for production of radioactive alkalineions.

C.ELEON ' , O. TUSKE2 , G. GAUBERT ' , J.Y. PACQUET ' , M. DUBOIS ' , M.G.SAINT LAURENT' , P . JARDIN' , J . CORNELL', R. LEROY '

1 GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds), Bd H . Becquerel, BP 55027,14076 CAEN cedex 5, FRANCE2 adresse O. Tuske

Abstract .

In the frame of the production of radioactive ion beams by ISOL method (Isotope Separator On

Line), a new principle of TISS (Target Ion Source System) has been developed at GANIL to

produce multi-charged ions of alkalis . The principle consists in a surface ionization sourc e

associated to a multi-charged ECRIS (Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion source) name d

NANOGAN III [1] presently used to produce radioactive ions of gas on SPIRAL I ("Systeme de

Production d'Ions Radioactifs en Ligne partie I") . The singly-charged ions are injected in the multi -

charged ion source without mass separation, through a very short beam line including several stage s

of acceleration, focussing, deceleration and RF injection . The first tests shown a good behaviour o f

the ECRIS with the new RF (Radio-Frequency) coupling . A study of the surface ionisation source i s

in progress in order to improve its coupling to the 1+ beam line .

References[1] R. Leroy et al ., AIP Conf. Proceedings of 1 6 th International Workshop on ECR ion source sECRI'S 04, ed . Vol . 749 (2004) p .137

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Practical Experience in Extending the ISIS H- Ion Source DutyCycle

£0

D . C . FAIRCLOTH , M. O. WHITEHEAD and T. WOOD

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, United Kingdo m

The ISIS H- Penning Surface Plasma Source (SPS) is currently being developed on the Ion Sourc e

Development Rig (ISDR) at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in order to meet th e

requirements for the next generation of high power proton drivers .

The source, which currently produces 35 mA of H- ions during a 200us pulse at 50 Hz fo r

uninterrupted periods of up to 50 days, is regarded as one of the leading operational sources in th e

world .

Finite element modelling has been used previously [1][2] to study the effect of increasing the dut y

cycle . The main requirement to allow increased duty cycles is improved cooling . The simple

changes in source design to allow duty cycles of 1 .5ms at 50Hz are described . The parameters

required to operate at long duty cycles and the effect on beam current and emittance are discussed .

Reference s[1] D. Faircloth et al, "Thermal Modelling of the ISIS H- Ion Source", Review Of Scientifi cInstruments, Volume 75, Number 5, May 2004 .[2] D. Faircloth et al, "Extending the Duty Cycle of the ISIS H- Ion Source, Therma lConsiderations" TUPLT139, EPAC04, Lucerne, July 2004 .

AcknowledgementThis work was supported by the European Union High Performance Negative Ion Source (HP-NIS )network, contract number HPRI-CT-2001-50021 .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

Estimation of the Cusp Loss Width of Electron Energyin Negative Ion Sources

A .FUKANO' , T. MIZUNO2 , A.HATAYAMA2 and M. OGASAWARA2

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan College o fTechnology, 1-10-40 Higashioi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japa n

2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi ,Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan

Loss width of electron energy in the cusp magnetic field in negative ion source is investigate d

analytically . Energy and particle transport equations for electrons in the cusp magnetic field ar e

solved with heat flux and particle flux parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field[l, 2] . Effect

of ambipolar diffusion is taken into account . Electron temperature and density perpendicular to th e

magnetic field are assumed to decrease exponentially with each decay length, and an expression o f

a ratio of the temperature decay length to the density decay length is obtained . The decay length,

i .e ., the loss width of the electron energy is smaller than that of the particle . This is mainly becaus e

that the electron energy transport along the magentic field towards the wall surface is faster than th e

particle transport along the magentic field line . The ratio of the cusp loss width is not much

changed even if the electron temperature and density change significantly . These results are due to

the large value of the coefficient which expresses the ratio of the heat flux to the particle flux alon g

the cusp magnetic field to the wall surface of the ion source just in front of the cusp magnet .

Reference s[1] K. Borrass, Nucl . Fusion. 31, 1035 (1991) .[2] R. A.Bosch and R . L.Merlino, Phys . Fluids . 29, 1998 (1986) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

ENHANCEMENT OF ION CURRENT FROM THE TRIPSSOURCE BY MEANS OFDIFFERENT ELECTRON

DONORS

S .GAMMINO ' , G . CIAVOLA, L . CELONA' , L . TORRISI ' , S . PASSARELLO ' ,A. GALATA' 2 , M. PRESTI ' , D. MASCALI ' , L. ANDO ' , S. MANCIAGLI '

1 INFN-LNS, Catania, Ital y2 INFN-LNL, Legnaro, Ital y

A series of measurements were carried out with the TRIPS proton source to determine the

effectiveness of different materials as electron donors .

It is well known that the use of boron nitride (BN) disks inside the plasma chamber increases th e

current extracted from a microwave discharge ion sources, generating additional electrons . In the

past, we replaced one of the two disks with a coating over the extraction electrode . The coating o f

40 µm of Al203 was effective and the current increased about 10%, but after less than 200 hours th e

coating was heavily damaged so this procedure is not appealing for long-lasting operating . The test s

here reported concerns three different options, with the use of three different electron donors :

a) a thicker 100 µm Al203 layer deposited over the extraction electrode, with the sam e

charachteristics and technique of the previous 40 µm coating ;

b) a 1 mm thick aluminium foil over which an alumina layer is deposited ;

c) a 5 mm thick Al203 tube embedded in the plasma chamber of the TRIPS source (the oute r

diameter of the tube being slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the chamber) .

The tests were carried out in the same conditions as for magnetic field topology and only rf power

and gas input were variable . A special attention was paid to the proton fraction . In fact this

parameter is strongly influenced by the presence of a higher number of electrons, as the ionizing

interactions increase . More generally, a higher proton fraction can be considered as a signature of

the higher availability of electrons in the plasma . The results of the experiments will be presente d

along with the evidence of higher reliability with a thick alumina tube .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Direct 10 GHz HFfeed-through plasma device with theNANOGAN HI ion source for SPIRA L

G.GAUBERT' , C . BARUE', C. CANET ' , M . DUBOIS ' , M . DUPUIS ' , C . ELEON ' ,J .L . FLAMBARD ' , P. JARDIN ' , N . LECESNE ' , P. LEHERISSIER ' , F .LEMAGNEN ' , R. LEROY ' , J .Y. PACQUET' , M.G. SAINT-LAURENT ' , ACC .VILLARI ' .

1 GANIL, BP55027, 14076 CAEN Cedex 5

NANOGAN III is a 10 GHz ECRIS dedicated to the ionisation of exotic nuclei coming from th e

target production in the SPIRAL system at GANIL [1] . The graphite target is placed just behind the

ion source and the produced radioactive noble gases effuse to the plasma through a coaxial coppe r

cold tube . This tube is also used to transform the UHF wave coming from a rectangular guide to a

coaxial one, wich a coupled to the ECR plasma by mean of a tuning cavity system . The cavity i s

tuned on a tests bench but is not on line adjustable . The stability and reliability of the bea m

extracted from the ion source is very dependent of this UHF tuning and the support gas injection .

Outgasing during the irradiation of the target give sometime new conditions for the plasma and on e

could need another UHF or gas adjust .

This work present another mechanical solution to inject the UHF wave in the plasma . The

rectangular wave guide is directly transform in a circular one with a cone . The tuning system i s

suppressed and the beam adjustment is only done with the support gaz control . Results of the two

systems are given and compared .

Referenc e[1] A.C .C . Villari, F . Landré-Pellemoine et al ., Conference on the Application of Accelerators i nResearch and Industry, Denton, Texas, USA Oct . 2000, American Institute of Physics, 0-7354-0015-6, 2001 .

Topic of your presentation:Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

ELECTROSTATIC PLASMA LENS FOR

A CCELERA TOR INJECTION APPLICATION

Yu. CHEKH ' , A. DOBROVOLSKY ' , A.GONCHAROV ' , I . PROTSENKO 1and I . BROWN2

1 Institute of Physics NASU, 46 pr . Nauky, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, US A

We describe the results of investigations of the suitability of the electrostatic plasma lens as a

focusing element in the low energy injection beam lines of particle accelerators . There is a proble m

in the use of high current ion sources for accelerator injection, in that low-energy, high-current io n

beams are subject to severe space-charge blowup and beam loss when the beam is passed throug h

any of the traditional beam focusing or steering devices, because of the loss of space-charg e

neutralization of the beam within these elements . There is a need for new high current ion bea m

elements that preserve space-charge neutralization . The electrostatic plasma lens provides on e

possible solution . A concern, however, has to do with the possible negative influence of the lens o n

the emittance of the focused beam . Our results indicate that under optimal lens conditions, beam

focusing is determined by the initial emittance as determined by the ion source, and beam emittanc e

is preserved upon transport through the lens [1,2] . These results indicate the suitability of the len s

for a range of applications that call for focusing of wide-aperture, high-current, moderate energy,

heavy metal ion beams produced by vacuum arc ion sources, including for application in low

energy injection beam lines between the ion source and pre-accelerator system .

References[1] A. Goncharov, I . Protsenko, G . Yushkov and I . Brown, Appl . Phys. Lett . 75(7), 911 (1999) .[2] A. Goncharov and I . Brown, IEEE Trans . Plasma Sci. 32, 80 (2004) .

A Modified Miniature MEVVA Source for Shanghai EBIT

Guangtian Du, Manli Huang and Panli Guo

Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of sciences, 20180 0

Shanghai china, Fax, 086-21-5955535 1

EBIT experiments shows that over 10 9 ion per shot produced by ion source is acceptable . We

emphasis on operation reliability, long maintenance period and convenience . The source has a targe t

change equipment. In extract-ion area pumping channels are added for reducing the deposition o f

vapors on insulator surfaces . All insulators are lathed, therefore, the relative dimensions are ver y

precise. Except a large insulation tube, all parts are mounted in a frame, so the assembly an d

disassembly are very convenient . When we replace the cathode (central bar or trigger as cathode) ,

we only change the target head which has a screw to fix in its base . The central bar cathode i s

1 .5mm in diameter. The extractor is a three electrode system and their central bar apertures are th e

same, 1mm in diameter. The arc power supply is RC discharge circuit and its current can reach ove r

100A, The trigger power supply can provide a pulse width of 5-10µs and 15kv voltage .

The beam intensities of Fe : 2 .5mA, Au: 2.2mA, Ge : 3mA have been measured by a 015mm

Faraday cup located behind the source and a einzel lens, while their pulse width are 100-120µs .

Under the conditions of 0 .55Hz trigger, the insulators can withstand over 6000 shots withou t

cleaning, while the beam intensities are 0 .6mA with 20-30µs pulse width .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

Correlation of beam uniformity and magnetic filter strength in aCs-seeded negative ion sourc e

M.Hanada' , T.Seki ' , N .Takado2, T .Inoue ' , T.Mizuno2, A.Hatayama2, M.Kashiwagi ' ,K .Sakamoto ' , M.Taniguchi ' and K.Watanabe '

1 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Naka-machi, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken,311-0193, Japan

2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama223-8522, Japan

The origin of the beam non-uniformity, that is one of the key issues in large Cs-seeded negative io n

sources for JT-60U and ITER, was experimentally examined by measuring correlations between the

intensity of the H - ion beam and plasma parameters such as an electron temperature and plasm a

density in the JAERI 10 A negative ion source . The ion source was seeded with a small amount o f

cesium to enhance the negative ion production . The spatial distribution of the beam intensity wa s

non-uniform, and was absolutely different from that before seeding cesium . From the correlation

between the beam intensity and the plasma parameters, it was foreseen that the beam non -

uniformity was due to the localization of the plasma caused by B x \7B drift of the fast electro n

from filaments, and subsequent non-uniform distribution of H° atoms . Here, B is the magnetic fiel d

near the plasma grid, and the sum of the magnetic filter field and the confinement magnetic file d

around ion source . The magnetic filter field was weakened to suppress the B x \B drift, and the n

the spatial uniformity of the beam intensity was examined . With the weak magnetic filter field, the

beam uniformity was largely improved while the beam intensity integrated along the longitudina l

direction was kept to be constant.

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

SIMULATION OF GRIDDED BROAD BEAM ION SOURCES

FOR ULTRAPRECISE SURFACE PROCESSING

ST.JANKUHN , F. SCHOLZE, E. HARTMANN and H. NEUMANN

Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, D-04318 Leipzig, German y

Multi-aperture multi-grid broad beam ion sources find wide application in surface processing and ,

recently, in spacecraft propulsion. For a survey of the complex processes particularly including th e

secondary ones, which occur in such an ion source, an efficient simulation appears indispensable .

At first this was based on the IGUN trajectory code [1], developed further to a modular simulatio n

technique [2] . Notwithstanding the progress attained [3], the trajectory-based methodology stil l

revealed restrictions which, for example with regard to the plasma density profiles at the sheat h

could be only overcome by a laborious fit procedure [4] .

For widening the methodological framework we resorted to the object-oriented particle-in-cel l

method (implemented in the XOOPIC code [5]) which allows to include external magnetic fields i n

spherical approximation, plasma excitation under current load and to treat beam neutralisation an d

beam-target interaction in a direct way . In our modelling, with our own ISQ040DC source as

reference case, the whole ion beam technological process was broken down into the abov e

mentioned consecutive steps, and for all of them we give plausible quantitative results on loca l

potentials, charge carrier distributions etc .

In future work, the efficiency of the PIC simulation methodology will be enhanced both by compu-

tational parallelisation as well as by an interactive cooperation with trajectory-based subroutines .

References[1] R. Becker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67 (1996) 1132.[2] M. Tartz, E . Hartmann, F . Scholze and H . Neumann, Surf. Coatings Technol . 97 (1997) 504 .[3] M. Tartz et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum. 71 (2000) 678 ; 71 (2000) 732; 73 (2002) 928 .[4] M. Tartz, E .Hartmann and H. Neumann, Suf. Coatings Technol . 142-144 (2001) 34 .[5] J .P .Verboncoeur, A .B. Langdon and N .T. Gladd, Comput . Phys . Commun . 87 (1995) 199 .

Topic of your presentation :Plasma Theory and Diagnostics

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

OPTIMIZATION OF A LOW ENERGY ION OPTIC DESIGNFOR HIGH RATE AND HIGH COLLIMATION ION BEA M

ETCHING APPLICATIONS

E.Wâhlin' , D. Siegfried ' , I . Kameyama l , V. Kanarov2 , R . Yevtukhov2 , and A. Hayes2

1 Veeco Instruments, Inc, 2330 E . Prospect, Ft Collins, CO, US A2 Veeco Instruments, Inc, Terminal Drive, Plainview, NY, USA

As part of the development of a low energy (100 - 500 eV), high rate, and highly collimated io nbeam etching source for critical device fabrication, commercially named NEXUS TM 420, we haveinvestigated various practical 3 and 4-grid ion optic configurations . This was done by simulatio nand by experiment using a 19-aperture array grid assembly on a 16 cm rf ion source test stand and ascanning ion detector . Versions of both 3-grid and 4-grid designs were optimized for the desire dbeam divergence and perveance . These results were subsequently verified on full grid versions o fthe optimized designs tested with the NEXUS TM 420 plasma source [1] . As part of the ion optic stesting, the sensitivity of the beam divergence of low energy ion beams on the beam neutralizatio ncondition was demonstrated and it was found that both ion optic designs are capable of extractin gvery collimated ion beams at high current densities (up to 0 .5 mA/cm2) over the entire energy rangeunder optimum beam neutralization conditions . The lowest beam divergence (divergence angle3°) was obtained for the 4-grid design, however the results for the 3-grid design (J 4°) als oexceeded the process beamlet divergence requirements . The 3-grid design performed better in full -scale source testing, and has the major advantage in industrial applications of being less comple xand thereby less expensive and more reliable, and was for these reasons chosen for initia lcommercial implementation . A full description of the etching requirements, NEXUS TM ion sourcedesign and performance characteristics with 3-grid optics over a wide energy range is given i nreference [1] .

References[1] V. Kanarov, et al, abstract jointly submitted to ICISO5

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

SURFACE-PLASMA GENERATION of NEGATIVE IONS i nGAS DISCHARGES WITHOUT CESIUM

V . DUDNIKOV, and J .P. FARRELL

Brookhaven Technology Group, Inc . Setauket NY US A

Surface-plasma generation of extracted H- ions in gas discharges without addition of cesium will be

analyzed. At the present time, it is common consensus that surface-plasma generation of extracte d

H- ions= dominates above volume processes in discharges with admixture of cesium or othe r

catalysts with low ionization potential . We will present evidence that surface-plasma generation ca n

be enhanced in high density discharges without cesium after electrode activation by hig h

temperature conditioning in the discharge . The diffusion of impurities with low ionization potentia l

are the presumed cause of the observed H emission enhancement . For the effective generation of H-

ion beams in discharges without cesium, it is necessary to optimize surface-plasma generation o f

extracted IT ions. Such optimization allows considerable improvement of H -/D- sources

characteristics .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF THE SECRAL

SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET SYSTEM

W. HE''2, H. W. ZHAO' , H . Y. ZHAO ' ° 2 , Y. CAO' , Z. M . ZHANG 1 ,L . T. SUN' , X. ZH. ZHANG' , X . H. GUO ' , H. WANG ' , B . H. MA' ,

J. Y. LI ' , Y . CH . FENG ' and X. X. LI '

1 Institute of Modem Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China

2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking, 100049 ,China

An advanced superconducting ECR ion source named SECRAL is being constructed at Institute o f

Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The ion source is designed to operate at rf

frequency 18-28 GHz with axial mirror magnetic field 3 .6-4.0 Tesla at injection, 2 .2 Tesla at

extraction and sextupole field 2 .0 Tesla at the plasma chamber wall . The superconducting magnet

assembly consists of three axial solenoid coil and six sextupole coil with a cold iron structure a s

field booster and clamp . In order to investigate the structural integrities and to increase th e

structural reliabilities of the magnet system, global and local structural analyses have bee n

performed for various operation scenarios by developing three-dimensional finite element models .

Coil winding and support structure design of magnet system, mechanical calculation and stres s

analysis are given in this paper . From the analysis results, it has been found that the magnet syste m

can safely withstand the reference operation scenarios and the structural integrity of the magne t

complies with requirements of the design criteria for SECRAL magnet system .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTS OF PIG ION

SOURCE WITH ELECTRON INJECTION

W . HE ''2, H . W. ZHAO' , H. Y. ZHAO '' 2 , Y. CAO' , Z. M. ZHANG ' ,L. T. SUN' , X. ZH . ZHANG' , X. H. GUO' , H . WANG ' , B . H. MA ' ,

J. Y. LI ' , Y. CH. FENG ' and X. X. LI '

1 Institute of Modem Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China

2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking, 100049 ,China

An improved Penning ion source has been developed with an electron gun which injects electron s

to the discharge chamber and a hollow cathode made of LaB 6 . A test bench for this PIG ion source

was set up . An existing source magnet was rebuilt to satisfy request for magnetic field configure o f

the PIG ion source . Numerical calculations have been performed on the magnetic field structure

which has the primary electrons fed widely to the PIG chamber along the spreading magnetic line s

of force. The use of monocrystalline LaB 6 cathode drastically reduces the necessary heating powe r

at the same electron current, which should increase the lifetime of the filament and the cathode .

These are expecting to produce a more efficient discharge and a good positive ion output .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Effect of the plasma electrode position and shape on the beam intensity o fthe highly from RIKEN 18 GHz ECRI S

Y.HIGURASHI ' , T. NAKAGAWA' , M. KIDERA 1 , T . AIHARA2 ,K .KOBAYASHI 2 , M . KASE ' , A . GOTO' and Y. YANG '

' RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JAPAN2 SAS Ltd, Kita-shinagawa 5-9-11, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,Japa n

In the last several years, we intensively studied the effect of the plasma electrode position on th e

beam intensity of medium charged heavy ions from RIKEN 18 GHz ECRIS .[1,2] By optimizing the

position, we obtained 2mA of Arg+, 0 .3mA of Xe20+ by moving the electrode toward the EC R

zone.[2]Very recently We successufuly incresaed the beam intensity of highly charged hevay ions ,

such as Ar i 1+ ' 12+, when we keep the electrode away from the ECR zone . In this experiment we could

easily obtained more than 300 elaA of Ar 11+ at the RF power of 600W .

It is clear that the plasma electrode position affects both of beam extraction condition and plasm a

conditons at the electrdoe hole. To clarify the effect of the electrode position on the plasm a

condition at the plasma electrdoe hole, we produced the beam by uisng the various shape of th e

plasma electrode without chnaging the position of plasma electrdoe hole . If the extarction conditio n

mainly affects the beam intensity, beam intensity dose not change with changing the shape of the

electrode . However, we observed that the beam intensity of Ar ions strongly dependent on the shap e

of the electrdoe even if we keep the same position of plasma electrdoe hole .

In this paper, we report the experimenatl results mentioned above in detail and discuss about th e

effecet of the plasma electrdoe position .

References[1]Y. Higurashi et al, NIM A510(2003)20 6[2]T. Nakagawa eta 1, NIM B226(2994)39 2

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

DEVELOPMENT IN ECR AND NEGATIVE ION SOURCES

C.BIETH' , S. KANTAS ' and Y . JONGEN 2

1 Pantechnik, 12 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 CAEN, France2 I .B .A, Chemin du Cyclotron 3, B-1348 LOUVAIN LA NEUVE, Belgique

During the last fifteen years PANTECHNIK has developed, with various laboratories an d

companies, a family of ECR ion sources. Many of PANTECHNIK's ECRIS are running in the

world. New ECR sources, like SUPERNANOGAN, the ECRIS used for hadron therapy with

Carbon, proton, helium and oxygen beams, for which the long-term stability and ripple are

important issues . After lot of efforts and tries, we have significantly improved these two parameters

and reached the required values for a medical application . Another development is MICROGA N

Industry, a small permanent magnet source for ion implantation and applications requiring hig h

currents, several mA, of medium and low charge state beams . One of our last developments, but not

the least, is the ECRIS PKDELIS . In association with N .S.C. the Nuclear Science Centre in New -

Delhi, the first High Temperature Superconducting ECRIS has been built .

This source introduces a new technology `HTS technology' to the world of ECR ion sources .

More recently, PANTECHNIK has started a new challenging project . In a close collaboration wit h

IBA, Ion Beam Applications s .a. Belgium, the aim is to improve an existing H- ion source . The H-

beam current will be increased from 5 to 15 then to 25 mA. Beam stability and filament life-tim e

will also be assessed . This paper will present the results of this work, including beam characteristic s

at different levels of intensity .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

FULLERENES IN ECR ION SOURCES

S .BIRI I , A. KITAGAWA2 , M . MURAMATSU2 , É . FEKETE ' and A . JANOSSY3

1 Institute of Nuclear Research (ATOMKI), H-4026 Debrecen, Bern tér 18/C ,Hungary

2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage ,Chiba, 263-8555, Japan

3 Technical University of Budapest, Dept . of Exp. Physics, H-1521 Budapest ,PO Box 91, Hungary

Fullerene plasmas and beams have already been produced in several ECR ion sources for differen t

scientific aims. In this presentation we give a survey on experiments and results obtained in fou r

ECR ion source configurations . The ATOMKI-ECRIS is a traditional ion source with solenoid coil s

and was operated at 14 .5 GHz (klystron) and at 9 GHz (TWT) frequencies . The variable frequency

(9 . .11 GHz, TWT) NIRS-KEI-1 and NIRS-KEI-2 are ECR ion sources built from permanen t

magnets and specialised for the production of carbon beams . The presentation will summarize th e

experiments and results obtained by these facilities as follows :

1. Production of intense, single-charged and multiply-charged fullerene beams. The highest C6 0

beam intensity with the NIRS-KEI-1 source was 500 nA at 1 KV extraction potential . The effect of

the gas-mixing on the fullerene intensities was also examined .

2. Production and investigation of broken fullerenes (pure carbon plasmas ; small clusters with

n=3 . . .15 carbon atoms ; fullerene derivatives with n=58, 56, 54, etc) . Effect of the microwave power

on the intensities of single and double charged fullerene derivatives .

3. Mixing of fullerenes with other plasmas (N, Fe) with the aim of poducing endohedral an d

exohedral fullerenes . We successfully produced iron encapsulated nitrogen atoms both in beam an d

in macroscopic form. In case of iron two methods (ferrocene, oven) were tested .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Study on a high-current helicon ion source for neutro ngenerator application

H. D . Jung, J . Y. Park, K. J . Chung, M . J . Park, I . J. Kim, H. D. Choi and Y . S .Hwang

Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, KOREA, 151-740

A neutron generator using a helicon ion source has been developed . Deuterium ion beams from the

helicon ion source are bombarded directly onto the biased titanium target as a drive-in type target ,

where neutrons are generated through D(d, 3He)n reaction . Ion beams of IOmA with the energy o f

20 keV are extracted from the helicon ion source and delivered to the target biased at the hig h

voltage of -50kV . Neutron yields with the 70kV beams are expected to be around 10 8 #/s . In thi s

application, high atomic fraction as well as high current is the most important ion sourc e

characteristics . High density plasmas with high electron temperatures are generated by launchin g

helicon waves with a helical antenna in various magnetic field configurations . Fractions of

deuterium ion beam species are measured using a dipole electromagnet. By changing ion source

operating conditions including magnetic field configuration, plasma parameters such as plasm a

density, plasma temperature, and electron energy distribution are optimized for both high atomi c

fraction and high beam current . Also, neutron generation efficiency according to the fraction will b e

presented .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

If ion beam extraction from a transformer coupled plasma sourc ewith triode extraction system

H.S. Jeong, Y.J. Kim and Y. S. Hwang

Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University . ,San 56-1, Shinrim 9 Dong, Kwanak Gu, Seoul, South Kore a

H- ion beam sources has been devloped by using a high density Transformer Coupled Plasm a

(TCP) source . Recently, its exctraction system has been upgraded to triode extraction system fo r

efficient beam extraction. In the triode extraction system, permanent magnets in dipol e

configuration are embeded into extraction electrode to provide sufficient magnetic fields for

filtering out fast electrons . Electrode shapes, hole sizes and gap distances are optimized for hig h

beam currents with low beam emittances by using PBGUNS code . Characteristics of the extracted

I- ion beams are measured with a Faraday-cup and an emittance scanner . Source performances with

the new extraction system will be discussed in terms of plasma parameters as well as beam optics .

In addition, a biased collar will be introduced into the filter region to control plasma potential nea r

extraction region since RF plasma source has very high plasma potential . With different collar

materials such as stainless steel and tantalum, W ion production enhanced by surface production o f

excited hydrogen molecule will be discussed .

Study of a duoplasmatron-type ion source to form a gas-io n

nanobeam using a double acceleration lens system

Yasuyuki Ishii, Akira Isoya, Shuichi Ozawa, Atsuya Chiba and Mitsuhiro

Fukuda

Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energ y

Research Institute, 1233 Watanuki-machi Takasaki Gunma 370-1292, Japa n

A beam focusing system using double acceleration lenses, combined with a

duoplasmatron-type ion source, has been developed to form a gas-ion nanobeam with several

tens of nanometer diameter beam spot size in the region of keV. The duoplasmatron-type ion

source using a non-magnetic anode was designed to generate a gas-ion beam with a narro w

energy spread and high brightness [1] . Since a beam energy spread, generated from the ion

source, causes a chromatic aberration at a beam spot, the gas-ion beam with a narrow beam

energy spread was required to reduce its aberration within the beam spot size . The beam

energy spread within 2 eV has been achieved by generating an gas-ion beam from a plasma

beam led into a high vacuum space between an anode and an extraction electrode on the basi s

of assuming that collisions between neutral gases and ions in a low vacuum space are one o f

main reasons of a wide beam energy spread . Enhancement of the beam brightness is als o

required to keep a beam current more than some tens of picoampare even for reduction of th e

beam spot size to tens of nanometer diameter by optimizing positions of anode and extractio n

electrode on keeping the narrow beam energy spread .

Referenc e

[1]YIshii, R.Tanaka and A.Isoya, Nue . Instr. And Meth . B 113(1996)75

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Total efficiency of an ISOL production system based on a nECRIS associated with a carbon target: the case of SPIRAL I

P . JARDIN' , W . FARABOLINI 2 , C. ELEON ' , M. DUBOIS ' , G. GAUBERT' ,J.C . CORNELL, N. LECESNE ' , R. LEROY ' , J.Y. PACQUET and M.G. SAINT

LAURENT

1 GANIL (Grand Acélérateur National d'Ions Lourds), Bd H . Becquerel, BP 55027,14076 CAEN cedex 5, FRANCE

2 CEN (Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires) Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, FRANC E

Abstract .

An original approach to the time behaviour of an isotope-separator-on-line (ISOL) productio n

system is proposed which leads to a different analytical expression of the total efficiency compare d

to the usual product of diffusion efficiency, effusion efficiency and ionisation efficiency . The

validity limits of the expression of the total efficiency are given and the calculations are compare d

to the results obtained at GANIL in the frame of the SPIRAL I operation (Système de Production

d ' Ions RAdioactifs en Ligne partie I) .

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

An ECR ion source for radioactive ion beam production a tISAC/TRIUMF

K. Jayamanna, D . Yuan, F. Ames, P. Bricault, R . Baartman, V . Hanemaayer, C .Laforge, M. McDonald, J . McKinnon, M. Olivo and P . Schmor.

4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC, Canada . V6T2A3

An ECR ion source was developed and installed for short-lived radioactive ion beam productio nfrom gaseous elements at ISAC/TRIUMF . A 2.45 GHz single mode resonator was chosen as th ecavity and a small quartz tube (170 times smaller than the cavity itself) was placed in it to define th eplasma boundaries. The main design considerations were given to the transit time, reliability andradiation hardness . The technical and fundamental aspect of the source and the unique features dueto the design constrains at the ISAC and at the test bench are discussed in this paper . Result sobtained with various radioactive ions as well as with the stable ions are also presented .

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

FAST SLIT-BEAM EXTRACTION/CHOPPING FOR

NEUTRON GENERATOR

T.Kalvas ' , S .K. Hahtoi , F . Gicquel ' , J. Reijonen' , K.N. Leung' , T.G. Miller

1. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley California 9472 02. Tensor Technology Inc ., 254 Brentwood Lane, Madison, Alabama

High-intensity tritium or deuterium beam pulses are needed for neutron-based imaging systems . A

slit-beam extraction and fast integrated chopping system for tritium ion beam were designed,

simulated and tested for these applications . The design is coaxial with 21 slit beams hitting a

titanium target at the center to form a pulsed point-like neutron source . Beam extraction and

chopping are implemented with only 6 electrodes in a compact 65 mm long system . The beam

chopping is done at 30 keV energy with a parallel-plate deflector integrated with an Einzel lens .

The geometry of the system gives a multiplication of 3 on the sweep speed so with a 15 ns rise/fal l

time ±1500 V voltage sweep on the deflector-plates, 5 ns beam pulses can be achieved . In the final

system the total beam current is going to be 1 A and neutrons are produced with 100 keV energ y

tritium pulses .

The extraction ion optics was designed with PBGUNS simulation software in 2D . The beam

chopping and the final design were simulated in 3D with KOBRA3-INP. Also a new 2D/3D io n

beam transport code based on Vlasov iteration in a rectangular mesh was developed for simulatin g

this problem. Comparisons between different computer codes and measurements were done .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

PRELIMINARY STUD YFOR THE USE OF HTS COILS FOR GTS ECRIS

S .Kantas ' , C . Bieth ' , J. Y. Pacquet2 , R. Leroy2 , S . Milward3 , S . Harrisson3

1 Pantechnik, 12 rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 CAEN, France2 GANIL , Bd H. Becquerel, B .P. 5027, 14076 CAEN CEDEX 5, France3 SpaceCryomagnetics Ltd, Culham Science Ctre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, UK

After a first successful experience, where High Temperature Superconducting wire was used for th e

first time in an ECRIS `PKDELIS', we now start a new challenge. In collaboration with GANI L

and SPACECRYOMAGNETICS Ltd ., we are starting a preliminary study for the upgrade of GTS ,

GTS is a multipurpose ECRIS built by the CEA Grenoble for the production of intense beams o f

medium and high charge states . GTS ECRIS is a hybrid source, using electromagnets for the axia l

field and permanent magnets for the radial field . It has comparable outputs with existing high

performances ECRIS using Low Temperature Superconducting coils . The aim of the preliminary

study is to assess the feasibility of this project gathering the very good performances of GT S

ECRIS, low power consumption and simplicity of use of the HTS assemblies .

Topic of your presentation : Performance of first high temperature superconductingECRISRequested presentation : Invited Talk

Performance of first high temperature superconductingECRIS

D. Kanjilal, G. Rodrigues, P . Kumar, A . Mandai, C . P. Safvan and A. RoyNuclear Science Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi -11006 7

The first High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) Electron Cyclotron Resonance Io n

Source called PKDELIS was designed and developed as a collaborative project mainl y

between Nuclear Science Centre and Pantechnik . The source has been installed an d

commissioned at Nuclear Science Centre (NSC) . One of the major criteria of the desig n

was to get a high performance source suitable for cryogen-free operation on a hig h

voltage platform with minimum requirements of electrical power and cooling water . Ion

beams having A/q of -7 are required from this source for the High Current Injecto r

(HCI) of the Superconducting Linear Accelerator at NSC . The HTS coils have been

operational for more than a year . A 80mm gap, medium resolution, 'third order' correcte d

analyzing magnet having a bending radius of 300 mm has been coupled close to th e

source . The analyzed beam is collected using a high power, water cooled Faraday cup .

The design and performance of the source and issues related to the extraction an d

transport of the beam will be discussed in detail .

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

PRODUCTION OF MUL TICHAR GED IONS ANDBEHA VIOR OF MICROWAVE MODES IN AN ECRIS

DIRECTLY EXCITED IN A CIRCULAR CAVITYRESONATOR

Y. KATO I , H. FURUKI 2 and T . ASAJI I ' 3

1 Osaka Univ ., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japa n2 Toyama Pref. Univ ., 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japa n3 Tateyama Machine, Co. Ltd., 30 Shimonoban, Toyama, 930-1305, Japan

Electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRIS's) have been widely used for production o f

high-intensity multicharged ion beams . We can assign the peak position of the electric field of th e

standing waves to the ECR zone in the cavity resonator, i .e., the vacuum chamber with the fixe d

and the mobile plates . [ 1 ] Periodicity of the extracted multicharged ion currents and plasma

parameters are observed as the position of the mobile plate moves . We measure the intensity of th e

electric field in the ECR plasma, and decide the modes by using the semi-dipole probe with several

attenuators and the spectral analyzer. The standing waves are observed around the ECR zone. The

wavelength is elongated as the net absorbed microwave and then electron density increase in the

low power region of the microwave . On the other hand, the standing waves are split at the front of

the ECR zone in high power region, it suggests that plasma attains the cutoff density around the

ECR zone due to increase of the electron density, and then that the microwave modes transfer s

another ones . In this article the experimental study concentrates on production of multicharged ion s

with respect to microwave modes . The correlation between production of multicharged ions and the

microwave modes are clarified by measuring the electric field in the circular cavity resonator .

References[1] Y. Kato, et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 1470(2004) .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

PRODUCTION OF MUL TICHAR GED IRON IONS WITHINDUCTIVELY HEATED VAPOR SOURCE

Y.KATO' , M. TOMIDA2 , T. ASAJI 1 ' 3 , and K . TANAKA 3

1 Osaka Univ ., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japa n2 Toyama Pref. Univ., 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama, 939-0398, Japa n3 Tateyama Machine Co ., Ltd., 30 Shimonoban, Toyama, 930-1305, Japan

Multiply charged Fe ions are produced from solid material in a 2 .45 GHz electron cyclotro n

resonance (ECR) ion source . In our previous experiments, the multicharged Fe ions have been

produced by directly sputtering the pure material, by evaporating the filament form [1], and by

using the pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucible in the ECR plasma [2] .

Now we develop a new evaporator by induction heating with an induction coil covered by

ceramics in vacuum and surrounding the pure Fe rod . Typical power and the frequency of the

induction currents range from 300-800 W and 30-40 kHz, respectively . The Fe rod is inserted into

two ceramic pipes for insulation with several radiation shields made from molybdenum foils . The

evaporator with the mobile plate for tuning microwave is mounted on the tip of the feed-through ,

and inserted into the ECR plasma from the mirror end plate along the geometrical axis of the mirro r

field. Vaporized Fe atoms are introduced and ionized in the ECR plasma . Argon gas is usually

chosen for supporting gas, and the working pressure is about 10 -4–10-3 Pa. The multicharged F e

ions are extracted from the opposite side of mirror and against the evaporator, and then

multicharged Fe ion beam is formed . The characteristics of the new evaporator and the optimu m

conditions for production of multicharged Fe ions are investigated experimentally .

References[1] S . Sugiyama, et al ., Rev.Sci. Instrum. 73, 542(2002) .[2] Y. Kato, et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 1919(2004) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY ELECTRONS

IN A TANDEM-TYPE NEGATIVE ION SOURCE

K.KATOH' , N. TAKADO ' , A. HATAYAMA' ,M. HANADA 2 , T. SEKI2 , and T. INOUE2

1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi,Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japa n

2 Plasma Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 ,Mukoyama, Naka, 311-0193, Japan

The spatial non-uniformity of the H - beam intensity has been observed in experiments of

tandem-type negative ion sources, such as the JAERI 10 A negative ion source [1] . In the

experiments, the spatial non-uniformity of the beam intensity strongly correlates with the non -

uniformity of electron temperature Te inside the source . To improve the uniformity of large H-

beams, the physics of plasma formation with non-uniform Te has been studied .

In this study, trajectories of high energy primary electrons inside the JAERI 10 A negative io n

source are numerically analyzed by solving their equations of motion . To calculate the Lorentz

force in the equations of motion, the realistic geometry and the magnetic field configuration by th e

cusp magnets and the filter magnets installed outside the chamber walls are taken into account .

The results show that the spatial non-uniformity of Te can be explained by the magnetic drift

motion of the high energy primary electrons . The fast electrons in the driver region penetrate int o

the extraction region due to their magnetic drifts along the junction of the cusp magnets at the sid e

wall . For more detailed analysis, the effect of collision processes with neutrals on electro n

transport is also now under investigation .

References[1] M. Hanada, T . Seki, N . Takado, et al ., Fusion Eng. Des. to be published.

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

EFFECT OF PULSED MODE ECR PLASMA HEATING ONTHE PERFORMANCE OF THE ORNL PLA TEA U ECR ION

SOURCE

Y.KAWAI, G .D. ALTON, T. BIGELOW, Y. LIU

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, U .S .A.

The results of recent comparative studies of the performances of the Oak Ridge National Laborator y

all-permanent-magnet plateau and conventional minimum—B geometry ECR ion sources clearl y

assert the advantages of the "volume" form of the source . Under the same operating conditions, th e

"volume " configuration convincingly outperforms its conventional "surface" counterpart in terms

of charge-state-distribution and intensity within a particular charge-state. The enhanced

performance of the plateau form of the source is directly attributable to a dramatic increase in th e

absorption of RF power due to the presence of a much larger ECR zone, resulting in the coheren t

acceleration of larger populations of electrons to higher energies . Experimental evidence of this fact

is clearly and dramatically demonstrated by comparing the observed X-ray spectra from the tw o

source configurations . However, a major concern, since inception of the plateau resonant "volume "

concept is that the electrons may get too "hot", thereby, reaching energies too high for mor e

optimally following the sequential electron removal process . In order to address this problem, a

variable pulse width (variable from 1 ns to a few ms), variable amplitude, variable repetition-rate (<

1 Hz to cw) signal generator was procured so that the time evolution of the charge-state

distributions could be followed . The time evolution of charge-states of noble gas beams extracte d

from the all permanent magnet plateau ECR ion source as functions of pulse width amplitude an d

repetition rate will be presented in this paper .

* Managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U .S . Department of Energy under contract DE-ACO5 -OOR22725 .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Oral Presentation

A LATEST DEVELOPED ALL PERMANENT ECRIS FOR

ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHAT IMP

L. T. Sun , H. W . Zhao, Z . M . Zhang, H Wang, B . H. Ma, X. Z. Zhang, J. Y. Li ,Y. C . Feng, X . H. Guo, X. X. Li, X. W. Ma, and W. L . Zhan

Institute of Modem Physics (IMP, Chinese Academy of Science ,Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of Chin a

Electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources have been used for atomic physics research for a

long time. With the development of atomic physics research in IMP, additional high performanc e

experimental facilities are required . A 300kV high voltage (HV) platform has been under

constructing since 2003, and an all permanent ECR ion source is supposed to be put on the platform .

LAPECR2 (Lanzhou All Permanent ECR ion source No. 2) is a latest developed all permanen t

ECRIS . It is a 900kg weight and 2650mmx562mm outer dimension (magnetic body) ion source .

The injection magnetic field of the source is 1 .37T and the extraction magnetic field is 1 .08T. This

source is designed to be running at 14 .5GHz. The high magnetic field inside the plasma chamber

enables the source to give good performances at 14 .5GHz. LAPECR2 source is now under

commissioning in IMP. In this paper, the typical parameters of the source LAPECR2 are listed, an d

the typical results of the preliminary commissioning are presented .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

CONSTRUCTION OF A GAS CLUSTER ION SOURCE

BASED ON A MICRO STRUCTURED ELECTRODE

F. Zappa ' ' 2 , S . Fell ' , M. Winkler ' , V . Grill ' ,T .D.Mirk' and P. Scheier '

1 Institut fir Ionenphysik, Technikerstr . 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria2 Instituto de Fisica – UFRJ, Brazi l

The use of a micro-structured electrode (MSE) to produce high pressure plasmas, has been availabl e

for many years, since the seminal work of Schoenbach and co-workers [1] . The discharges

produced in such devices, also known as micro hollow cathodes (MHC) were the subject of man y

studies where, for instance, the problem of stability [2] and the possibility of some application s

were addressed, i .e ., as micro-reactors for decomposition of gases [3] or as light sources [4] . More

recently, ions sources based on MSE discharges were designed for surface modifications [5] and in

conjunction with supersonic expansion for the production of cold ionized beams [6] . In the present

work we present the use of supersonic expansion through an MSE for the production of ionize d

argon clusters . The intensity distribution of cluster sizes as a function of the source parameters, suc h

as input pressure, temperature and gap voltage, is investigated with the aid of a 3-sector field mas s

spectrometer .

Acknowledgement: Work is supported by the FWF and the Austrian nano initiative, F .Z . gratefully

acknowledges support from brazilian agency CNPq . It is a pleasure to thank Prof H . Schmidt-

Bbcking for supporting the work with MSE's .

Reference s[1] Shoenbach, K . H, El-Habachi A . Shi, W. and Ciocca, M . Plasma Sources Sci . Technol . 6 (1997 )468 .[2] Stark R.H, and Shoenbach, K . H. J . Appl . Phys . 85 (1999) 2075 .[3] Hsu, D.D . and Graves, D .B . J . Phys . D: Appl . Phys . 36 (2003) 2898 .[4] Shoenbach, K . H, El-Habachi A . Moselhy M.M., Shi W., and Stark R .H., Phys . Plasmas 7(2000) 2186 .[5] Cristina Penache, PhD Dissertation (2003), Universitat Frankfurt .[6] Oliver Hohn, PhD Dissertation (2002), Universitat Frankfurt .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Mass Spectroscopy

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

IMPROVEMENT OF RIKEN ECRIS-AMS

M . KIDERA' , T. NAKAGAWA ' , K. TAKAHASHI ' , S . ENOMOTO ' ,K. IGARASHI 2 , M . FUJIMAKI ' , E. IKEZAWA' , O. KAMIGAITO ' ,

M. KASE ' , A. GOTO ' and Y. YANO'

1 RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan2 Univ . of Human arts and Sciences, 1288 Umagome, Iwatsuki, Saitama,

Saitama 339-8539, Japan

We have developed the new analytical system which consists of electron cyclotron resonance io n

source (RIKEN 18GHz ECRIS) and heavy ion linear accelerator (RILAC), which is so-calle d

ECRIS-AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry using Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source) .

ECRIS-AMS has several advantages described in ref. [1] .

However, some problems had come out from several experiments in last several years as described

below .

1) Large background by contamination in the ECRIS, especially surface of plasma chamber wall .

2) Huge counting rate of ionization counter by direct beam from the accelerator .

3) Difficulty of selection of pilot sample and pilot beam production from ECRIS for normalization .

To solve these problems, we made several test experiment in last year . In this paper, we report the

experimental results in detail and future plan for improving this system .

References[1] M. Kidera et al . : Proc . of 1 6 th Int . Workshop on ECR Ion Sources, Berkeley, California, AI PConf. Proc. vol . 749, p85 (2004) .

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Plasma ion source modeling using multigrid *

J .SKim ' , D.P . Grote 2 , N. Barov l , A. Friedman2 , and J-L Vay3

1 FAR-TECH, Inc., 10350 Science Center Dr. #14-150San Diego, CA 9212 1

2 LLNL, Livermore, C A3 LBNL, Berkeley, CA

A code module for simulating plasma ion sources using a multigrid method is being developed ,both as a standalone tool and as an element of WARP, a 3D electrostatic time-dependent code .Steady-state solutions for 1D and 2D have been implemented in WARP . The electrons in theplasma are modeled via a Boltzmann prescription ; the nonlinear aspects are treated by an implicitmethod based on Newton iterations . The simulations in ID geometry are well-benchmarked withrespect to reduced 1-dimensional ODE solutions . Benchmarking in 2D and 3D is being performed .Simulations using the multigrid method will be presente d

* Work supported by US department of Energy .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Charge Breeding

Monte Carlo beam-capture and charge breedin gsimulation *

J.S . Kim l , C. Liu l , D.H. Edgell 2 and R. Pardo 3

1 FAR-TECH, Inc ., 10350 Science Center Drive #14-150, San Diego, CA 9212 12 University of Rochester, NY, USA3 Argonne National laboratory, IL, US A

A Monte Carlo simulation code was written to examine the beam capture processes of singl ycharged ion beams injected to an ECR charge breeder from entry to exit . The code has been benchmarked for beam-spreading and beam-deflection in the phase space with respect to an analyti cformula for a Maxwellian plasma . The code was utilized for a preliminary investigation of beamcapture and efficiency estimation within the current frame work of GEM (Generalized ECR-ion-source model) to estimate the charge breeding efficiency . A further investigation is ongoing and theresults will be presented .

* Work supported by the US department of Energy .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source related developmen twork for the heavy ion irradition tests

H.Koivisto , P . Suominen, O. Tarvainen and A . Virtanen

Department of Physics, University of Jyvskyla, FIN-40014 University o f

Jyvskyl, Finland

The European Space Agency uses the facility of the Accelerator Laboratory (Department o f

Physics, University of Jyvskyla) for the heavy ion irradiation tests . An active ECR ion sourc e

related development work has been done to meet the requirements set by the project . In this work

the fast beam change plays a crucial role . Consequently a beam cocktail having the same q/A-rati o

is needed. In addition, very high charge states for the heavy elements are needed to reach th e

penetration depth of 100 µm in silicon. In this article we will present some tricks to optimize the

procedure needed for the efficient ion source operation . We will also present the results of 3 -

frequency heating tests . In the first experiment the main frequency of 14 GHz was fed from a

klystron and both secondary frequencies were fed from a TWTA . Two separate frequency

generators were used simultaneously to provide different signals for the TWTA . During the test an

improvement of about 15 % was observed for 841(r25+ ion beam. More experiments will be

performed during the spring and the summer 2005 .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Effect of the plasma instability on the beam intensity fro mRIKEN 18 GHz ECRIS

Y.HIGURASHI ' , T. NAKAGAWA ' , M. KIDERA ' , T . AIHARA2 , K.KOBAYASHI 2 , M. KASE 1 , A. GOTO' and Y . YANG '

1 RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, JAPAN2 SAS Ltd, Kita-shinagawa 5-9-11, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo,Japa n

It is clear that the plasma stability (or instability) affects the beam intensity and quality of th ebeam( emittance etc) . Moreover, such phenomenon is one of the important subjects of the plasm aphysics (in dynamics of the magnetized plasma )[1,2 ]One of the typical examples is effect of biased disc . Recently, we observed that biased disc give splasma instability, consequently beam intensity of Xe ions increased. Frankfurt group also observedsame effect for Ar ion beams. However, remarkably, the difference between frequency of the Arbeam oscillation and Xe one is quite large (Ar — several 100 Hz, Xe ,,, several 10 kHz) .To understand the effect of the plasma instability on the beam intensity, we measured the beamintensity oscillation as a function various parameters( ion species, gas pressure, RF power, negativ evoltage of biased disc, etc) . To see this effect clearly, we make a Fourier transfer of the bea moscillation by using the spectrum analyzer. We observed the several clear peaks in the Fourierpower spectrum (such a peaks is mainly due to the plasma instability) . In this experiment, we foundseveral interesting phenomena as follow s1) The amplitude of the peak gradually decreased with increasing the gas pressure and increase d

with increasing the RF power .2) Frequency decreases with increasing the negatively biased disc voltage and beam intensity

increases with decreasing the frequency3) We observed that the frequency of the oscillation strongly depends on the mass o f

ion.(frequency decreases with increasing the mass ( From several 10 kHz (O ions) to few kH z(Xe ions) )

In this paper, we present detailed experimental results and discuss about its mechanism .

References[1]A.B . Mikhailovski, Theory of Plasma Instabilities (Consulants Bureau)197 4[2]R. Post, Nucl . Fusion 27(1897)1579

Topic of your presentation :Plasma Theory and Diagnostics

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

DEVELOPMENT OF ION SOURCES FOR MATERIALSPROCESSING IN CHINA

W.J .Zhao ' , X.T.Ren 1 and H.W.Zhao Z

1 Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871,Chin a2 Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730000, Chin a

Abstract : As energetic particle sources and new radiation sources, ion sources can deliver a

large amount of charged particles {atoms, molecules and clusters} with controlled mass, charge ,

velocity, energy and dose rate, and have been investigated widely in the world to meet the

requirement of development of advanced materials since last decade . This paper reviews the

development of ion sources for materials processing and the progress of commercial product of io n

sources in China . The various ion beam processing and the relative needs to ion sources ar e

mentioned and discussed, such as ion sources with ion implantation, plasma immersion io n

implantation, ion beam assisted deposition, ion beam deposition, ion beam milling and so on . The

states of progress for different kinds of ion sources, specially, for ECR (microwave ion source) ,

MEVVA, RF, End-Hall ion source and Cluster ion source are given and discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Medical application of radioactive nuclear beams at HIMA C

A. Kitagawa' , M . Muramatsu ' ' 2 , M . Yamamoto3 ,Y. Furusawa' , Y . Iseki4 , M. Kanazawa ' , Q.

5 , H. Mizuno ' ,S. Sato', M. Suda' ,T. Tomitani ' , E . Urakabe ' , Z. Wei5 , M. Yoshimoto '

1 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japa n2 Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitam a350-8585, Japan3 Accelerator Engineering Corporation, 2-13-1 Konakadai, Inage, Chiba 263-0043, Japa n4 Toshiba Corp . Kansei-machi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi 230-0034, Japan5 Institute of Modem Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P .O.Box 31, Lanzhou 730000, China

The stopping position of a short-lived positron emitting nuclei, such as 11 C, can be precisel y

detected by measuring annihilation gamma-rays . By using the radioactive nuclear beam (RNB) of

such nuclei, the verification system of a particle range and an irradiated area has been developed a t

National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) . We measured the precise range by the positron

camera detector and observed 3-D irradiate areas as PET images .

The study of the biological and chemical process of the metabolism is one important themes for th e

RNB application . We determined the lifetime of the 10 C and "C injected into the rabbit's organs .

The microscopic process around the cell is also interested to study the biological effectiveness . The

experiment of 9C and 8B beam is utilized for the research of the multi-hit cell . Because of the

incident 8B produces 8Be, and then it emits two alpha particles . The range of these alpha particle s

in the water is about 10µm and it is equivalent as the size of normal cell . It means the cell is hit b y

three charged particles at the same time. We obtained the difference between 9C and 12 C .

In order to obtain the RNB, the projectile fragmentation method is used by the relativistic high -

energy heavy ion beams from the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) . The 10GHz

electron resonance ion source (ECRIS) produced 12C for the production of 9C, 10C, 11 C, and the

18GHz ECRIS produced 10 B for 8 B . These techniques will be also reported .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation:Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Influence of non-linear plasma-wave interactions on th eperformance of electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

(ECRIS) – invited

K.Wiesemann ' and A. A. Ivanov 2

1 Ruhr-Universitat Bochum, AEPT Geb . IC 1-150, D-44780 Bochum, German y2 Russian Research Center" Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq . 1, Moscow,

123182, Russi a

In the emission spectra of our ECRIS 2 and a simple ECR discharge we observed a

broadening of the wave spectrum of the admitted electromagnetic wave together with the

appearance of ion sound noise. This is the signature of a non-linear process : the incoming

electromagnetic wave decays into two types of electrostatic waves : upper hybrid waves at high

frequency and ion sound at low frequency. The low frequency ion sound noise heats effectively the

plasma ions and thus affects ion transport and containment in the plasma . Special properties are due

to the presence of different kinds of ions in ECRIS plasma . When understanding energy flow and

wave damping in the heating process its influence on source performance can be manipulated. Ion

heating impinges on effects like gas-mixing and isotope anomaly . The presence of high amplitude

plasma waves controls also directly plasma transport and thus the production of high charge states .

Consequences on ion source performance and open questions will be discussed .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

A-Phoenix, a new ECR Ion source for the Spiral II facility

T.THUILLIERI , H. KOIVISTO2 , T. LAMY1 , P. SORTAIS 1 , P . SUOMINEN2 AND

O. TARVAINEN 2

1 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 5 3, avenue de sMartyrs F-38026 Grenoble cedex, France

2 Department of Physics, University of Jyv .skyl . (JYFL), P.O. Box, FIN-40014, Finland

A new ECR Ion Source (ECRIS), called A-Phoenix, is under construction at LPSC . A-

Phoenix is funded by IN2P3 and Europe (through EURONS/ISIBHI network) in parallel with the

MS-ECRIS project[1] . This ECRIS is developed in order to fulfil the requirements of the Spiral I I

facility : to deliver the emA level of Q/A=1/3 beams up to the highest atomic mass possible at 6 0

kV extraction voltage . The first beam of the Spiral II project is scheduled for 2009 . A-phoenix is a

hybrid source that combines high temperature superconducting (HTS) Coils to generate high axia l

magnetic field and permanent magnets to perform radial confinement .

The A-phoenix design relies on the experience acquired with the former Phoenix source [2 ]

(heated at 28 Ghz in afterglow mode), the knowledge of the scaling laws [3] and progress in very

strong permanent magnets hexapoles [4],[5] . The HTS coils, able to produce 3 Tesla on axis, wil l

be delivered this summer . The technological aspects of the magnetic structure as well as the overal l

design of the source will be presented . Expected performances of the ECRIS will be estimated o n

the basis of the scaling laws of UHF frequency .

Reference s[1] G. Ciavola for the MS-ECRIS Collaboration, this conference .[2] T . Thuillier et al, Proc . 8 th EPAC, 3-7 June 2002, Paris, France .[3] Geller, Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR plasmas (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, 1996 )[4] T .Thuillier et al, Rev. Sci . Instrum. 75, 1526(2004) .[5]P . Suominen, O . Tarvainen, H . Koivisto and D . Hitz, Rev . Sci . Instrum . 75, 59(2004) .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Experience with the GTS-LHC ECRIS at CERN

C .E.Hill, D . Kuchler, C . Mastrostefano, M . O'Neil, R. Scrivens 'D . Hitz, L . Guillemet, J . Chartier, G . Rey-Giraud 2

1 CERN, AB-ABP, 1211 Geeva 23, Switzerlan d2 CEA- DSM- Departement de Recherche Fondamentale sur la MatièreCondensée - Service des Basses Temperatures, 17 rue des Martyrs, 3805 4Grenoble cedex 9, France

A new heavy ion ECRIS based on results obtained during a European Framework 5 researc h

contract "Innovative ECRIS (Contract number here) has been installed on the CERN Heavy Io n

Linac (Linac3) for the Ions for LHC project . It is intended to use this source, initially, to produce

200 microsecond pulses of Pb27+, at 10 Hz, in the afterglow mode of operation .

Experience gained during the installation and commissioning of the source will be presente d

along with the performance achieved . Measures taken to ensure the performance and reliability o f

the source and its infrastructure for the demands of LHC operation will be discusse d

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

ECRIS OPERATION WITH MULTIPLE FREQUENCIE S

R. VONDRASEK, R. SCOTT and R . PARDO

ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY, ILLINOIS, US A

The usefulness of two-frequency heating for the production of high-charge state high-intensit y

beams from on ECRIS has been well established . Factors of 245 increase in beam currents have

been observed accompanied by a shift to higher charge states . The ECRIS at Argonne Nationa l

Laboratory has been operated utilizing a 14 GHz klystron and a tunable 11-13 GHz traveling wav e

tube amplifier (TWTA) . Recently a third RF generator has become available and tests with three -

frequency heating are being conducted on the ECR1 ion source to determine if injection of a thir d

discrete frequency produces a similar increase in beam production . Operating characteristics as wel l

and beam production results will be presented .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Negative Ions in Fusion

L . R.Grisham ' , J. W . Kwan2 , S . K . Hahto2 , S . T . Hahto2 , K. N. Leung2 ,G. Westenskow3

1 Princeton Univ. Plasma Phys. Lab, P . O. Box 451, Princeton, N. J. 085432 Lawrence Berkeley Nat . Lab ., 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 9472 03 Lawrence Livermore Nat . Lab, P. O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 9455 1

Over the past quarter century, advances in hydrogen negative ion sources have extended th e

usable range of hydrogen isotope neutral beams to energies suitable for large magnetically confine d

fusion devices. Recently, drawing upon this experience, negative halogen ions have been propose d

as a possible alternative to positive ions for heavy ion fusion drivers in inertial confinement fusion ,

because electron accumulation would be prevented in negative ion beams, and if desired, the beam s

could be photodetached to neutrals . ' We present the rationale for halogen negative ion beams, an d

discuss our experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of negative halogen sources for negative io n

fusion. Initial experiments at Berkeley in an RF source produced a Cl - current density of as muc h

as 45 mA/cm2, almost as high as the 57 mA/cm 2 of total positive ions . This, along with co -

extracted electron ratios much lower than would be expected from their greater mobility, suggest s

the extractor plane plasma was mostly an ion-ion plasma with few electrons . Recent experiment s

with a larger RF source and an emittance scanner at Livermore have permitted comparisons of the

beam emittance of Cl + and Cl - extracted from substantially ion-ion plasmas with that of Ar +

extracted from an ordinary electron-ion plasma. The current density and optical quality of Cl -

appears suitable for heavy ion fusion driver applications . Since F, I, and Br should all behave

similarly in an ion source, they should also be suitable as driver beams .

References[1] L. R. Grisham, Fusion Science & Technology 43 (2003) 191 .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

Extraction physics in volume H ion sources .

M. BACAL ' , A. HATAYAMA 2 , T. MATSUMIYA2

' École Polytechnique, LPTP, UMR 7648 du CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France2 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi ,Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan

Recent hydrogen negative ion sources (JT60, LHD) operate with a magnetic filter fiel dextending up to the plasma electrode and extraction opening . As shown earlier [1-3] such amagnetic field has a strong effect upon the value of the extracted negative ion and electron current .On the other hand measurements of the negative ion and electron density were performed in the io nsource, both in the magnetic field-free region and in the region near the plasma electrode . This workpresents the experimental value of the ratio between the extracted negative ion and electron curren tin different sources . It is shown that the measured current ratio is considerably higher than what ca nbe predicted from a simple free-streaming model based on the density ratio in the bulk of th eplasma .

We also calculated the ratio between the extracted negative ion and electron currents base don the measured ratio between the negative ion and electron density near the extraction openin gusing the different theoretical models for electron flux :

1) free streaming model (I /le)free ,2) diffusion model across the magnetic field (I /Ie)diff.

The comparisons show that (I /Ie)free is considerably smaller, while (1 /le)diff tends to be larger thanexperimental value . The underlying physics of this discrepancy will be discussed .

AcknowledgementsThe support of European Community (Contract No . HPRI-CT-2001-50021) is gratefullyacknowledged .

References[1] M. Bacal, J . Bruneteau, P. Devynck, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 59 (10), 2152 (1988 )[2] R. Leroy, PhD Thesis, University of Caen, June 199 1[3] M. Hamabe et al, Rev . Sci. Instrum., 69 (2) 944 (1998)

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

ADVANCES IN THE PERFORMANCE ANDUNDERSTANDING OF THE SNS* ION SOURCE

R. F .WELTON 1 , M. P . STOCKLI ' and S . N. MURRAY '

1 SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P .O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

The ion source developed for the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is a radio frequency, multi -cusp source designed to produce ,, . 40 mA of H - with a normalized rms emittance of less than 0 .2 pimm mrad. To date, the source has been utilized in the commissioning of the SNS accelerator andhas already demonstrated stable, satisfactory operation at beam currents of 10 - 40 mA with duty -factors of -0 .1% for operational periods of several weeks . Ultimately the SNS facility will requir ebeam duty-factors of 6% (1 ms pulse length, 60 Hz repetition rate) . To ascertain the capability o fthe source to deliver beams at this duty-factor over sustained time periods, ongoing experiments ar ebeing performed in which the ion source has been continuously operated on a dedicated test stand .The results of these tests are reported as well as a theory of the Cs release and transport processe swhich was derived from these data . The theory was then employed to develop a more effectiv esource conditioning procedure which led to a dramatic improvement in source performance . Thetheory was also employed to develop a new-concept, direct-transfer Cs collar which also led to aconsiderable improvement in source performance .

* SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-ACO5-000822725 for the U .S.Department of Energy .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIUMF DC H- ION SOURCESFOR ENHANCED BRIGHTNESS

Y .S .Hwang' , G . Cojocaru2 , D. Yuan2 , M . McDonald2 , K. Jayamanna2 , and G. Dutto2

1 Seoul Nat'l Univ ., Seoul 151-742, Korea2 TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, CANAD A

A robust high-current dc H- ion source has been developed at TRIUMF and is operational in cw

mode in several cyclotrons around the world . Optimizing filament configuration, vacuum, cus p

confinement, electron filtering and extraction geometry led to strong performances such as high c w

beam current, brightness, good power efficiency and low e/H ratio . [ 1 ] Extensive further studie s

have begun to understand the physics of H- ion source as well as to improve the TRIUMF source ,

especially in terms of brightness .

In this paper, the H- ion sources existing at TRIUMF are characterized to elucidate how they

perform. Measured beam characteristics such as current, emittance and e/H ratio are presented an d

correlated with various source conditions in function of relevant plasma parameters . Beam

characteristics were also simulated with the PBGUNS code and compared with experimental data .

Plasma densities, temperatures and plasma potential will be discussed . Performances at different

confining magnetic fields, arc powers, and neutral gas pressures are presented . Beam extraction i s

studied for different filtering fields and extraction systems . Pressure distributions along the beam

path from the plasma source chamber to the diagnostic box are changed separately to see effects o f

beam stripping and charge neutralization independently of operating pressure of the sourc e

chamber . Experiments such as collar biasing and noble gas mixture were attempted and will be

discussed .

References[1] T . Kuo et al ., 1996, Rev .Sci .Instrum . 67(3), 1314-1316, (March 1996) .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

PERFORMANCES OF CONVENTIONAL B-MINIMUM ECR

ION SOURCES POWERED WITH BROADBAND

MICROWAVE RADIATION

Y.KAWAI I , G.D. ALTON% Y. LIU1 , O. TARVAINEN2 , P . SUOMINEN2 , H .KOIVISTO2

1 Oak Ridge National Laboratory *, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, U.S.A .2 Department of Physics, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyvaskyl . (JYFL), Finland

It has been clearly demonstrated at several laboratories that the performances of electron-cyclotro n

resonance (ECR) ion sources can be enhanced by increasing the physical sizes of embedded EC R

zones. Enlarged ECR zones have been achieved by engineering the central magnetic field region o f

these sources so they are flat and in resonance with single-frequency rf power. Alternatively, in

conventional minimum-B geometry sources, the number of ECR surfaces can be increased by

heating their plasmas with multiple, discrete frequency microwave radiation. Broadband rfpower i s

expected to offer simpler, lower cost and more effective means for increasing the physical sizes o f

the ECR zones within the latter type of source . A special programmable additive "white" Gaussia n

noise generator (AWGNG) system for injecting broad-band rf power into these sources has bee n

developed in conjunction with a commercial firm for such applications . The noise generator, i n

combination with an external local oscillator, can be used to generate broadband microwav e

radiation for amplification with a TWT without requirements of modifying the injection system o f

these sources . In this presentation, comparisons are made of the charge-state distributions an d

intensities within a particular charge-state for noble gas beams extracted from conventiona l

minimum–B geometry, 6 GHz ECR ion sources, located, respectively, at the Oak Ridge Nationa l

Laboratory and University Jyvdskyla, when powered with and without 200 MHz and 800 MH z

broadband microwave radiation .

* Research sponsored by the Office of Science, U .S . Department of Energy, under contract DE-ACO5-000R22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Negative ion source for AMS

S .G.Konstantinov

BINP, Novosibirsk, Russi a

The sputtering type carbon negative ions source for the first Russian Accelerator Mas sSpectrometry System is developed and produced at BINP . The source produce 150 µA carbo nnegative ions current for 8 hours of continuous operation . An estimated normalized emittance valu e

is 2 T.mm.mrad.MeV ü2 .

References[1] A.V . Kozhemyakin, V .F . Klyuev, S .G . Konstantinov, E .S . Konstantinov, A .M. Kryuchkov ,

V.V. Parkhomchuk, M.V . Petrichenkov, S .A. Rastigeev, B .N. Sukhina , Proceedings o fRuPac2004, Oct .4-9, Dubna, Russia

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :

Negative Ion Sources

Poster Presentation

H source developments at CERN

C .E . Hill, D. Kuchler, C . Mastrostefano, M . O'Neil, R. Scrivens, T . Steiner

AB Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerlan d

Future CERN programmes for LHC and ISOLDE require increasing the beam intensity an d

brightness from the PS Booster (PSB) . This could be achieved by charge exchange injection with

painting into the PSB acceptance from a higher energy H - linac. A new injector will require a high

performance, high reliability, negative hydrogen ion source .

This paper will present the results achieved so far with a prototype microwave driven sourc e

operated with three different magnetic structures (multicusp, solenoidal and a combination o f

both) .The experiments were carried out with different mixing gases, different chamber inserts and

under a wide range of operational conditions .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

ITEP BERNA IS WITH ADDITIONAL E-BEAM

R. P. KUIBEDA ' , T . V .KULEVOY 1 , S . V . PETRENKO' , V. A. BATALIN' ,V. I . GUSHENETS 3 , A. HERSHCOVITCH 2 , B . M . JOHNSON2 ,

G.N. KROPACHEV 1 , E . M . OKS 3 , V . I . PERSHIN' , H . J . POOLE 5

1 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia2 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, US A3 High Current Electronics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634055 Russi a5 PVI, Oxnard, California 93031-5023, USA

A joint research and development effort whose ultimate goal is to develop steady state intense io n

sources to meet needs of the two-energy extremes of mega-electron-volt and of 100's of electron-

volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past two years . In framework of "mega-electron-vol t

ion implanters" part of the research, investigation of charge state enhancement for ions generated b y

a Berna ion source is in progress . Based on previous successful experience with E-MEVVA io n

source [1], a high energy electron beam was injected into the Berna ion source discharge region .

Significant charge state enhancement of antimony ions has been observed . The construction of the

ion source with additional electron beam and results of e-beam influence on the charge state

enhancement of ion beam generated by the Berna ion source are presented .

References[1] V.A . Batalin et al, Journal of Applied Physics, V.92, N.5 (2002), p .2884 .

This work was supported by the DOE IPP Trust 2 program .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

SIMULATION OF BERNA IS DISCHARGE

I . RUDSKOY 1 , T. V.KULEVOY' , A. HERSHCOVITCH 2 , V. A. BATALIN' ,V. I . GUSHENETS 3 , B . M . JOHNSON2 , R. P. KUIBEDA ' , E. M . OKS 3 ,

V. I . PERSHIN ' , S . V . PETRENKO ' , H. J . POOLE4 .

1 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russi a2 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, US A3 High Current Electronics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634055 Russi a4 PVI, Oxnard, California 93031-5023, US A

A joint research and development effort whose ultimate goal is to develop steady state intense io n

sources to meet needs of the two-energy extremes of mega-electron-volt and of 100's of electron -

volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past two years . In framework of this research, the

theoretical model of discharge in Berna ion sources, which are widely used in implanters, was

suggested and numerically investigated . The model provides possibility to investigate the influenc e

of different parameters of ion source (discharge current, discharge voltage, plasma density, ga s

flow) on the enhancement of generated ion charge state. The results of simulation based on the

model are in good agreement with experimental results obtained at ITEP Berna ion source .

This work was supported by the DOE IPP Trust 2 program .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

TRANSPORT LINE FOR BEAM GENERATED BYITEPBERNA 'S IS

E .S .MASUNOV ' , S .M .POLOZOV ' , S . V. PETRENKO 2 , G.N . KROPACHEV 2 ,A. HERSHCOVITCH 3 , B . M. JOHNSON 3 , R. P . KUIBEDA2 , T. V .KULEVOY2 ,

V . I . PERSHIN2 , H. J . POOLE 4 ,

1 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Kashirskoe sh . 31, Moscow, 115409, Russi a2 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russi a3 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, US A4 PVI, Oxnard, California 93031-5023, US A

The investigation of beam transport systems in framework of joint research and development

program of steady state intense ion sources for ion implanters with two-energy extremes of mega -

electron-volt and of 100's of electron-volt is in progress. The Berna ion source with indirectl y

heated cathode is a basic ion source for the research . The different kind of electrostatic system s

were simulated to investigate the transportation of ion beams with wide range of masses (fro m

boron to decaborane) and energies (ranges from 0 .3 keV/u to 20 keV/u) . The results of simulations

are presented .

This work was supported by the DOE IPP Trust 2 program .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

DECABORANE BEAM FROM ITEP BERNA IS

S. V. PETRENK0 2 , R. P. KUIBEDA 2 , T. V.KULEVOY2 , V. A. BATALIN2 , V. I .GUSHENETS 3 , A. HERSHCOVITCH ' , B . M. JOHNSON' , A . A. KOLOMIETS2 ,

G.N. KROPACHEV 2 , E . M . OKS 3 , V. I . PERSHIN2 , H. J . POOLE 5 , I . RUDSKOY 2 ,P. A. STOROZHENKO 6 , O . V . ALEXEYENKO

1 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, US A2 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russi a3 High Current Electronics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634055 Russi a4 PVI, Oxnard, California 93031-5023, USA5 Res . Inst. for Chem. & Tech. of Orgo-elem . Comp . 38, sh . Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, Russi a

A joint research and development effort whose ultimate goal is to develop steady state intense io n

sources to meet needs of 100's of electron-volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past tw o

years . The difficulties of extraction and transportation of low energy boron beams can be solved i f

decaborane molecule compound is used [1] . In ITEP at the Berna's ion source with indirectl y

heated LaB 6 cathode the beam of decaborane was generated, extracted and investigated . We present

the results of the investigation .

References[1] A.S.Perel, W.K.Loizides and W.E.Reynolds, RSI, V.73, N2, 2002, p .877

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

MEASURMENTS OF BREMSTRAHL UNG PRODUCTION

AND X-RAY CRYOSTAT HEATING IN VENUS

C.LYNEIS, D. LEITNER, D. TODD, S. VIROSTEK, T. LOEW 1 AND A . HEINEN 2

1 Lawerence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley ,California 9472 0

2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, Münster, Germany

The VENUS superconducting ECR ion source is designed to operate at 28 GHz with up to 10 k W

of RF power. Most of this power is absorbed by the plasma electrons and then dumped onto th e

plasma chamber wall . The distribution of heating and bremstrahlung production is highly non-

uniform and reflects the geometry of the magnetic confinement fields . The non-uniform

distribution of electron losses to the wall results in localized heating on the aluminium chamber

walls, which can lead to burnout . In addition, part of the bremstrahlung produced by the collisio n

of the hot electrons with the walls is absorbed by the cold mass of the superconducting magnet

leading to an additional heat load in the cryostat in the order of several Watts . Therefore a new

plasma chamber has been designed that incorporates a high-Z shield to reduce the cryostat heatin g

and enhanced water cooling .

In order to better understand the heat load, the spectrum of the bremstrahlung has been carefull y

measured as a function of RF power, magnetic confinement and RF frequency . In addition, the

distribution of electron heating in VENUS magnetic field has been simulated with a thre e

dimensional computer code l ' 2 to better understand the heat load distribution on the plasma chambe r

wall . The new plasma chamber design, results of the bremstrahlung measurements, and the

effectiveness of the high-Z shielding will be presented .

References[1] H. Heinen and H.J. André., Proceedings of the 14 Int . Workshop on ECR Sources, CERN ,Geneva, P224 (1999)[2] H.J . Andra and A . Heinen, Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on ECR IonSources, ECRIS'02, University of Jyvskylâ, Finland, June 12-14, 2002, "Simulation of ECRIS" ,http://www.phys .j yu.fi/ecris02/manupdfs/Heinen.pdf

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

EBIS FOR HIGHLY CHARGED IONS PRODUCTION INACONTINUOUS REGIME

G.KUZNETSOV, and M.BATAZOVA

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090 ,Russian Federation

Abstrac t

It seems feasible to strip ions to charge state q>20 during 2 traverses along the high-density electro n

beam in a continuous regime . The singly charged ions decelerated before the extractor electrode can

be injected into electron beam through the aperture in an electron collector . The further deceleratio n

to thermal energies can be done by the controlled potential on the drift tube, by shaping this drif t

tube and by coulomb interaction with electrons in a beam . The injected ions travel along the drif t

tube, decelerate, turn around and travel back towards the electron collector . We estimate the trave l

time of ions inside the electron beam to be i = (0 .5 ± 5 .0)-10 -3 s . With electron beam current density

J=1000A/cm 2 the ionization factor can reach Ji = (0 .5 ± 5 .0) C/cm 2, which is sufficient for

producing ions with charge state 10-30 (depending on species) . Such device can be efficient for

producing ions of short-lived isotopes . It utilizes electron gun with high electrostatic compressio n

and subsequent adiabatic Brillouin focusing .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

A COMPACT MULTI-BEAMLETS HIGH CURRENT

INJECTOR FOR HIF DRIVERS

J. W.KWAN' , F . M . BIENIOSEK 1 , D . GROTE2 , AND G . WESTENSKOW 2

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA .2 Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, CA, USA .

For heavy ion beam driven inertial fusion (HIF), a driver-scale injector requires multipl e

beams with each beam carrying a current of about 0 .5 - 1 .0 A . Due to the significant space charge

force in heavy ion beams, an effective way to create a high-current bright beam is by merging man y

high-current-density (— 100 mA/cm 2) beamlets . Using curved electrodes in the pre-accelerator, a n

array of converging beamlets can produce a beam with the envelope radius, convergence, an d

ellipticity matched to an electrostatic quadrupole (ESQ) channel . Computer simulation studies hav e

shown how the beamlets merge with emittance growth . Nevertheless, the final merged beam stil l

has an acceptable emittance and therefore good beam brightness [1] . The size of a driver-scal e

injector system using this approach will be several times smaller than the one designed usin g

traditional single large-aperture beams, so the success of this experiment has significant economical

and technical impacts on the architecture of HIF drivers .

We have previously demonstrated the extraction of high current density beamlets from a n

RF-driven argon plasma source [2] . At present we are running a proof-of-principle experiment that

merges 119 beamlets into an ESQ channel at beam energy up to 400 keV . The experiment i s

scheduled to complete in April 2005 . Beam diagnostics include Faraday cup, beam imaging usin g

scintillators, and projectional emittance using slit-scanners . Initial experimental results have alread y

shown qualitative agreement with computer simulation . More quantitative comparison will be don e

in the coming months, and these results will be presented at the conference .

Reference sD.P. Grote, E . Henestroza, J .W. Kwan, Phy . Rev. Special Topics-Accel . & Beams, 6 ,(2003), 014202J. W. Kwan, D . P. Grote, and G . A. Westenskow, Rev . of Sci . Instrum., 75, (2004), p1838 .(proceeding of ICIS 2003) .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications 1

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

ANTIMONY ION IMPLANTATION IN SILICON

SUBSTRATES

R.LABBANI', B . Pipeleers2 , A. Vantomme2 and R. HALIMI '

1 Laboratory of Thin Films and Interfaces, Department of Physics, Faculty o f

Sciences, University Mentouri of Constantine, Route de Ain el Bey, 25000 ,

Constantine, Algeri a

2 Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, K .U.Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D ,

B-3001 Leuven, Belgium

We studied the defect accumulation and recovery after antimony ion implantation i n

monocrystalline silicon targets . The behavior of the dopant was also investigated. The Si(111) an d

Sî(100) substrates were implanted with Sb + ions at an energy of 120 keV to a fluence of 1 x 10 1 5

Sb +cm2. The recovery of radiation damage was performed by thermal annealing at 900°C for 3 0

min. in ultra-high vacuum. The analysis was carried out by means of Rutherford backscattering

spectrometry (RBS) using 1 .57 MeV He+ ions .

After the annealing treatment, it was shown that a significant quantity of S b+ ions was redistributed

into the silicon lattice . A detailed channeling study of Si(111) samples, revealed that an important

fraction of Sb dopant was located on substitutional lattice sites .

A good recovery of the radiation damage was observed for all samples . However, the superficial

residual defects were more important in Si(111) with regards to Si(100) . In case of Si(100 )

specimens, the restoration of the amorphised region was significant (approaching the situation prio r

to implantation) .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

EMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS OFAN ION BEAMCREATED BYAN ECRIS, USING A PEPPER POT DEVICE

P. Spadtke ' , K. Tinschert ' , J. Bossier ' , R. Lang ' , R. Iannucci ' and J. Maus 2

1 GSI Darmstadt, PlanckstraBe 1, 64291 Darmstad t2 TU Darmstadt, Karolinenplatz 5, 64289 Darmstad t

Because of the hexapole magnetic field within an ECRIS the plasma density is not uniform in fron t

of the extraction electrode . Computer simulation[1] has shown the severe influence of this non-

homogenity. To compare these simulations with experimental data, we are using a pepper pot

device. With that device it is possible to measure the two dimensional phase space without th e

projection of the usually used slit-wire method . A computer program has been developed to analyz e

the measured data .

References[1] P . Sp5.dtke, K . Tinschert, R . Lang, R . Iannucci; Use of Simulations Based on Experimenta lData,CP749, Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources- 1 6t'' International Workshop on ECR IonSources, Melville, New York, 200 5

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio nHigh Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

Development of a Permanent Magnet Light Ion Source a tCEA/Saclay

R.Gobin ' , G . Charruau ' , O . Delferrière ' , D . De Menezes ' , Y. Gauthier' , F . Harrault ' ,P. Leherissier2 , J-Y. Paquet

1) Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, CEA-Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA, 9119 1Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France2) GANIL, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen Cedex 5 . France

In France, the Spiral 2 project dedicated to radioactive beam production is based on a 40 MeV CW

Deuteron Linac . This installation will allow extending the variety of accelerated particles to ver y

heavy elements. Such beams will open new research domains for the GANIL facility . To inject the

requested 5 mA Deuteron beam into the Spiral 2 Linac, the performance of the high intensity ligh t

ion source (SILHI) allowed us to propose such an ECR source . SILHI, developed at CEA/Saclay ,

regularly produces high intensity (over 100 mA) proton or deuteron beams through a 9 m m

diameter aperture . So for this new project, several of the SILHI options leading to high reliability

like RF window protection, multi electrode extraction system were kept . The main modifications of

the new design concern the permanent magnets which provide the axial magnetic configuration an d

the 3 mm aperture. The source produced its first beam (proton) in 2004. This article will report th e

Deuteron beam characterization achieved at the beginning of 2005 while the source produced D +

beam with intensity as high as 7 .0 mA. In the near future, this permanent magnet source will b e

equipped with the 9 mm diameter extraction electrode . So high intensity proton beams reaching few

tens of milliamps are now expected . This new experiment will be also presented

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Development of a plasma ion source for next generatio nfacilities

M.CHEIKHMHAMED 1 , C . LAU ' , S . ESSABAA' , O . BAJEAT ' ,M. DUCOURTIEUX ' , H. LEFORT' .

1 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, F-91406 Orsay cedex, FRANC E

The IRENA ion source (Ionisation by Radial Electron Neat Adaptation) has been designed t o

operate under unprecedented radiation conditions generated by next generation facilities such a s

SPIRAL-2 and EURISOL .

The IRENA ion source is a FEBIAD type ion source [1] based on the EBGP ion source [2] .

In the framework of the SPIRAL-2 project, the design and development of this ion source has bee n

initiated .

The whole R&D program of this next-generation-facility ion source will be presented an d

discussed .

References[1] R. Kirchner, Nucl . Instr . and Meth . B 204 (2003) 179 .[2] J .M. Nitschke, Nucl . Instr. and Meth . A236 (1985) 1 .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

IMPROVEMENTS ON METALLIC ION BEAMS AT GANILWITH THE LARGE CAPACITY OVEN

P. LEHERISSIER, C. BARUE, C . CANET, M . DUBOIS ,

M . DUPUIS, J.L. FLAMBARD, G. GAUBERT, P . JARDIN, N. LECESNE ,

F .LEMAGNEN, R .LEROY, J .Y. PACQUET .

GANIL, Bd Henri Becquerel, 14076 Caen cedex 5 . France .

In the last two years the development of the Large-Capacity Oven (LCO) was continued. First tests

on-line with calcium, lead, tin and magnesium beam were achieved . We successfully produced 3 0

µA of Ca 9+ , 13 µA of Pb 23+ , 8 µA of Sn 21+ , and 50 pA of Mg 7+. Some deformation of the

filament appeared when working at high temperature . Several configurations of the filament and th e

use of an alternate power supply have been tested to solve this problem . The beams intensities an d

the ionisation efficiencies were improved in comparison with the standard micro-ove n

performances .

A high intensity magnesium beam, 110 µA of Mg 5+ , has been obtained using the "mivoc"

method .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentation

THE NEW ECR ION SOURCE DECRIS- 4FOR THE U400 CYCLOTRON

M.LEPORIS* , V . BEKHTEREV, S . BOGOMOLOV, A . EFREMOV ,G. GULBEKIAN, Yu . KOSTYUKHOV, A. LEBEDEV, V. LOGINOV ,

N. YAZVITSKY

JINR, FLNR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russi a

The new ECR ion source DECRIS-4 has been designed and constructed at the FLNR to be used as a

second injector of heavy multiply charged ions for the U-400 cyclotron . After the modification of

the injection side this source can be also used as a "charge breeder" (the "1+ -* n+" method) for th e

second phase of the DRIBs project . The main feature of the ion source design is the creation of the

extended resonance zone in a comparatively compact ECRIS . For this purpose the axial magneti c

field is formed with a flat minimum . In this case the superposition of the axial magnetic field an d

the radial field of the permanent magnet hexapole, made from NdFeB, allows one to create a large r

resonance volume . For the plasma heating a microwave frequency of 14 GHz is used . In this paper

we will present the basic design features of the ion source, including the results of the magneti c

field measurements . Some preliminary results of ion source tests are also reported .

*Also at : Biont a .s ., Bratilsava, Slovakia

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

PRE- AND POST-EXTRACTION ANALYSES OF

DIFFERENT CHARGE STATE ION COMPONENTS

PRODUCED IN A LASER ION SOURCE

F.BELLONI ' , D. DORIA' , A . LORUSSO ' , V. NASSISI ' and J. KRASA 2

1 Applied Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lecce,

and I .N.F.N. — Lecce, Via provinciale Lecce-Arnesano, C .P. 193, 73100Lecce, Italy2 Institute of Physics ASCR, 182 21 Prague 8, Na Slovance 2, Czech Republi c

Knowledge of the relative abundance, the energy and the angular distributions of various io n

species produced in laser ablation plasma is essential both on the fundamental physics ground, t o

understand the thermalization and expansion dynamics of the plasma plume, and on the applied

physics ground, to get an efficient and versatile ion source . In fact, the abundance of different

charge state ion components at the extraction point is determined mainly by their free expansion

angular distribution, showing a charge-state dependence, other than by recombination phenomena .

We present measurements and analyses related to such aspects, both on plasma in the fre e

expansion and on the extracted ion bunches . In particular, we characterized the former by means o f

ion current measurements, employing appropriate Faraday cups, electrostatic spectrometers an d

signal deconvolution techniques ; as regard as the latter, we performed time-of-flight spectrometry

and depth profiling of implanted substrates . The extracted bunch signal showed modulation on

time-of-flight due to the presence of multiply-charged ions; depth profiling by X-ray photo-electro n

spectroscopy also showed a maximum penetration range and a profile modulation compatible with a

multi-energetic beam. We used UV excimer lasers, at irradiance values in the range 0 .1 - 1 0

GW/cm2 (pulse width: 20 ns at FWHM; focused beam spot size : 1 mm2), to generate plasma from

several materials (Cu, Al, Ge). The ion beams were extracted at voltages of tens of kV, DC .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

INVESTIGATION OF A RF IND UCTI VEL Y COUPLED PLASMA IO NBEAM SOURCE CAPABLE OF HIGHLY UNIFORM STABLE, AN D

COLLIMATED ION BEAM GENERATIO N

V.Kanarov l , A. Hayes ' , R . Yevtukhov ' , I . Kameyama2 , D . Siegfried2 , and E. Wâhlin 2

1 Veeco Instruments, Inc, Terminal Drive, Plainview, NY, USA2 Veeco Instruments, Inc, 2330 E . Prospect, Ft Collins, CO, USA

In accordance with advanced data storage device fabrication requirements, we have developed a new broad -

beam rf ion source, commercially named NEXU STM 420, which has the capability of reproducibly generatin g

extremely uniform ion beams from 500 to 1500 eV with divergence angle J 3° and high directionality (J 0.5°)

[1] . For a 150 mm diameter wafer, an etch uniformity of J 1% sigma/mean in static condition or J 0 .5%

with wafer rotation is obtained over an ion incident angle range of 0° to 65°. This source utilizes a novel re-

entrant shaped plasma ICP generator for improved radial plasma density uniformity and a dynamic magneti c

field (rotating array of SmCo magnets) for improved static etch uniformity . An optimized 3-grid ion optic

assembly having better thermal and mechanical stability is utilized for this application . Recently, we hav e

evaluated extending the operation of this source to the critical low energy range, 100 – 500 eV, required fo r

fabricating thin film magnetic head sensors . It was found that, under optimum operating conditions ,

excellent etch uniformity (1 – 1 .5% sigma/mean) could be obtained at high ion beam current densities, up t o

0 .5 mA/cm 2, over the entire low energy range while still achieving low divergence angles (J 5°) and high

beam directionality . The ion beam performance was consistent with results obtained by simulation and b y

experiment using a 19-hole array ion optic test stand with scanning ion probe [2] . In the article we wil l

describe the design of the NEXUS– 420 source and the critical etch requirements and challenges for lo w

energy ion beam etching . We will then present the experimental performance data over the entire energ y

range, including plasma density distribution measured by an array of flat Langmuir probes, ion beam densit y

distribution measured by two dimensional array of Faraday cups, beam divergence distribution obtained by a

"pepper-pot" etch measurement technique, and etching rate distributions .

Reference s[1] V. Kanarov, et al, patent pending

[2] E. Wahlin, et al, abstract jointly submitted to ICIS05

Topic of your presentation: Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

ARTEMIS-B : A ROOM TEMPERATURE TEST ECR ION

SOURCE FOR THE NATIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIN G

CYCLOTRON LABORATORY AT MICHIGAN STAT E

UNIVERSITY

G.Machicoane1 , D . Cole I , J . Ottarson I , J . Stetson I , P . Zavodszky 1 ,

NSCL Michigan State University, East Lansing, US A

The current scheme for ion beam injection into the coupled cyclotron accelerator at NSCL involve s

the use of two ECR ion sources . The first one is a 6 .4 GHz fully superconducting source built in th e

late 80's and will be replaced within 2 years by SUSI a third generation 18 GHz superconductin g

ECR ion source . The other source, ARTEMIS is a room temperature source based on the AECR-U

design and built in collaboration with the University of Jyvdskyla in 1999 . Due to cyclotro n

operations constraint, very little time can be allowed to ion source development and optics studie s

of the cyclotron injection beam line . In this context, NSCL has decided to build ARTEMIS-B a n

exact replica of its room temperature ECR ion source . The goal of this project is threefold . One is to

improve the overall reliability of cyclotron operation through tests and studies of various ion source

parameters that could benefit beam stability, tuning reproducibility and of course overall extracte d

currents performance . Second, is to implement and test modifications or upgrade made to the ion

source : extraction geometry, new resistive or RF oven design, dual frequency use, liner etc . Finally

this test source will be used to study various ion optics schemes such as electrostatic quadrupol e

doublet or triplet at the source extraction or the use of a correction sextupole and assess their effec t

on the ion beam through the use of an emittance scanner and imaging viewer that will b e

incorporated into ARTEMIS-B beam line . Overall layout of the ion source and its beam line will be

presented along with the first results obtained after commissioning .

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

A new method of high brightness ion extraction based on bias electrod e

Y.J. Kim, D.H. Park, and Y.S. Hwang

Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul Nat ' l Univ., Seoul, Kore a

Up to recently, many efforts to improve the beam brightness of plasma ion source have been

made for the purpose of focused ion beam and maskless lithography . It is well-known that reducing

aperture from which ion beam is extracted could enhance the beam brightness . The size of micro -

scale aperture, however, cannot be smaller than width of plasma sheath, that is, a conventiona l

mechanism of meniscus formation is hardly applicable to that situation . In this article, a nove l

extraction method based on bias electrode is proposed and characteristics of beam brightness i s

demonstrated with 100µm aperture diameter . With a relatively low rf power of l kW at 13 .56MHz ,

the beam brightness of helium beam was measured up to 1000A/cm2sr with beam divergence angl e

of 25mrad. It is observed that three different regimes are clearly seen according to bias voltage .

More interestingly, beam current density abruptly increases when plasma is biased positively . By

pushing more electrons into a micro-scale aperture with the positive bias, plasmas smear into th e

aperture. In this scheme, much higher brightness is expected to be achieved by reducing extractio n

hole size further .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Laser Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

NEGATIVE ION PRODUCTION BY USING A ND: YA GLASER AT 109 W/CM2 IRRADIATING TANTALUM

D.Margarone ' ' 2 , L. Torrisi ' ' 2 , J. Krasa3 , A. Picciotto2 , F . Caridi2 and S . Gammino '

1 INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S . Sofia, 95124 Catania, Italy2 Dipart. di Fisica, Università di Messina, Ctr. Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy3 IP-ASCR, Prague, Czech Republi c

A Nd :YAG laser with 9 ns pulse width, 1 0 9 W/cm2 intensities, operating at fundamental (1064nm)and second harmonic (532nm) is employed to ablate Ta targets . The process originates to a plasmaplume expanding in vacuum at supersonic velocity along the normal to the target surface . Ioncollectors are placed at different distances from the target and at different angles with respect to th etarget normal. Time of flight measurements demonstrated that positive and negative ion are bot hproduced . In the useful range of the laser pulse intensities (circa 10 8-10 9 W/cm2) the negative ionyield is higher with respect to the positive one . The current emission, the ion average energy, theplasma ion temperature and the angular distribution were measured for positive and negative ions .A special attention is given to the negative ion emission for interesting application of the laser io nsource .

References[1] L. Torrisi et al . ; Nucl . Instr . And Meth. In Phys. Res. B 184, 327, 2001

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

The measurement of IF density and velocityin the extraction region of a negative ion source

using the perturbation of IT beam current by a pulse laser injectio nso

Y.Matsumoto l , M.Nishiura l , K.Matsuokal , M.Wada2 , M .Sasao 3 , and H.Yamaoka4

1 National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japa n

2 Department of Electronics, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321 Japan

3 Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan4 RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Harima Institute, Hyogo 679 -

5148, Japan

Hydrogen negative ion (H - ) sources have been used for heating plasmas in fusion experimental

devices . Tandem type H- sources are the candidates for ITER-NBI system, but more efficient H -

sources are desirable for future thermonuclear fusion reactors . For the optimization of ion sources ,the photodetachment method with Langmuir probe was developed and has been utilized for

understanding IT behavior in source plasma [1] . However, applying this photodetachment metho din the region very close to a plasma electrode have not been attempted due to the followin gproblems; the Langmuir probe interferes physically and electrically with the plasma electrode, an dthere is a risk of damaging probe power supplies due to an electrical breakdown between th eLangmuir probe kept at the extraction potential and the ground through extraction holes . Therefore ,we develop another method to measure H- density and velocity in front of extraction holes insid esource plasma [2] . A pulse laser light of which profile has a shape like half-circle passes through th esource plasma region close to the plasma electrode surface . All H - ions in the laser path ar edestroyed by photodetachment reaction due to the pulse laser beam . The H- beam current measuredby a Faraday cup suddenly drops due to annihilation of IT by photodetachment and recovered b yinflow of H- ions into the region of photodetachment from outside . To estimate the if density an dvelocity, this perturbation of H - beam current by a pulse laser is analysed with a ballistic mode lassuming the uniform filter magnetic and plasma electric field .

According to preliminary experimental results, change in the beam current due to collisions of H -ions with other plasma particles seems more important than a theoretical prediction . Theexperimentally measured if density had shown a strong dependence upon pressure, and the H -density estimated from the present method was larger than the value estimated from the Langmui rprove method. Meanwhile, the estimated H - velocity showed relatively small effects due t ocollisions, and therefore, the estimated value of H - velocity was in good agreement with Langmuirprobe method .

References[1] M.Bacal, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 71, 3981(2000) .[2] Y.Matsumoto, M .Nishiura, K.Matsuoka, M .Sasao, M .Wada, and H.Yamaoka, Thin Solid Films ,To be published (2005) .

Plasma Theory and Diagnostics

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Production of charged (singly and multiply) phosphorus beamswith ECRIS

L.Maunoury ' , S . Kantas 2 , J.Y . Pacquet3 and R. Leroy3

1 CIRIL, av Henri Becquerel, B .P. 5133, 14070 Caen Cedex 05, France2 PANTECHNIK, 12, rue Alfred Kastler, 14000 Caen, France3 GANIL, av Henri Becquerel, B .P. 5027, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France

Within the framework of biological application linked to ion irradiation, the fabrication of

radioactive stents by ion implantation provides a significant improvement of the recovery of arterie s

after a treatment of stenosed coronary arteries [1, 2] . For this appliance, the suitable radioactive io n

is 32 P. Obviously, in order to have a minimum loss of these radioactive ions through the ionisation

process, it is imperative to have a high ionisation efficiency . In this paper, the production of such

singly and multiply charged phosphorus beams are investigated using two different ECR io n

sources : MONO1000/1001 [3] and SUPERSHyPIE [4] . Spectra and above all efficiencies [5, 6] o f

these beams will be presented as well as the intensities and stability of such beams .

References

[1] E . Huttel et al ., Rev.Sci. Instrum., 73 (2), 825 (2002)[2] M.-A . Golombeck et al ., NIMB 206, 495 (2003)[3] P. Jardin et al ., Rev . Sci . Instrum., 73 (2), 789 (2002)[4] J.Y. Pacquet et al ., EP Patent N°97 401294[5] J.Y. Pacquet et al ., GANIL R 03 07[6] J.Y. Pacquet et al ., GANIL R 03 08

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

THE TEXAS ASM 14.5 GHZ ECRIS AND 6.4 GHZ ECRIS

D. P . MAY' , F . P . ABEGGLEN ' , G. J . DERRIG' , and R. S . OLSEN'

1 Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA77843

The plasma chamber of the Texas A&M 14 .5 GHz ECR ion source ECR2 has been redesigned

recently. Small diameter (1 .8 mm), water-carrying copper tubes are interposed between the NbFe B

permanent magnets and the aluminum plasma-chamber wall . This design allows for more protectio n

of the hexapole via water-cooling than the previous design and also eliminates all of the

troublesome water-to-vacuum seals of the previous design . Both ECR2 and the 6.4 GHz ECRIS

ECR1 have similarly dimensioned aluminum plasma chambers, both incorporate biased disks, bu t

each operates much differently . The performance and the operating parameters of the two sources

are compared .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Enhancement of II extraction from a compact source bystreaming neutral gas injection (SNGI) .

Alexander Mendenilla, Hidenori Takahashi, Toshiro Kasuya and Motoi Wad a

Graduate School of Engineering, Doshisha University ,Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0321 Japan

A new negative ion extraction geometry using Streaming Neutral Gas Injection (SNGI) wa sintroduced as another alternative for negative hydrogen ion (H -) enhancement [1] . By injectinghydrogen gas flow within the vicinity of the extractor electrode, a region of localized high electron -neutral collision rate is created . This process reduces the effective local electron temperature of th eplasma at the extraction region to values favourable for H - ion production by dissociative electronattachment to rotationally/vibrationally excited H2. Previous results have shown that this techniqu eincreases the extracted H - current by 150% at r ion source pressures lower than 0 .7 Pa. Tounderstand the enhancement mechanism, the Te, ne and negative ion density distributions along th eSNGI were measured by a Langmuir probe and by DC Laser photodetachment [2] . Theexperimental results showed that a maximum was observed at a distance 4-6 mm away from th eSNGI center when the conducting SNGI structure was set at floating potential .

These findings suggest that the extraction experiments can be further improved since the ywere previously performed while the SNGI structure was grounded and while the extractor wa slocated 2 mm away from the center of the SNGI . Based upon this idea, the aforementioned H -extraction setup was modified . The extractor is now capable of moving 0-10 mm away from thecenter of the SNGI and it is electrically isolated from the entire ion source . Results of thesemodifications will be presented .

Reference s

[1] A. Mendenilla, H. Takahashi, T . Kasuya and M . Wada, to be published at a special issue of Thi nSolid Films for the 7th APCPST & 17th SPSM, June 29 - July 2, 2004 Fukuoka, Japa n

[2] H . Takahashi, T . Kasuya and M. Wada, Rev. Sci . Instrum . 75, 1780 (2004)

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

GAS PULSING TEST FOR A PULSED PENNING SOURCE

T.MIYATA' , T . MIYOSHI ' , T. SAKUMA' , Y. TAKAHASHI ' and Y . SATO2

1 Accelerator Engineering Corporation, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku Chiba-sh i

Chiba-ken Japan

2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa Inage-ku

Chiba-shi Chiba-ken Japan

Detailed experiments on gas pulsing for the pulsed Penning source have been carried out, sinc e

the first results on the improvement in the yield of Ne 6+, which were presented in the last

conference 'ICIS2003' held at Dubna. For example, an attempt was made to change the position o f

gas valve from outside to inside the chamber ; the distance between the valve and chimney was

shortened. Recent developments on gas pulsing are presented .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Sub Microsecond Beam Notching at Low Energy- What to do about Space Charge ?

D.MOEHS '

1 Fermilab, P .O . Box 500, Batavia IL 60561, USA

A technique for creating a burst of 100 ns beam notches at 454 kHz has been developed at ,, . 20 keV

utilizing a Magnetron ion source with a slit extraction system and a split extractor . Each half of the

extractor is treated as part of a 50 ohm transmission line which can be pulsed at ± 700 volts creatin g

a 1400 voltage gradient . A beam reduction of 95% has been observed at the end of the Fermilab

400 MeV Linac. Notched multi-turn injection into the Booster, a 400 MeV to 8 GeV synchrotron ,

has also been demonstrated with a charge reduction in the resulting beam gap of 35% . Presently ,

the tailing edge of the notch is adversely affected by space charge forces resulting in a beam

recovery with two different time constants . The slower of these time constants is associated wit h

the recovery time of the neutralizing space charge in the low energy transport region, which build s

up relatively slowly (1-2 µs) . Efforts to characterize and minimize this effect are discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Source Selection for the Proton Driver an 8 Gev H Lina c

D. P .MOEHS 1 , R. F . WELTON 2 and M. P . STOCKLI 2

1 Fermilab, P.O . Box 500, Batavia IL 60561, USA2 SNS, Oak Ridge National Lab, P .O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

With the dedication of the MINOS experiment [1] in March 2005, the Fermilab program no w

includes two neutrino beamlines, the NuMI beam at 120 GeV from the Main Injector and an 8 Ge V

beam from the Booster which currently supports the MiniBooNE experiment [2] . Delivered proton

on target demands for these two experiments is stretching the capabilities of the existing Fermila b

accelerator complex, particularly between 400 MeV and 8 Gev, and requires a tight proton budget

[3]. In order to facilitate the high energy physics program at Fermilab and build a scaled test (–1 . 5

%) of the Linear Collider's primary linac, a new 8 Gev H Linac is being proposed [4,5] . The I-1-

requirements for this machine will be discussed as well as ion source options for meeting thes e

requirements. Data from a long pulse, 3 ms, -11 mA I- beam produced using the SNS multicus p

RF ion source will also be presented .

Reference s[1] Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search, http ://www-numi .fnal .gov/[2] Booster Neutrino experiment, http ://www-boone .fnal .gov/[3] Fermilab Proton Plan ,http ://www.fnal .gov/directorate/program planning/Nov2004PACPublic/Draft Proton Plan v2 .pdf[4] Fermilab Proton Driver, http ://protondriver .fnal .gov/[5] An 8 GeV Superconducting Injector Linac Design Study, FNAL-TM-2169 (Part II), 2005

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Ion Beam Lithography by Use of Highly Charged Ar Ion Bea m

S .Momota' , S. Iwamitsul , S . Goto l , Y. Nojiri l , J . Taniguchi2 , I . Miyamoto2,

H. Ohno2 , N. Morita3 and N . Kawasegi 3

1 Kochi Univ . of Tech., Miyano-kuchi, Tosayamada, Kochi, Japan2 Tokyo Univ. of Science, Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, Japan3 Toyama Univ ., Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, Japa n

Ion beam lithography (IBL) is a useful technique to fabricate nano-structures . In order t o

develop this technique furthermore, highly charged ion (HCI) beam was applied to this technique.

Higher throughput and unique fabrication are expected caused by high activity of HCIs .

Ar1+ and Arg+ ion beams with E = 90 keV were prepared by a facility built at Koch i

University of Technology [1], and irradiated onto spin-on-glass (SOG) through a stencil mask . The

facility includes an ECR ion source (NANOGAN, 10 GHz), a beam transport and analysi s

system, and an irradiation system. The fluence of Ar ions was monitored during the bea m

irradiation. The irradiated SOG was etched by a solution of HF for one minite .

The step structure was successfuly fabricated on SOG by the chemical ethcing afte r

the irradiation. The depth of the step structure using Arg+ increasing linearly with the

fluence of Ar ions and was greater than the depth obtained using Ar t+ ions as shown in

Fig. 1. This result shows the effeceviness of HCI beam for IBL .

0

+ i

120

40

00

5

10 15 20 25 30Fluence of Ar ions [10 14 ptcl ./cm2 ]

Fig. 1 The depth of the step structure as a function of the fluence of Ar ion

References[1] S . Momota et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum. 75, 1497 (2004) .

Topic of your presentation :Mass Spectroscopy

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Negative molecular ion source for SIMS

S .N.Morozov and U.Kh.Rasulev

Arifov Institute of Electronics, Akademgorodok, 700125 Tashkent, UzbekistanE-mail : serg.morozgsarkor .uz

Application of polyatomic projectiles demonstrates considerable advantages in SIMS [1,2] .

Wide perspectives of molecular projectile application stimulate the search for optimal types o f

polyatomic projectiles . The most important area of SIMS remains the ultra-shallow depth profilin g

of silicon. Evidently in this case the silicon cluster ions could be most preferable as projectile s

because the profiling process will not accompanied by contamination of inhomogeneous atom s

from the ion beam that could distort the result of SIMS analysis . Moreover, the self-sputtering mode

is considered as very effective . For more complete usage of advantages of polyatomic projectiles i t

could be expedient to apply the molecular ions containing optimal number of oxygen atoms such a s

SimOn .

In this paper the construction and applications of molecular S im - and SimOn - ion source are

described. The Sim - ions (m = 1 - 6) are produced by sputtering of a silicon target by C s+ ions. For

producing of SimO n - ions (m = 1 - 6 ; n = 1 - 11) SiO2 target was used . The molecular ion currents

were from 1 0 -9 to 1 0 -6 A in the energy range of 4 - 20 keV. The parameters of cesium ion gun an d

the temperature of sputtered Si and SiO 2 targets were optimized . High stability and long-term

operation have been demonstrated .

This ion source has been used for investigation of secondary ion emission of silicon .

Significant increase in the yield of Si 3 B+, Si3C+, Si 2N+ secondary ions has been observed whe n

SimOn - molecular projectiles with m = 5 — 6 instead of atomic ones were used . These results confirm

the advantages of analysis by the cluster-SIMS-cluster mode [3] .

References

[1] Y.LeBeyec, Int .J .Mass Spectrom . Ion Processes 174, (1998) 10 1

[2] M.J. van Stipdonk, in: J .C .Vickerman, D.Brigs (Eds .), TOF-SIMS : Surface Analysis by Mass

Spectrometry, IM Publication and Surface Spectra, Huddersfield, 2001, p 309 .

[3] U.Kh. Rasulev, S .N. Morozov, Izv . Akad. Nauk. Ser . Fiz . 2002, 66, N4, P . 522 (in Russian) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Improvement of the Kei2 source for new carbon therapy facility

M. Muramatsu l ' 2 , A. Kitagawa2 , Hirotsugu Ogawa2 , Y. Iwata2 , S . Yamada2 ,Hiroyuki Ogawa3 , Y. Yoshida4 and A. G. Drentje5

1 Graduate school of Mechanical Engineering, Toyo Universit y2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japa n3 Accelerator Engineering Corporation, 2-13-1 Konakadai, Inage, Chiba 263-0043, Japa n4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8585, Japa n

5 K.V .I ., University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747AA Groningen, The Netherland s

A compact ECR ion source with all permanent magnets has been developed for a new carbo n

therapy facility at NIRS . At first, prototype compact ECR ion source (Kei source) was designed t o

study its performance in producing C4+ [1] . The fixed magnetic field profile of the Kei source wa s

copied from that of 10 GHz NIRS-ECR source in the HIMAC, which has already proven to b e

reliable and stable for the production of C4+. The Kei source has satisfied the basic requirements of

the medical application . Based on the results of the Kei source, we have designed a new compac t

ECR ion source (Kei2 source), in which the magnetic field and the extraction system are modifie d

for the improving the performance [2] . Initial tests with the Kei2 source have given intensity of 53 0

eµA for C 4+ under an extraction voltage of 40 kV and beam stability of better than 6% during 9 0

hours under an extraction voltage of 30 kV . In these beam tests, there was continues unwante d

discharge around the puller at high voltage extraction (above 40 kV) . Start of discharge, it causes

short distance between the end of plasma chamber and the puller of 5 mm . At the high voltage

extraction, it causes of vapor from Cu puller because of unwanted discharge . Then, the vacuum

pressure in the extraction region would be worse . In order to suppress the discharge, plasma

chamber and puller were modified . Finally, beam intensity of 400 eµA was obtained with goo d

stability . This paper describes modification of the puller for the stable beam extraction ,

measurement of the emittance and acceleration test of C 4+ beam at prototype RFQ linac for ne w

facility .

References[1] M . Muramatsu et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 984 (2000 )[2] M . Muramatsu et al ., Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on ECRIS, 2004, p, 183 .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

BEAM FORMATION FROMDENCE PLASMAOF ECR DISCHARGE

A.SIDOROV ' , I . IZOTOV ' , S . RAZIN' , V. SKALYGA 1 , V . ZORIN ' ,A. BALABAEV2 , and S . KONDRASHEV2

1 Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov St . Nizhny Novgorod, 60395 0Russia2 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), 117259, B .Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow, Russi a

Quasistationary plasma flows with current density of multicharged ions up to several A/cm2 from

ECR discharge pumped by high-power millimetre-wave radiation in a mirror magnetic trap wer e

obtained. Plasma expansion along magnetic field lines allowed to apply any current density for io n

beam formation just by changing the distance between the plug and ion extractor . Measurements of

plasma radial distribution have shown that transversal plasma uniformity is good enough . It gives

opportunity to apply multiaperture extracting system which can increase total ion current up t o

dozens and even hundreds mA .

This paper is devoted to adjustment of ion extracting system of the SMIS 37 setup to high plasma

density and demonstration of possibility to form multi-beams set . Plasma was created in a cus p

magnetic trap by pulsed microwave radiation of a gyrotron with frequency 37,5 GHz and power up

to 100 kW. In particular, ion current 4,2 mA through plasma electrode hole 1 mm in diameter jus t

down stream of the puller was achieved .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

Optimization of negative ion source for a heavy ion beam prob e

M. Nishiura' , T . Ido ' , A. Shimizu ' , S . Kato ' , A . Nishizawa ' , Y . Hamada' ,Y. Matsumoto ' , A. Mendenilla2 , and M. Wada2

1 National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences ,322-6 Oroshi, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292 Japan

2 Departments of Electronics, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610 -0321 Japan

A heavy ion beam probe (HIBP) system has been installed in the Large Helical Device (LHD) a tNIFS to measure the local plasma potential and fluctuation . It consists of sputter type Au - ionsource [1], tandem accelerator, beam transports, and energy analyzer . The accelerated Au beamundergoes double charge exchange and the resulting Au + beam (primary beam), which normall yreaches up to 6 MeV, is injected into the LHD plasma . The ionized beam (secondary beam : Aug+ )

with a trajectory in plasmas is detected by the energy analyzer . The energy difference between theprimary and the secondary beam corresponds to the value of the local plasma potential .

In the experimental campaign of the LHD in 2004, the secondary beam through the plasmas wa ssuccessfully detected with the energy analyzer . However the more intense beam (Au +) should beinjected to expand the operational regime such as the high density of the order of 10 19 cm-3 ,otherwise the injected beam will be attenuated due to the collisions . The plasma-sputter negativ eion source of the previous design produced the mass separated Au beam with 10 micro amperecurrent and 10 keV mean energy. To enhance the Au+ primary beam current, plasma-sputternegative ion source having larger sputtering target and plasma volume was designed and tested .

Preliminary experimental results with new ion source have indicated that the Au - beam currentreached to about 70 micro amperes, roughly in proportion to the surface area of the gold target .Optimization of the beam extraction and transport is being carried out with the aid of a compute rsimulation through properly modeling the extractor and focusing components . These results will bepresented along with the experimental results of the HIBP system .

Reference s[1] A. Taniike, NIFS report, NIFS-352, (1995) .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

DEVELOPMENT OF THE H ION SOURCE FOR THE HIGHINTENSITY PROTON ACCELERATOR (J-PARC)

H.OGURI' , A. UENO 1 , K. IKEGAMI 2 and Y . NAMEKAWA '

1 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) ,Tokai-mura, Naka-gun Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan

2 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) ,Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0801, Japan

The Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Project was started in 2001 as a join t

project carried out by JAERI and KEK. At the first stage of the J-PARC, the linac will accelerate

the negative hydrogen (H -) ion beam current of 30 mA with a duty factor of 1 .25 % (0 .5 msec and

25 Hz) . The J-PARC H - ion source driven with a LaB6 filament has regularly delivered more tha n

35 mA beam with a duty factor of 0 .9 % during the commissioning of the J-PARC linac front-en d

part, without resorting to cesium [1] . Owing to the cesium free operation, the electric breakdow n

between the electrodes hardly occurred . Although the operated duty factor is about 1/3 of the J -

PARC requirement, the filament is not replaced for a half year. At the J-PARC, the lifetime of the

tungsten filament was measured by using another H- ion source, which can produce a beam curren t

of 72 mA with cesium seeded [2] . The experimental results showed that there is a possibility of th e

tungsten filament satisfying the lifetime of more than 500 hours, which is J-PARC requirement . We

consider the tungsten driven plasma ion source is one of the candidates for the J-PARC source . At

present, we are performing the beam test of the cesium free ion source driven with tungsten . We

will present the experimental data of the beam test in this conference .

Reference s[1] A. Ueno, et . al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 (5) 1714 (2004 )[2] H. Oguri, et . al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 (2) 1021 (2002)

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :

Plasma Theory and Diagnostics

Poster Presentatio n

Development ofzeolite ion source for Beam Prob e

measurements ofhigh temperature plasm a

S .Ohshima' , A. Fujisawa2, A. Shimizu2 , and H. Nakano3

1. Nagoya university, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

2. National Institute for Fusion Science, Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan

3. The graduate university for Advanced Studies, Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan

Beam probe measurements, e .g., Heavy Ion Beam Probe(HIBP) and Lithium Beam Probe(LiBP) ,

is a noble technique to access the interior of high temperature plasma with no disturbance to th e

plasma. In particular, main instruments for our study, HIBPs, are expected to clarify the mechanis m

of fluctuation-driven transport since the diagnostics are capable to measure density and potentia l

fluctuations simultaneously .

In our laboratory, a zeolite ion source has been used for the HIBPs due to its conciseness ; alkal i

ion beams are easily extracted by heating a zeolite up to 700-1200°C . Recently our improvement o n

the heating and supporting structure (a cylinder of 6 mm diameter and 10 mm length) enhanced th e

beam intensity up to –mA from the previous value of -10 µA for Cs ion beam of 10keV . The

increment of the beam intensity enables us to measure the fluctuations of the plasma interior .

In addition, we have developed an efficient way to create a zeolite source containing a desirabl e

fraction of target ions . Particular zeolite sources (Rb, Cs, Tl) are made using a replacement reactio n

of commercial sodium (4A-)zeolite with target chloride . For example, zeolite source of 80% cesium

fraction has been successfully obtained . At present, ways to make sources of other ion species are

being investigated for the beam diagnostics in low temperature plasmas .

In this paper, the results will be presented on our trial to obtain intense beams, including th e

property of the zeolite ion sources, e .g, temperature dependence on obtained beam intensity, their

duration and SEM (scanning electron microscope) pictures of structural change of zeolite crystal i n

aging .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF BEAM EXTRACTION FROMMULTI-ANTENNA RF ION SOURCE IN NIFS

Y.OKA ' , T . SHOJI2 , K. IKEDA' , O. KANEKO ' , K. NAGAOKA ' ,M. OSAKABE ' , Y. TAKEIRI ' , K.TSUMORI ' , E . ASANO ' ,

T. KONDO' , M. SATO' and M. SHIBUYA '

1 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japa n2 Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan

Radio frequency-discharge ion source as a candidate of alternative source has been developed t o

dissolve the issue of filament lifetime in the ion source for the Large Helical Device-neutral bea m

injection system at the National Institute for Fusion Science . Improved multi-antenna system base d

on the prototype antennas in 1/6th scale LHD-N-NBI ion source (i .e ., dimension of 35x35x21 cm)

was fabricated to extract ions from high density plasmas with high RF power of several tens kW .

The plasma could keep presumably the low electron-temperature which is caused by reduced R F

voltage on the antennas [1 - 3] . This should be a key merit of the RF plasmas with the multi -

antenna system comparing to the conventional loop antenna system .

In the present experiments, we studied the characteristics of negative ion (H") extraction with a

small extractor (i .e ., 5mm in diameter) from the multi-antenna source (four linear-antennas

connected in parallel) with external filter for volume production. Ion source is at high potential (up

to 15kV), and the antenna system is isolated by a DC break using capacitors . An 80 micro-A of

negative ion current (corresponding current density is -0 .5mA/cm2) with RF power of -20kW wa s

obtained with a collector plate at -10cm downstream . When the source was operated with ga s

pressure ranging from 1 to 10 mtorr, the current decreased with the gas pressure . We will study

also the extraction characteristics for the purpose of optimizing the numbers of antennas, and a

positive-ion extraction from this source plasmas .

References[1] Y .Oka and T .Shoji, in 5 th Joint JA-EU Workshop on NBI, CIEMAT, Madrid, Sep .2000[2] Y .Oka et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum. 75, 1841(2004)[3]T.Shoji et al ., presentation in this conference .

Topic of your presentation

Requested presentatio nLaser Ion Sources

Oral presentation

THE APPLICATION OF THE LASER RESONANCEIONIZATIONDIRECTLY INSIDE THE TAR GET FOR THE

SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF 145, 145m, 143mGd

A .E . BARZAKH, D.V. FEDOROV, A .M. IONAN, V .S . IVANOV, F .V. MOROZ,

K.A. MEZILEV, S .YU. ORLOV, V.N. PANTELEEV, YU .M . VOLKOV

188300, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute RAS (PNPI), Gatchina ,Leningrad district, Russi a

Resonance ionization directly inside the target has been applied for the first time for isotope shift

and hyperfine splitting measurements at the IRIS facility (PNPI) . For such a hard volatile element

as gadolinium (boiling point is 3546°C) effusion is the main process responsible for the delay o f

nuclides in the target – ion source system. The newly developed target was specially designed for

production of elements with long sticking time such as Gd to exclude "cold spots" which sometime s

exist at the places of the target – transfer tube – ion source connection . The production yield of the

short-lived Gd atoms and the selectivity of the laser ionization for Gd atoms are appeared to b e

nearly two and seven times higher correspondingly as compared to conventional target – laser io n

source system. Changes in mean square charge radii &r2,A,A for 145Gd 145m Gd 143mGd and magneti c

moments for 145Gd 14sGd`" have been determined.

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

ENHANCED BEAM CURRENTS OF P 3+AND P4+FOR USE IN

SEMICONDUCTOR ION IMPLANTERS

V .I . Gushenets, A .S. Bugaev and E .M. Oks

High Current Electronics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634055, Russia .

A. Hershcovitch and B.M. Johnson

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, 11766, USA

T.V. Kulevoy

Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117218, Russia .

H.J. Poole

PVI, Oxnard, California, 93031-5023, USA

A. Ya. Svarovsky

Siberian Division of Russian National Research Center, "A .A. Bochvara Scientific Researc h

Institute for Inorganic Materials ", Seversk, Tomsk region, 636070, Russia .

Results of experiments aimed to increase yield of multiply charged state for phosphorous io nsource are presented. The experiments were carried out collaboratively by a joint team of Russian sand US researchers at HCEI . The Bernas type ion source with a plasma-beam discharge that is aunit of the Russian ion implanter "Vesuvius" was chosen for testing . Considerably enhanced yield sof P3+ (1 .9 pmA) and P 4+ (0 .12 pmA) were obtained using . The source design, experimental layout,and results of extensive optimization studies are described . The improved production of multiply-charged ions is of particular interest for applications in semiconductor ion implantation facilities .

The full version of this paper is submitted to publication in Rev . Sci. Instrum, 2005 .

This work was supported in part by the DOE IPP Trust 2 program .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

ECR ION SOURCES WITH PUMPINGBYMILLIMETER WAVE RADIATION

V.ZORIN' , S . GOLUBEV 1 , S . RAZIN ' , A. VODOPYANOV' ,and V. SKALYGA 1

1 Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov St . Nizhny Novgorod,603950, Russia

A study of possibility to increase frequency of microwave pumping in ECR ion sources is a subjec t

of great interest to ECR community . Such investigations have been carried out at Institute o f

Applied Physics in Nizhny Novgorod for a while . Use of superconducting "min B" magnetic trap s

in ECR ion sources with pumping frequency more 40 GHz looks impossible because bafflin g

complexity of such traps . This is a reason why much simpler in manufacturing axisymmetric

magnetic traps seems to be promising. A review of last investigations on creation of plasma wit h

multicharged ion under ECR condition in mirror and casp magnetic traps as well as on high io n

current beam formation from dense plasma are presented . By now a superconducting magnetic trap

is manufactured, reconstraction of power supply for gyrotrons is under action . It allows to mak e

experiments with frequency repetion of pulses up 1 Hz, as well as to apply higher frequenc y

gyrotron: 75 GHz, 400 kW. Advantages and disadvantages of pulsed ECR ion sources with

frequency pumping 100 and more Ghz are discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :click here and selec t

OPTIMIZATION OF ION EXTRACTION

FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS ION SOURCES

S .OZAWA, Y. ISHII and M. FUKUDA

Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment ,Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute ,

1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-1292, Japa n

Ion micro beams are useful for elemental analyses, such as PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray

Emission), biotechnology, or the study of semiconductor science . So far, to form a 100 nm gas ion

beam in keV range, a submicron beam system with a duoplasmatron-type ion source have bee n

developed. A H2 + ion beam with a diameter of 160 nm which has energy of 46 keV, a current o f

110 pA, and an energy spread of 2 eV was achieved with the system [1] . Further reduction of beam

size could extend the application fields of ion micro beams .

In order to produce smaller sized ion beams without a reduction of a beam current, high-brightness

ion sources are necessary . We are now simulating and optimizing the ion extraction from ion sourc e

plasma by developing a 2D simulation code to design the high-brightness ion sources . This code

deals with arbitrary distribution of plasma density and electron temperature . In the presentation, w e

report the result of the calculation and discuss the possibility of high-brightness ion sources with

magnetic fields around a plasma boundary .

Reference s[1] Y . Ishii et al . : Nucl . Instr . and Meth. B 210, 70 (2003) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

Atomic wall recombination and volume negative ion production

D.PAGANO % C. GORSE 1 ' 2 and M. CAPITELLI ' ' 2

1 Chemistry Department,University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Ital y2 IMIP CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy

Several methods are studied to optimize the negative ion production that is of great importance i n

thermonuclear research field . The development of a model to study negative ion production from a

kinetic point of view, requires the knowledge of a large number of processes occurring either in ga s

phase or at the surface .

Surface processes can significantly affect the plasma kinetics especially when operating at lo w

pressure. In particular wall recombination processes hold a great importance in the negative io n

production . Indeed, their formation mechanism suggests that the vibrational level of the desorbed

molecules should influence strongly the negative ion yield modifying the vibrational distribution o f

the molecular hydrogen . A detailed description requires to know in which vibrational levels ,

hydrogen atoms impinging the surface, recombine .

A zero-dimensional self-consistent model has been developed to study multicusp ion sources in the

driver region. The main feature of the model concerns the coupling between the heavy particl e

kinetics and the electron one; the Boltzmann equation governing the electron kinetics is replaced b y

a set of master equations similar to those used to describe the time evolution of the heavy particl e

densities. It means that a state-to-state approach is applied also to the discretized electron energ y

range .

In the present study we will show how the nascent distribution of desorbed molecules affects th e

molecular vibrational distribution inside the source and then the negative ion density under differen t

operating conditions .

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

CURRENT DENSITIES OF HIGHLY CHARGED IONS

PRODUCED BY LONG HIGH-INTENSITYLASER-PULSES

L.LÂSKA ' , J . BADZIAK2, F .P . BOODY3 , S . GAMMINO4 , K. JUNGWIRTH ' ,

J . KRÂSA' , E. KROUSKŸ' , P . PARYS 2, M. PFEIFER' , K. ROHLENA ' , L. RYC2 ,

L. TORRISI4 , J . ULLSCHMIED ' , J . WOLOWSKI2

1 Institute of Physics, A .S.C .R., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republi c2 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery 28, 908 Warsaw, Poland3 Ion Light Technologies GmbH, 93077 Bad Abbach, Germany4 INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Via S . Sofia 44, 95123 Catania, Italy

Interaction of intense laser radiation above I L ,.. 10 14 W/cm 2 (IL 2, 2 ,,, 10 14 W/cm2 µm 2) with

pre-formed plasma significantly increases the charge state and energy of the ions produced, due t o

the appearance of various non-linear effects, including self-focusing (ponderomotive, relativistic ,

magnetic) [1] . With self-focusing, the diameter of the irradiation channel can be significantl y

reduced, down to the laser wavelength size, 2 , thus increasing the laser intensity by several order s

of magnitude . The PALS high-power iodine laser was used for studies of the generation of ions of

various medium- and high-Z elements, as well as of mechanisms of their production . Generation of

heavy ions with highest charge states above 50+ and kinetic energy of tens of MeV [2,3] is ascribed

to self-focusing of the main part of 400 ps long laser pulse in a plasma created by the leading edge

of the laser pulse interacting with the target . The current density of laser-produced ions, at a

distance of 1 m from the target, attains values of tens of mA/c m2 - higher or lower depending on the

element and the charge states of the ions produced . The conditions for appearance of a second fas t

ion group, as well as the limits of current densities of highly charged ions, will be discussed .

[1] L. Lâska et al ., Appl . Phys . Lett . 86, 1502 (2005) .

[2] J. Wolowski et al ., Plasma Phys . Control . Fusion 45 (2003) 1087.

[3] L. Lâska et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum . 75 (2004) 1546 .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

HIGH-BRIGHTNESS HELICON ION SOURCE

FOR HIGH-CURRENT PROTON ACCELERATORS

J .Y. Park, H.D. Jung, M .J . Park, S .H. Kim, K.J. Chung and Y.S. Hwang

Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-740, KORE A

Various high current ion sources for proton accelerators have been developed around the world ,

most recently with microwave plasma sources for long lifetime. An alternative approach with rf

helicon plasma is attempted by utilizing their favourable characteristics of high density with hig h

power efficiency . Hydrogen plasmas with density of more than 10 12cm -3 have been successfull y

produced at a modest rf power with a helical antenna in the configuration of axially non-unifor m

magnetic field . Hydrogen beam currents of up to 22mA (175mA/cm 2 in current density) at 18 kV

were measured in a cw mode. Beam characteristics from the helicon ion source are strongl y

influenced by the existence of axial magnetic field in the extraction region as swell as in the plasm a

source region. Plasma parameters such as density and ion energy were measured with Langmui r

probe and ion energy analyzer for different magnetic fields, and correlated with bea m

characteristics . Especially, beam emittance were measured with an emittance scanner and compare d

with the measured ion energy in the presence of significant magnetic field . Optimal helicon ion

source design for high brightness will be presented .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentatio n

A Minitype Permanent Magnet High-Current Microwave Ion Sourc e

Z. SONG, S . PENG * , J . YU, J . MING, Z . YUAN, F . QIAN and Z . G

Key laboratory of Heavy Ion Physics, Ministry of Education

Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Abstract: A 2.45 GHz high-current microwave proton ion source with permanent magnet was

developed at Peking University . The source body has a diameter of about 10 cm and a length of 1 0

cm. Its weight is less than 5 kg . It can be operated in both pulsed mode and CW mode . In pulsed

mode, more than 100 mA peak current of hydrogen ion beam, which corresponds a beam density o f

500 mA/cm2, was extracted from the source operating at 500 W of microwave power, 45 kV o f

extraction voltage and less than 2 sccm of hydrogen mass flow rate . In CW mode, the hydrogen ion

current can reach up to 60 mA, and the beam density is 300 mA/cm 2. The proton fraction is about

80% and the normalized rms emittance is less than 0 .170 mm.mrad in both modes .

References

[1] Taylor T, et . Al, Nuclear Instrument and Methods, 1991, A309 :37-42

[2] T.S .C. Wills, et . Al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 1998, 69(1) :65-6 8

[3] Sherman J, et .al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 1998 69(2) :1017-101 9

[4] Lagniel T-M, et . Al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 2000, 71(2) :830-83 5

[5] Z.Z. Song, et .al, Review of Scientific Instruments, 1996, 67(3) :1003-100 5

* : Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Email : [email protected]

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

High current carbon beam production with DPIS

M. Okamura l and H. Kashiwagi2

1 RIKEN, Saitama Japan2 Jaeri, Gunma, Japan

We have focused on high brightness of induced plasma in Laser Ion Source (LIS) to provid eintense highly charged ions efficiently. To take the advantage of the density of the laser plasma ,Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS) has been developed . In general recipe, the beam beinginjected to an RFQ has to be focused . This scheme is not only for acceptance matching but als ohaving a large beam size in the LEBT to prevent the beam loss caused by the space charge effect . Incase of DPIS, we do not need to obey this strategy, because enough injected beam intensity into th eRFQ can be achieved even if using diverging injection beam . The space charge effect can b eneglected during transportation from the source to the RFQ entrance, because the plasma is inducedin the box directly attached to the RFQ and the ions fly from the target to the entrance of the RF Qwith neutralized plasma state . Moreover the ion source part can be made extremely compact . Thereare no magnetic or micro wave devices and all the power for ionization is fed by laser light .

In 2004, a new RFQ was built for demonstrating a capability of the DPIS. After a fewmonths commissioning period, we could obtain 65 mA of Carbon beam from the RFQ whic hcontained mainly C4+. Optimizing laser system and operation condition of the RFQ, we als osucceeded to get 15 mA of pure C6+ beam . This new heavy ion production scheme could beapplied to Cancer therapy facilities and high energy nuclear physics accelerator complexes .

References[1] M. Okamura, et al . LASER AND PARTICLE BEAMS, (2002), 20, 451-454

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Plasma Theory and Diagnostic s

TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN PLASMA

PRODUCED BY HIGH POWER LASERS INTERACTING

SOLID TARGETS

A.Picciotto3 ' 5 , L .Torrisi 1 ' 3 , S .Gammino l , A .M .Mezzasalma 4 , F.Caridi3 ' 5 ,S . Passarello ' , D .Margarone ' ' 3 , J.Krasa2 , L .Laska2

1 INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy2 Institute of Physics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republi c3 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Messina, Ital y

4 Dipartimento di Fisica della Materia e Tecnologie Fisiche Avanzate, Università d iMessina, Italy

5 INFN-Sez. di Catania, Gruppo collegato di Messina, Ital y

One of the main goal of the study of plasmas generated by short or ultra short laser pulses is th e

estimation of a complex parameter as the plasma temperature . Considering the laser-target an d

laser-plasma interaction as non-equilibrium process, it is not possible to define an unique plasm a

temperature because the behaviour of the different subsystems such as ions, electrons, neutral s

particles, photons is not uniformly correlated and the physical parameters can be different i n

different values of the plasma plume . In this work different experimental set-ups and techniques and

different empirical and theoretical approach, are compared, by using a Nd Yag laser with a n

intensity of 10 10 W/cm2 and a Iodine laser with an intensity of 10 15-16 W/cm2 [1]. A time of flight

measurements have been performed with an ion energy analyzer and using a number of Faraday' s

cup, in order to measure the velocity and the kinetic energy of ions and electrons emitted by th e

plasma [2] . The obtained results have been relevant to confirm that by using a Nd :Yag laser the

plasma ion temperature in the plasma core is in the range of about 300 eV , while the optical

spectroscopy analysis reveals a temperature ranging from 1 to 10 eV corresponding to the Corona l

Temperature. The electron emission indicates the presence of hot electrons with an energy of abou t

1 keV. This results will be compared with the ones obtained powerful with the Iodine Pals laser .

References[1] S . Gammino, L . Torrisi, G. Ciavola, L . And6, J . Wolowski, L . Laska, J . Krasa, and A.PicciottoNuclear Instruments and Methods B 209 , (2003) 345-35 0[2] S .Gammino, L .Torrisi, L .And6, G .Ciavola, S .Mancagli, M.Presti, A.M.Mezzasalma, C.Gentile ,A.Picciotto, J .Krasà, L. Laska, M.Pfeiffer, K.Rohlena, J .Wolowski, P .Parys, E, Woryna, G .D .Shirkov and D. Hitz . Journal of Applied Physics, 2004 Vol 96, N°5

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Sources

STUDY OF A LIQUID METAL ION SOURCE FOREXTERNAL ION INJECTION INTO EBIS

A.PIKIN, J . ALESSI, E. BEEBE, A. KPONOU, K . PRELEC, J . RITTER

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY 11973, USA

A liquid metal ion source (LMIS) has several attractive features as an external injector of primar y

ions (mostly metallic ions) into EBIS : it does not use buffer gas and therefore it provides only a

very small gas load to the system, its control and operation are simple, power consumption does no t

exceed 10 watts, and beam pulses are very stable . A gold-silicon LMIS was supplied by FE I

Company [1] and tested in a pulsed regime with ion pulse width of 2 ms and frequency up to 5 Hz .

Total extracted ion current reached 50 µA and the normalized emittance of the total ion beam wa s

less than 0.1 ir•mm•mrad. The results of this test, as well as results of experiments in which this io n

source is used for injection of Au ions into EBIS, are presented .

References[1] http ://www.feibeamtech.com/

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

PERFORMANCE OFA RADIOACTIVE FRANCIUM BEAM

SOURCE FOR ON-LINE MAGNETO-OPTICAL TRAPS

G.STANCARI 1 , S . VERONESI 4 , L. CORRADI2 , S . N . ATUTOV ' ,V . BIANCALANA 4 , A. BURCHIANTI4 , R. CALABRESE ' , A. DAINELLI2 ,

C. DE MAURO4 , G. GATTOBIGIO ' , V. GUIDI ' , A . KHANBEKYAN4 ,C . MARINELLI 4, E. MARIOTTI 4 , P . MINGUZZI3 , L. MOI4 , Z . PESHEV' ,

S . SANGUINETTI 3 , and L. TOMASSETTI '

1 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, 44100 Ferrara FE, Ital y2 INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, 35020 Legnaro PD, Ital y3 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, 56127 Pisa PI, Italy4 Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, 53100 Siena SI, Ital y

A facility for the production of radioactive francium beams is operating at the laboratories of INF N

in Legnaro, Italy. Magneto-optical traps for Rb and Fr have been developed. The goal is to collect a

cold sample of radioactive atoms for studies in atomic spectroscopy, nuclear decay properties, an d

electroweak physics (atomic parity violation) . Production of francium is achieved via the fusion -

evaporation reaction 197Au( ' 80,kn)21 s-'Fr generated by a 100-MeV 1 .2-µA ' 806+ beam on a thick

gold target. The production target is heated to 1200 K and kept at +3 kV to enhance Fr diffusion

and surface desorption . Typical production rates are 0 .7 x 10 6 ions/s for 210Fr with a primary beam

flux of 1012 particles/s, with peaks of 3 x 10 6 (2'0Fr ions)/s . After a brief review of the project, the

physics of the production process is discussed, together with estimates of expected production rates .

Details are given on the design and construction of the production target and on the measurement s

that characterize its performance .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

SURFACE IONIZATION SOURCE OF MULTIATOMIC

IONS

U. KHASANOV, U. KH.RASULEV and D .T.USMANOV

Arifov Institute of Electronics, Akademgorodok, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Surface ionization of organic and bioorganic molecules and its general regularities open a wid e

perspectives of application, including producing the effective beams of multiatomic ions [1] .

Possibilities of creating and using the highly effective and selective SI sources of multiatomic ion s

are discussed under vacuum conditions, for example for Mass Spectrometry (MS), including SIMS

to modify bio-materials under multiatomic ion bombardment, and under air conditions, for exampl e

to create diverse gas-analyzers, including Ion Mobility Spectrometers (IMS) with SI sources, S I

Indicators of Narcotics [2] etc . : thermoemitter materials ; SI effeciency of substances in vacuum an d

in air, ion composition, possibility of easy focusing the ions into nano- and micro-probes ; operation

modes of SI ion sources which allow producing the effective beams of multiatomic ions withou t

separation and with practically homogeneous composition during the SI of hard-volatil e

physiologically active nitrogen bases (<1+5 . 10-9 mmHg), for example carbamazepine wit h

m/z=192; phenothiazine with mlz=199, 198; cotarnine with m/z=236, 234 ; papaverine wit h

m/z=339, 338; drotaverine with m/z=396, 394 . The current densities can be 10-11-10-7 A/cm 2

duration of stable emission is several tens of hours .

Reference s[1] U.Kh.Rasulev and E.Ya.Zandberg. Prog.Surf.Sci . 28, N2 3/4 (1988) 181-412 .[2] U .Kh. Rasulev, U . Khasanov, V.V . Palitsin, J . Chromatogr .A, 896 (2000) 3-16 .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGY FOR THE BOOST OF

PERFORMANCES IN ECR AND MICROWAVE DISCHARGEION SOURCES

L . CELONA' , F . CONSOLI ' , S . BARBARINO 2, G. CIAVOLA' , S . GAMMINO '

1 INFN-LNS, Catania, Italy2 Università di Catania, Ital y

The role of microwave technology is going to assume a primary role as soon as the increase of io n

charge states and beam currents is demanding for higher microwave frequency and higher injecte d

power to heat the plasma. In fact the scaling laws have anticipated the trend to higher frequency i n

ECRIS as that permit to rise the plasma density and finally the available beam current . Additionally ,

if the injected power is high enough and the magnetic field follows the rules of the High B mod e

concept, the increase of the average charge state produced by the ECRIS is guaranteed . At a lower

extent, the increase of microwave frequency and power can permit better performances also for off-

resonance microwave discharge source .

A review of some recent experiences along with the proposition of new operational set-ups will b e

presented . An investigation about the excitation and the number of modes involved in the process o f

ECR heating is presented, pointing out the characteristics of the dominant modes in the cavity, an d

showing their spatial field distribution in proximity of the confined plasma, for different profiles o f

the confinement magnetic fields .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

PLASMA DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR OPTIMISING

NEGATIVE HYDROGEN ION SOURCES

U.FANTZ' , H. FALTER' , P. FRANZEN ' , E . SPETH' , D. BOILSON 2 , R.HEMSWORTH2 and A. KRYLOV2

1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association ,Boltzmannstr . 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany2 CEA-Cadarache, EURATOM Association, 13108 St Paul-lez-Durance ,France

Ec)

One of the main tasks in the development of negative ion sources for neutral beam systems is th e

optimisation of negative ion formation in the plasma. At the present time, the surface process

(hydrogen particles in interaction with a thin cesium layer) plays the dominant role in th e

production of negative ions, whereas destruction is governed by volume processes . The complex

plasma chemistry requires an insight in the underlying processes determined by the plasm a

parameters . Since the survival length of negative ions is in the range of a few cm, the plasma regio n

close to the extraction area is of particular interest . Thus, diagnostic methods are essential which

can correlate measured plasma quantities with extracted current densities .

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) represents a passive, therefore ; non-invasive diagnostic too l

with a simple and robust set-up . This diagnostic tool is routinely used at the RF sources of the IPP

Garching and was also applied to the KAMABOKO arc source at CEA Cadarche . It will be shown

that OES provides a variety of valuable data for optimising negative ion sources . Of particula r

interest are the cesium balance in the source and negative ion densities and their correlation wit h

extracted current densities . In addition, a comparison between the plasma parameters of RF and ar c

sources will be carried out on the basis of the same analysis methods . The consequences on th e

formation of negative ions will be discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

HIGH CURRENT VACUUM-ARC ION AND PLASMA

SOURCE "RADUGA-5" APPLICATION FOR

INTERMETALLIC PHASE FORMATION IN THE SURFACE

LAYER OF METAL TARGET

I.B . STEPANOV' , A.I. RYABCHIKOV ' , E.V . KOZLOV 2, YU.P. SHARKEEV2 ,D.O . SIVIN ' , I .A. SHULEPOV ' , I .A. KURZINA2

1 Nuclear Physics Institute, Lenina ave . 2a, Tomsk, 634050, Russia2 Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building, Solyanaya pl ., 2, Tomsk,634003, Russia

Phase composition, structural state and mechanical properties of the ion-alloyed surface laye r

of Ni, Ti, Fe targets implanted with Al ions have been investigated . Ion implantation of the Al ions

into targets was carried out using the vacuum-arc ion-beam and plasma source "Raduga-5" . The

implantation at the high intensity mode allowed to obtain the ion-alloyed layer with thicknes s

several order of magnitude more than the ion projected range . By the transmission electron

microscopy it was established that the fine dispersed equilibrium intermetallic phases Me3Al ,

MeAl, and the solid solution of aluminium were formed in the surface alloyed Ni, Ti, Fe layers at

the depth up to 2600 nm . Additionally, the formation of McA1 3 phase was monitored by means of

X-ray diffraction . It was shown that the average size of precipitates of the formed phases was equa l

to 70 nm. It was established that the ion-alloyed Ti layer consisting of the intermetallic phases was

thermostable . The base phase composition remained the same after annealing at 473 K for 1 h . It

was found out, that the mechanical properties including microhardness, wear resistance of th e

doped Ni, Ti, Fe samples were higher than of the initial ones . The microhardness of the different

target surface layer was increased by 1,5-3 times . The wear resistance of the samples was no t

changed in the temperature range 300-700 K .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Source s

Analysis of Laser-Produced Heavy Ions for Direct Plasm aInjection Schem e

K. SAKAKIBARA ' , T . HATTORI 1 and , M.OKAMURA2 , S .KONDRASHEV3

1 Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITech), Japa n2 The Institute of Physical and Research (RIKEN), Japa n3 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Russian

ABSTRACT .

To accelerate highly charged intense ion beam, we have developed the Direct Plasma Injectio n

Scheme (DPIS) with laser ion source . In this scheme an ion beam from a laser ion source is injecte d

directly to an RFQ linac without a low energy beam transport (LEBT) and the beam loss in the

LEBT can be avoided . We achieved high current acceleration of carbon ions (60mA) by DPIS wit h

a dedicated RFQ. As a next step we are now trying to use heavier elements like Ta, Ag and Pb a s

target in LIS (using Nd-YAG or other laser) for DPIS and examine properties of laser-induce d

plasma aiming to highly charged ion production . At the coference, the detailed measured plasm a

properties and various parameters of the driver laser system will be discussed .

References[1] High current carbon beam production with DPI SThis conference .M . Okamura and H . Kashiwagi

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

OFF-RESONANCE MICROWAVE ION SOURCE FOR HIGH

CURRENT MOLECULAR HYDROGEN ION BEAM

N.SAKUDO 1 , N. IKENAGA I and H. ITO2

'Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 3-1 Yatsukaho, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-083 8Japan

2UJT Lab ., 4529 Nagatsuda, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8502 Japan

abstract

As the integration of semiconductor devices proceeds, each device size shrinks, resulting in

unstable device performances . The problem is easily resolved by adopting SOI (Silicon O n

Insulator) device structure that allows continued scaling of CMOS device architecture beyond 50n m

gate length. Many SOI wafers for such devices are made by hydrogen-ion implantatio n

accompanied with bonding and cleaving process . Since the needed hydrogen dose is as high as 10 1 7

cm -2 , utilization of high-current H2+ions instead of H+ ions makes the process time short .

Microwave ion source is tuned to provide very high-current beams of such molecular ions . In thi s

study we vary the source-magnetic field for a wide range from less than a tenth of the EC R

magnetic field (87 .5 mT for 2 .45 GHz) to 1 .3 times the ECR field . The result shows that the highes t

current for H2 + ions is obtained at the magnetic field of around 10 mT, although the highest H+

current is obtained at over the ECR field . The plasma generated at this condition is considered to b e

of low electron temperature and high electron density . The ion source is mounted on a commercia l

implanter beam line . The H2+ ion current from the off-resonance microwave source is resultantl y

about 3 to 5 times that of conventional Bernas source .

References[1] N. Sakudo, K . Tokiguchi, H. Koike and I . Kanomata, Rev. Sci. Instrum . 49 (7) (1978) 940-94 3

Topic of your presentation:High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Production of Multicharged Cluster Beams by Compac t2.45GHz ECR Ion Sourc e

K.SASA' and S .TOMITA2

1 Tandem Accelerator Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,305-8577, Japan2 Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,305-8573, Japan

The beam of multiply charged fullerene and cluster ions has been produced by ECR ion sources [1 ,

2] and widely used to study many fundamental aspects of multiply charged fullerenes . A compac t

2.45GHz ECR ion source was designed and constructed at University of Tsukuba to stud y

fundamental cluster physics such as a charge transfer in slow collisions and dissociation energies o f

multiply charged fullerene and carbon cluster ions . The magnetic field is given by two pieces o f

permanent magnets, corresponding to a closed resonance surface of 875 Gauss . A 2 .45GHz

microwave power and supporting gas are supplied into the plasma chamber in the transvers e

direction . The inner diameter and the length of the plasma chamber are designed to 32 mm and 7 2

mm, respectively . Fullerenes (pure C60 powders) are introduced into the ECR plasma from a

longitudinal direction on the beam axis with a simple oven and a laser ablation method. The optimal

conditions about the temperature of the oven, rf power, supporting gas and gas pressure ar e

discussed . Summary of the design, manufacture and the beam extraction tests will be described .

This work is supported in part by the Grand-in-Aid for Scientific Research of the Ministry o f

Education, Science, Sports and Culture of Japan .

References[1] S .Biri et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 (2002) 881 .[2] L.Maunoury et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum. 75 (2004) 1884 .

AMBIPOLAR PLASMA AND THE HIGH CHARGESTATE ION PRODUCTION IN ECRIS

L. SCHACHTER' , S . DOBRESCU' , K. E . STIEBING2

1 National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, P .O .Box MG-6 ,Bucharest, Romani a

2 Institut fuer Kernphysik der J . W. Goethe Universitaet, Max-von-Laue -StraBe 1, D-60438 Frankfurt / M , German y

In order to study the role of ambipolarity and space charge compensation in th eextraction zone on the performance of Frankfurt 14 GHz ECR ion source special metal -dielectric (MD) structures have been introduced into the area . Investigations to clarify theinfluence of non conducting secondary electron emitters were made and compared with aprevious experiment where the influence of a MD disk which replaced the standar dbiased metallic disk at the injection part was studied [1] .

The results put in evidence the increase of the HCS intensity of the extracted ion sand the important role played by the ambipolarity on the source performances .

[1] L . Schachter, S . Dobrescu, K. E . Stiebing, International Workshop on ECR Io nSources, Berkeley, California, USA, September 2004 . (in print )

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Optimization of a compact multicusp He + ion source for double -charge-exchanged He- beam

K . Shinto ' , H. Sugawara ' , M . Takenaga ' , S. Takeuchi ' , N. Tanaka ' ,

S . Kitajima ' , M. Sasao ' , M Nishiura2 and M. Wada 3

1 Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japa n2 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5929, Japan3 Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan

A He beam with enough current intensity is necessary to realize a suitable probe beam for

measuring spatial and velocity distributions of alpha particles produced in a thermonuclear fusio n

plasma [1] . A hot-filament-cathode-type compact (8 cm-diam . 10 cm-long) multicusp positiv e

helium ion (He+) source has been developed [2] to produce a high-intensity negative helium io n

(He) beam by a double-charge-exchange reaction in an alkaline metal vapour cell . The source i s

installed in a He beam analysis system to clarify factors influencing the final He - beam quality .

The ion source produces a low-energy and high-brightness He + beam to maximize He beam

current through enhancing efficiencies in double-charge-exchange reaction and in successive beam

transport . Beam emittance of He + extracted from the source is the key factor of the system, an d

depends upon several critical source plasma parameters . These include the ion temperature of th e

source plasma, and the ratio of ions lost by charge exchange reactions during their passage o f

extractors. In the He beam system, an electrostatic energy analyzer measures the energy

distribution functions of He+ ions of the extracted beam, while a time-of-flight (TOF) particl e

detector yields the velocity distribution of charge exchange neutrals produced in the beam

extraction and transport regions . Correlations between these parameters and the He + beam

emittance are discussed in the light of optimizing the He beam quality .

References[1] D. E. Post, D. R. Mikkelsen, R . A. Hulse, L . D. Stewart and J . Weisheit, Bulletin of theAmerican Physical Society, 24, 987(1979) .[2] M. Nishiura, M . Sasao, M . Wada, M. Hamabe, T . Kuroda and S . K. Guharay, Review o fScientific Instruments, 71, 1171(2000) .

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requestedpresentation :Oral Presentatio n

ANALYSIS OF X-RAY SPECTRUM OBTAINED IN ECRX-RAY SOURCE

R BASKARAN, and T.S.SELVAKUMARAN

Radiological Safety Division, Safety GroupIndira Gandhi Center for Atomic Researc h

Kalpakkam — 603 102, INDIA

Electron trajectories using single particle motion in TE 111 cylindrical cavity of ECR x-ray

source has been studied earlier [1] . An ECR x-ray source has been constructed [3] and the use of the

source for the calibration of TLD badges in low energy region and for the NDT applications hav e

been studied [4,5] . The source has been optimised for obtaining the effective energy of 40keV wit h

a dose rate of nearly 8 mGy/hr at the x-ray port. The plama parameters are measured usin g

Langmuir probe for the optimum experimental conditions and the results are used in the theoretica l

calculations . A simulation code has been developed for the electron energy distribution colliding

the wall . From the electron energy distribution, the x-ray spectrum produced is calculated and it i s

compared with the experimentally observed x-ray spectrum .

References[1] Ashwani Kumar and R .Baskaran, Rev . Sci. Instrum., vol .63,p.4439 (1992) .[2] R.Baskaran, Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol .69,3510 (1998) .[3] R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran, Rev . Sci. Instrum., vol .71,p .1203 (2000) .[4] R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran, Rev . Sci. Instrum., vol .76,p.46106 (2005) .[5] R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran, this conference .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-ANTENNA RF ION

SOURCE

T. SHOJI ' , Y. OKA2 and NBI Group 2

1 Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan2 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan

We have developed a multi-antenna rf ion source for NBI and studied the plasma characteristics .

In order to use the rf source as a practical NBI system for fusion research, high beam current an d

large diameter beam are necessary to be developed . To increase the beam current of the rf io n

source, high rf power input into the antenna is necessary. At high rf power, the conventional loo p

antenna has disadvantages related to the large rf voltage on the antenna such as voltage breakdow n

and high electron temperature or plasma potential . The multi-antenna system [1] can reduce antenna

inductance and rf voltage as a result . The four antennas elements of 20cm long are installed insid e

the 35 cm x 35 cm x 21 cm rectangular bucket chamber . The antennas are made of copper rods an d

placed in quartz pipes to avoid taking the net electron current from the plasma, which raises th e

plasma potential . The maximum rf power of 40kW at 9MHz is used . The effects of the numbers o f

antennas (connected in parallel) on the hydrogen plasma characteristics are studied . The ion

saturation current I ion measured by a Langmuir probe, electron temperature and plasma potential fo r

the hydrogen pressure of few mtorr are 20-70mA/cm 2, 3-10eV and 0-10V, respectively . The

increasing numbers of parallel antennas improves the available rf power input and changes plasm a

parameters . There are two discharge modes above few kW depending on the numbers of antennas .

Up to 40kW, no rf break down on the four parallel antennas is observed . The low and high density

modes are capacitively and inductively coupled discharges . The performance of negative and/or

positive ion beam extraction is also studied preliminaly [2] .

Reference s

[1] Y.Oka, T. Shoji et al ., Rev. Sci . Instrum . 75, 1841(2004)

[2] Y.Oka T. Shoji et al ., presentation in this conference .

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

PIC and Monte Carlo Modelling of Negative Ion Transport an dExtraction Processes in the Hydrogen Negative Ion Source

A.HATAYAMA 1 , T . MATSUMIYA 1 , T. SAKURABAYASHI I and M. BACAL2

1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi ,Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan

2 Laboratoire de Physique et Technologie des Plasmas, Ecole Polytechnique ,UNIR 7648 du CRNS, 91128 Palaisseau Cedex, France

Recently, effects of a week transverse magnetic field on H - extraction in the negative ion source(Camembert III [1]) have been studied by 2D PIC-MCC electrostatic simulation [2,3] . It has been

shown that the physical mechanism of the enhancement of H - extraction observed both in th esimulations and in the experiments is possibly explained by the modification of plasma charg eneutrality and the resultant electric potential structure due to the difference in dynamics betwee nelectrons and ions in the weak transverse magnetic field .

Being based on the basic physical understanding above, in this study, the parameter dependenc eof extracted H current on the B-field strength has been studied by the PIC model . Preliminarystudy shows that there exists an optimum strength of the B-field . Without the magnetic field, bothelectrons and ions are not magnetized . On the other hand, if the magnetic field is too strong, the nnot only the electrons, but also ions are magnetized . The results supports that the intrinsic physica lmechanism to enhance H - extraction is originally from the difference in dynamics betwee nelectrons and ions due to the "week" magnetic field .

Effects of other important parameters/phenomena, such as 1) electron temperature, 2) PG(Plasma Grid) bias, 3) electron diffusion across the B-field, 4) production mechanism (Volume an dSurface production) and 5) optimization of H - extraction by changing/controlling these parameter sare now also under investigation and will be disscussed .

References[1] C . Courteille, A.M . Bruneteau, M. Bacal, Rev . Sei. Instrum., 66, 2533-2540 (1995) .[2] T.Sakurabayashi, A .Hatayama and M .Bacal, J .Appl .Phys . 95, 3937-3942(2004) .[3] T.Sakurabayashi, A .Hatayama and M .Bacal, "Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Spatia l

Potential on Negative Ion Transport in Negative Ion Sources", in Proc. of the 10`h

International Symposium on the Production and Neutralization of Negative Hydrogen Ions an dBeams, AIP Conf. Proc. No763, Kiev, Ukraine (2004) .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Cybele: a large size ion source of module constructio nfor Tore-Supra injecto r

A . SIMONIN

CEA Cadarache, St-Paul-lez-Durance Franc e

A large size ion source (1 .2m high, 16cm wide) called Cybele is under development at Cadarachefor the 70keV 40A positive ion injector of Tore-Supra .The purpose of Cybele is to replace the existing Pagoda source to increase the present performanc eof the injector : increase of the neutral power, and long pulses . Cybele has a module constructionconcept in order to fit the curved extraction surface of the injector ; which is composed of five grids(48 beamlets per grids), vertically juxtaposed with a spatial orientation to ensure a geometrica lfocalization of the neutral beam 7m downstream . As a consequence, Cybele is composed of fiv eidentical modules vertically juxtaposed .The Cybele ion source has been designed to allow negative ion production ; although this mod ewould require a slight modification of the magnetic field topology .This modular concept could be applied to the large size negative ion injector for ITER ; it would b ecomposed of 16 identical modules vertically and horizontally juxtaposed .In the past, one module (the so-called "Drift source") was developed and optimized for bot hpositive and negative ion production . A version of that source is in operation on the Singap test bed ,where it has achieved close to the relevant performance for ITER in term of current densit y(-200A/m 2), pressure (0 .3Pa), and efficiency (-0.05Aof D"/kW) .The first test of Cybele will take place in a near future, we will measure the plasma uniformity ove rthe whole extraction surface .In this paper, we will describe the ion source concept, and its first experimental results

PRODUCTION OF INTENSE BEAMS OF SINGL Y

CHARGED RADIOACTIVE IONS

G .KUZNETSOV, M .BATAZOVA, K .GUBIN, P .LOGACHEV, and P.MARTYSHKIN

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090 ,Russian Federation

Abstract

An apparatus for production of intense beams of singly charged radioactive ions operating in on-

line regime is proposed . The radioactive atoms are produced in a uranium-graphite (UC) targe t

bombarded with neutrons. The required neutron flux is generated by a neutron converter containin g

graphite (C 13), which is bombarded with 100 MeV protons. The atoms of the produced isotopes ar e

ionized in an electron beam generated with electron gun and the ionized species of interest are

extracted with a separator .

The apparatus consists of the following parts :

rotating converter dissipating a substantial power of proton beam ;

UC target placed in a graphite container at high temperature . The atoms of radioactive isotope s

are extracted with a flow of noble gas ;

triode electron gun with ionization channel placed inside the solenoid forming a focusin g

magnetic field. The cathode of the electron gun is a spout of the graphite container . The atoms

of radioactive isotopes are carried with gas through the spout into the electron beam .

correction coil located near the gun matches the electron beam with the ionization channel ;

the first anode has a potential of 1-4 kV with respect to the cathode, and the second anode o f

this structure is the tube of ionization channel, it has some lower potential than the first anode ;

electron collector dissipates the electron beam ;

uranium-graphite target, the gun, the ionization channel as well as solenoid are located on a n

isolated platform with potential 30-60 kV with respect to ground . The beam of singly charge d

ions from the ionization channel passes the collector, goes through the extractor, acquire s

energy 30-60 keV and gets transported to the separator where the required species are selected .

Requestedpresentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

USE OF ECR X-RAY SOURCE FOR NONDESTRUCTIVETESTING (NDT) APPLICATION

R.BASKARAN and T. S . SELVAKUMARAN

Radiological Safety Division, Safety Grou p

Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Researc h

Kalpakkam – 603 102, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) technique is being used for generating x-rays in th e

low energy region (<150keV) [1,2] . Recently, the source is used for the calibration of TLD badge s

at 40 keV and 80 keV [3] . In order to qualify the ECR x-ray source for imaging application, th e

source should give uniform flux over the area under study . A DAC (Digital to Analogue Converter )

circuit pack is used for examining the source performance for imaging application . The require d

dose for NDT examination has been estimated using a hospital x-ray machine . Our source

experimental parameters are tuned to get the required dose values . The source x-ray flux profile is

measured using a teletector at different distance from the port and uniform field region has bee n

marked. The x-ray images obtained from ECR x-ray source and hospital medical radiography

machine are compared . It is found that the image obtained from ECR x-ray source is suitable fo r

NDT application .

References[1] R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran, Rev . Sci. Instrum., vol .70, p.2637(1999) .

[2]R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran, Rev . Sci. Instrum., vol .71,p.1203 (2000) .

[3]R.Baskaran and T .S .Selvakumaran (to appear in Rev . Sci. Instrum., May 2005) .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

A COMPACT EBIS/T WITHOUT MAGNETIC FIELD

R. BECKER 1 and Q. Ji t , L. Jit , Y. Chen2 and K. LEUNG2

1 Institut für Angewandte Physik der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat ,Max-von-Laue-Stral3e 1, D-6484 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 US A

Following the development of EBIS/T devices [1,2] without magnetic field, we have calculated ,

constructed, built and tested a super-compact version of this kind of electron beam ion trap an d

source. The great advantage of not using a magnetic field consists in the greater simplicity of th e

source and in the additional compression of the electron beam, when space charge neutralization i s

approached by filling up the ion trap with highly charged ions and their lower charged coolant ones .

At 10 keV electron energy and 150 mA relativistic pinching is not very effective [3] . However, high

current densities of the electron beam in excess of 300 A/cm2 are achieved without the use of a

magnetic focusing field by proper electrostatic focusing of the beam in connection with carefu l

tuning, taking advantage of the reduced beam spreading by neutralization . This kind of source wil l

deliver typically ions, like Ne to+ Ar16+ Xe44+ in about 30-100 ms and in an amout of 10 ' ions per

extraction pulse of 1 µs duration . We plan to operate this mini-EBIS together with the Berkele y

focused ion beam column [4, 5] . This combined system will provide high energy small beam spot s

for implantation and material modification studies .

References[1] H. Bongers et al ., Rev. Sci. Instrum . 67, 9869 (1996)[2] M. Mücke, thesis, IAP, University of Frankfurt (2001 )[3] G. Martinez and R .Becker, PRST-AB 10, 104201 (2000)[4] Q . Ji, K.-N . Leung, T .-J . King, X . Jiang, B . R. Appleton, "Development of focused ion beamsystems with various ion species", presented in 1 8 th International conference on the application o faccelerators in research & industry, October 10-15, 2004, Texas, USA .[5] J. Reijonen, Q . Ji, T.-J . King, K. N. Leung, A. Persaud, and S . Wilde, "Compact focusingsystem for ion and electron beams", J . Vac . Sci . Tech. B 20, 180(2002) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extractio n

Simulation of the space charge dominated extraction of a io nbeam from a ECRIS

M.Stalder, C .T . Steigies,R.F .Wimmer-Schweingruber ,

IEAP, Extraterrestrial Physics, University of Kiel, Germany

A new ECR ion source (ECRIS) using permanent magnets only has been developed for the use in a

solar wind calibration laboratory at the University of Kiel . The main goal of the new ECRIS is t o

produce highly charged ions such as Fe20+ to simulate the solar wind . The ECRIS and a 90° sector

magnet are placed on a high - voltage platform, allowing the static acceleration of ions in the energ y

rage of 1 keV/q . . 450keV/q. In this work we present first results from the ion optical simulations o f

the ion beam extraction from the ECR Plasma . We developed a simple numerical code to simulat e

the space charge dominated extraction from a plasma boundary in cylinder symmetrica l

coordinates . Our simulation code uses the program belal .0 [1] to solve the electrostatic problem

and can import the results from the magnetostatic program femm3 .3 [1] for the B-field values . With

the simulations we want to get a range for the distance Dext between the plasma electrode and the

movable puller electrode, taking into account the focusing properties of the permanent magne t

system. We expect that for an optimal transmission of each component in the ion beam, we have t o

adjust the distance Dext during the scan of the charge states .

References[1] D . C . Meeker, Foster-Miller Inc ., http ://femm.foster-miller .net .

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Acceleration of high current fully-stripped carbon ion beam bydirect injection scheme

H.Kashiwagi l , M . Okamura2, R.A.Jameson 2 , T. Hattori3 ,N .Hayashizaki 3 ,K. Sakakiara3 ,

K. Yamamoto4, Y. Iwata4, T. Fujimoto5

1 JAERI (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute) , Gunma, Japa n2 RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Saitama, Japan3 TIT (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Tokyo, Japan4 NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences), Chiba, Japan5 . AEC (Accelerator Engineering Corporation), Chiba, Japa n

abstrac t

Acceleration of a 14mA 100keV/u C 6+ ion beam has been successfully achieved with an RFQ lina c

by means of "Direct injection scheme" .The Direct injection scheme is a new scheme for injectin g

an ion beam from a laser ion source to the RFQ linac without a low energy beam transport line t o

avoid a beam loss due to the space charge effect .

The high current C6+ beam is required for single turn injection to a synchrotron to reduce the size of

synchrotron magnets .

The high current C 6+ beam produced by an ion source [1] with a Nd-YAG laser was injected to th e

high current RFQ linac by the Direct injection scheme .

It has been proved experimentally that the fully-stripped carbon ion beam with a current more tha n

10mA can be accelerated by the RFQ linac.

References[1] Nd-YAG laser ion source for direct injection scheme,H . Kashiwagi, et al, Review of Scientifi cInstruments, 75-5 (2004) 1569-1571

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

LASER BASED PROTON ACCELERA TION

V.MALKA ' , D . BATANI ' ' 2 , E . D'HUMIERES3 , F . EWALD ' , A. GUEMNIE-

TAFO ' , E . LEFEBVRE3 , M . MANCLOSSI 1 ° 2

1 Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée — ENSTA, UMR 7639, CNRS, Ecol ePolytechnique, 91761 Palaiseau, Franc e

2Dipartimento di Fisica "G.Occhialini " and INFM, Università di Milano-Bicocca ,Italy

3 Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée, CEA/DAM Ile-de-France, B P12, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France .

Laser driven particle acceleration is a new and very promising issue for cost and size reductio n

compared with conventional accelerators . Electron and proton beams have been generated in a

compact way taking advantage of the extremely high values of the electric field, in excess of a

TV/m, which a laser produced plasma can support . Proton beams with energies of a few tens o f

MeV have been obtained by the interaction of intense lasers, focused to intensities in the range o f

10 19 W/cm 2 to 1020 W/cm2, with thin foil targets . Such proton beams can be used to induce

11 B(p,n) l 1 C reactions for a positron-emission tomography isotope production scheme . Using

higher intensity laser beams it will be possible to accelerate protons up to energies within th e

therapeutic window between 60 and 200 MeV. An overview of proton acceleration based on th e

laser plasma approach as well as different applications will be presented .

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

FIRST LASER ION SOURCE RIB AT TRIUMF

J. Lassen ' , T . Achtzehn ', D . Albers ', P. Bricault 1 , M. Dombsky ', Ch. Geppert 2 ,J.P. Lavoie ', and K. Wendt 2

1 TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver BC, V6T 2A3, Canada2 Institut fir Physik, Universitat Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany

TRIUMF's isotope separator and accelerator facility (ISAC) produces radioactive ion beams (RIB )

from targets that are bombarded by a 500MeV proton beam of intensity up to 100 µA . ISAC target

operation with high proton currents [1] provides high yields of short lived isotopes . The main io n

source to extract RIB from these production targets is the surface ion source . In August 2002 ISA C

started to develop and install a resonant ionization laser ion source (TRILIS) in order t o

complement the surface ion source. The overall goal is to (i) allow for efficient ionization o f

transition metal elements, lanthanides and actinides, and (ii) to improve the beam quality of the RIB

by enhancing isobar suppression through element selective ionization . First descriptions of the al l

solid-state laser system concept and development work have been published [2, 3]. The first beam s

and test elements are Ga and Al . Beam delivery is scheduled for December 2004 and October 200 5

on Ga as well as July 2005 for Al . The overall status of TRILIS, and in particular, that of the all

solid state laser system together with current laser excitation schemes for Ga and Al will be

presented and the experiences from first on-line runs will be discussed .

References

[1] M. Dombsky, P . Bricault, P . Schmor, M. Lane, "ISAC target operation with high proto ncurrents", NIM B, 204, 191-196 (2003 )[2] Ch. Rauth, Ch. Geppert, R . Horn, J . Lassen, P . Bricault, K. Wendt, "First laser ions at an off-line mass separator of the ISAC facility at TRIUMF", NIM B, 215, 268-277 (2004 )[3] Ch. Geppert, P . Bricault, R. Horn, J . Lassen, Ch. Rauth, K . Wendt, "Resonance ionization laserion source - off-line tests at TRIUMF", Nucl . Phys . A, 746, 631c-634c (2004)

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Negative Hydrogen Ion Source and Neutral Beam sat National Institute for Fusion Scienc e

K. TSUMORI ' , K . NAGAOKA ' , O. KANEKO' , Y . TAKEIRI ' , M . OSAKABE ' ,Y. OKA ' , K. IKEDA ' , S. ASANO2 , Y. SUZUKI2 , J. WATANABE 2 ,

M . SHIBUYA' , E . ASANO ' , T. KONDO' and M. SATO '

1 National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japa n

2 Power and Inductrial System R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation,8 Shinsugita, Yokohama 235-8523, Japa n

Development of negative hydrogen ion (IT) sources and the injection status of multi-megawatt s

neutral beams for Large Helical Device (LHD) [1] are reviewed . The IT sources are characterized

by multi-cusp source with a pair of external filter magnets, and cesium (Cs) vapour is seed in thei r

plasma generator to enhance H f production . To obtain more injection power, plasma generator and

beam acceleration system have been improved continuously . By modifying the arrangement of th e

cusp magnets, abnormal arc discharge was reduced and the ratio of extracted if current to input arc

power increased from 1 .4 to 2.3 A / m2 kW. The new hybrid electrode system with the multi-hol e

grids and a multi-slot grid has been applied to the ion sources for one of the LHD beam lines t o

increase the beam injection power [2] . Using the hybrid, system the maximum port-through powe r

of 5 .7 MW / 186 keV / 1 .6 sec. achieved in 2003 [3] . The total injection power reached 13 MW

with three beam lines in the same year . The multi-slot grid has higher transparency than multi-hole

one, and the capacitance of heat load deposition and stripping loss are reduced by applying the

multi-slot grid. Although the injection power increased using the hybrid system, the combination o f

different symmetries of the electric field near multi-hole and slot grids causes the beamlet distortion .

The distortion is reduced by modifying the aperture shape of the grid at upstream of the slot grid .

Reference s[1] O. Motojima et al ., Physics of Plasma 6 1843 (1999) .[2] K. Tsumori et al ., Rev. of Sci . Instrum, 75 No. 5 1847 (2004) .[3] K. Tsumori et al ., Proceedings of IAEA Fusion Energy Conference 2004, Villamoura, Portugal .

D BOILSON 1 , B CROWLEY 2, H P L DE ESCH3 , R SHEMSWORTH 3 ,A KRYLOV3 , U FANTZ4 , AND B ZANIOL5

1 ASSOCIATION EURATOM-DCU , PRL/NCPST, GLASNEVIN,DUBLIN 13, IRELAND

2 EURATOM/UKAEA FUSION ASSOCIATION, CULHAMSCIENCE CENTRE, ABINGDON, . OX14 3DB, U

3 ASSOCIATION EURATOM-DCU, PRL/NCPST, GLASNEVIN ,DUBLIN 13, IRELAND

4 ASSOCIATION EURATOM-IPP, MAX-PLANCK—INSTITUTFUER PLASMAPHYSIK, D-85748 GARCHING, GERMAN Y

5 CONSORZIO RFX ASSOCIATION EURATOM-ENEA, CORS OSTATI UNITI 4, I-35127 PADOVA, ITALY

A model of the ion source designed for the neutral beam injectors of the Internationa l

Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the KAMABOKO III ion source, is being

tested on the MANTIS test stand at the DRFC Cadarache in collaboration with JAERI, Japan ,

who designed and supplied the ion source . Its target performance is to accelerate a D - beam,

with a current density of 200 A/m 2 and <1 electron extracted per accelerated if ion, at a

source pressure of 0 .3 Pa. The performance of this ion source for long pulse operation i s

being studied at the MANTIS test stand at the DRFC, Cadarache, France

Long pulse operation of the KAMABOKO III ion source has revealed three importan tproblems : The negative ion yield is below that measured with short pulse operation (<5 s) ,the caesium consumption is more then 1000 times that expected for the source on the ITE Rneutral beam injectors, and the increase in negative ion yield is much less than measured wit hshort pulses (<5 s) . A detailed characterisation of this source has been carried out in anattempt to further understand the physics of negative ion formation in the source and t odetermine its most efficient operating conditions . This paper presents the results of th echaracterisation of the ITER design ion source and the diagnostics used, which includ eLangmuir probes for electron energy distribution measurements and the determination o fother plasma characteristics, and optical emission spectroscopy . The Langmuir probe dat acan give information on the temporal behaviour of the plasma parameters and th espectroscopic measurements give information the behaviour of impurities and caesium as afunction of time . In addition the spectroscopic data give the fractional dissociation of the H2 ,the IF density and the gas temperature . Both Langmuir probe and spectroscopic data hav ebeen obtained as a function of the source operating conditions .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Development of an RF Negative Ion Source for ITER NBI

P . McNeely l , H.-D. Falter, U . Fantz, P . Franzen, B . Heinemann, W. Kraus,Ch. Martens, R. Riedl, E . Speth

1 Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association ,Postfach 1533, D-85740 Garching, German y

Ec)

The development at IPP of a large-area RF source for negative hydrogen ions, an officia l

EFDA task agreement, is aiming at demostrating ITER-relevant source paramenters . This implies a

current density of 20 mAcm2 accelerated D- at a source filling pressure of <0 .3 Pa and an electro n

to ion ratio of <1 from 300 cm 2 extraction area for pulse lengths of up to 1 hour . The principle

suitability concerning current density, pressure and electron content has been demonstrated with th e

test facility BATMAN (Bavarian Test Machine for Negative Ions) but with only small extractio n

area (70 cm 2) and for pulse length <6 s. The further development concentrates now on long pulse

operation at the test stand MANITU (Mulit-Ampre Negative Ion Test Unit), which becam e

operational this spring . For source size extention from 70 cm2 to 1000 cm 2 MANITU and a thir d

test facility, currently under development, called RADI will be use . This paper will report on th e

latest results of the work in progress . A critical issue for ITER is reliable source operation at hig h

current densities . Therefore the procedure used to obtain in a reproducible manner source operatio n

at the ITER target values will be detailed and discussed . The future plans will be given includin g

investigations into RF power efficiency, effect of extraction aperture size, modifications to the filter

magnet field, caesium deposition techniques, etc .

NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN RF-DRIVENMULTICUSP If ION SOURCES

J. Peters

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestral3e 85 ,22607 Hamburg, Germany

RF FF sources are now in permanent use for accelerators like HERA or SNS . Thereliability of these sources becomes very important . Special techniques for RF coupling,ignition, filter field, collar transition for extraction and electron dumping have bee ndeveloped . The physics of the extraction plasma region was the subject of very detaile dinvestigations with special sets of collars, cones and Langmuir probes . Different surface sand alkali elements were used .Recently it was possible to measure the H - distribution in a RF source both with an dwithout extraction voltage .A survey of the development of the RF FF sources from the beginning in 1991 until no wis given .

Topic of presentation :

Requested presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Oral Presentation

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

OptimizingC4+ and C5+ beams of the Kei2 source using CD4 gas,

consistent with well known gas mixing phenomena ?

A . G .Drentje ' , M. Muramatsu2 and A . Kitagawa2

1 K.V.I ., University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, 9747AA Groningen, The Netherland s

2 National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japa n

The ECR ion source for the new Carbon therapy facility, presently being designed at NIRS, wil l

need Carbon ions in charge state 4+ (or higher) . Initial tests with the prototype ECRIS (al l

permanent magnet Kei2 source) have given intensities of 530 eµA for C 4+ and 60 eµA for C 5+ . After

some modifications extensive measurements have been performed that will be presented in thi s

contribution. The goal is twofold: (a) to reach best conditions for the medical application, (b) to

investigate special gas mixing in order to increase the production of C 4+ and c5+ beams .

A well known practice for production of highly charged ions of e .g. argon (the "beam gas") is t o

add a lighter gas like oxygen as a "mixing gas" . It has been shown that an important role of th e

mixing gas is to lower the ion temperature in the ECR ion source plasma. It was demonstrated an d

understood that in this particular example the heavier isotope 1802 gas is performing significantly

better than natural oxygen .

Earlier experience at NIRS has learned that for the production of C4+ ions the best feed gas is CH4

gas; C 3H8 gas is slightly worse, and CO 2 is certainly insufficient . In all cases adding helium as a

lighter mixing gas is not giving good results . Perhaps the following simple model holds : the atomic

components of the feed gas are separated such that carbon acts as the "beam-gas", while hydroge n

or oxygen acts as the "mixing-gas". It will be interesting to answer the question : "Would it be bette r

to use CD 4 (i .e . hydrogen replaced by the heavier isotope 2H)?" All atomic properties except th e

mass are the same, but there may be better cooling in the plasma . The best chance to observe it wil l

be the measurement of the highest ("pure") charge state, i .e . C5+ ions. Experiments reported here

show that CD4 is better indeed!

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

CESIUMIN THE HYDROGEN NEGATIVE ION SOURCES

Yu. BELCHENKO

Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, 639090, RUSSI A

Cesium vapour addition enforces the H- ions sources performance . Experimental data on

dynamics of cesium particles (surface and spatial distribution, blocking by dense plasma, tim e

evolution, consumption) in various ion sources will be presented and discussed. The channels of

surface-plasma ion production in the ion sources developed for high-energy accelerators and fo r

multiampere fusion injectors will be analyzed . The peculiarities of different cesium feed system s

and their performance in the high voltage accelerators will be discussed .

Emittance studies with the SNS H- source

M. P. Stockli l , R. Keller, M. Leitner2, and R. F . Welton '

1) SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA2) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd ., Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

Abstract. The Spallation Neutron Source* H- source on the ion source hot spare stand is being used t ostudy the emittance of the H- ion beam injected into the SNS RFQ . The emittance measurements ar eperformed with the LBNL Allison scanner that underwent several modifications . The slit width wasoptimized to improve the signal to noise ratio . In addition, the electric deflector plates were replace dwith plates featuring a stair-cased surface . This modification has shown to suppress over 99% of ghos tsignals generated by the beam hitting the deflector plates . Theses modifications combined with nois esuppression measures, and self-consistent analysis, yield highly accurate results . Measured emittancesare presented as a function of several ion source parameters, including the ion beam current .

*SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-ACO5-00OR22725 for the U .S . Departmentof Energy .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Plasma Theory and Diagnostic s

ON THE MECHANISMS DETERMINING ELECTRIC FIEL D

VALUES IN THE INTENSE BEAMS OF NEGATIVE IONSIN "GAS" FOCUSING REGIME

I .SOLOSHENKO' , A. ZAVALOV 1 and V. GORETSKY '

1 Institute of Physics of NAS Ukraine, prosp .Nauki 46, 03650 Kiev, Ukrain e

In the seventies one of the authors of the report has accomplished a series of works dealing with

factors determining transport of both positive and negative ion beams in rarefied gases . Particularly ,

in those works it was shown that in absence of oscillations of ion-beam plasma the value of stati c

electric field in positive ion beam at any gas pressure, and as well in negative ion beam at hig h

pressures (in "gas" focusing regime) is determined by coulomb collisions of the beam ions wit h

plasma electrons. In spite of relatively low concentrations of ion beams used in various experiments

(10' — 109 cm-) and consequently low values of frequency of mentioned coulomb collisions, th e

plasma electrons in the beams have time to be warmed up to average energy of ,,, 10 eV due to thei r

long enough lifetime, which does cause occurrence of static fields in the beam of — 10 V/c m

generally playing determinative role at transport of the ion beams for long distances . Estimated on a

basis of this model electric fields in both positive ion beams in the whole pressure range, and i n

negative ion beams at high pressures were in agreement with experimental data . In spite of that, in

subsequent a couple of works of other authors appeared which revised mentioned concepts . In those

works, due to errors in writing the equations of energy balance for electrons, wrong results wer e

obtained, which unfortunately came into modern monographs on the physics of ion beams and ion

sources. In the present work mentioned task was solved by means of modern numerical techniques .

The calculations were performed using "particle-in-cell" method for negative ion beams at hig h

pressures . Obtained data on stationary field values are in a good agreement with the experiment, a s

well as with qualitative estimations presented in earlier works of one of the authors .

Thus, the validity of concepts on the mechanisms of decompensation of the ion beams takin g

into consideration coulomb collisions of the beam ions with plasma electrons is confirmed, an d

approximate expressions for static electric fields in negative ion beams transported at high ga s

pressures are obtained .

LASER ION SOURCE DEVELOPMENT FOR ITEP-TWA CPROJECT

A. BALABAEV, S.KONDRASHEV , B. SHARKOV and A. VASILIEV

Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russi a

Laser Ion Source (LIS) is the only type of the source capable of providing generation of 1 0

30 mA/5 = 10 µs beams of highly charged ions of different elements for ITEP/TWA C

accelerator/accumulator facility [1] .

The assembling stage of the new LIS based on 100 J/1 Hz Master Oscillator – Power

Amplifier CO2-laser system [2] is in progress at ITEP now . In the first phase the ion bea m

parameters (charge state distribution, current, pulse length and emittance) will be specified fo r

different elements and target irradiation conditions . The up-grade of laser system will be done to

improve its reliability .

According to the planning the new LIS and new high current injector [3] will be used to

deliver the beams of Al = Fe ions for ITEP/TWAC accelerator/accumulator facility .

References[1] B . Yu. Sharkov et al . Nucl. Instr . & Methods in Phys . Res. A 415, 1998, pp . 20 _ 26 .[2] A. Balabaev et al . Rev. Sci. Instr ., v . 75, # 5, 2004, pp . 1572 - 1574 .[3] D. Kashinsky et al . Proceedings of The Heavy Ion Fusion Conference (HIF2002), Moscow ,2002.

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Oral PresentationLaser Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

DOPPLER SHIFT SPECTRA OF Ha LINES FROMNEGATIVE ION BASED NEUTRAL BEAMS FOR LHD-NBI

Y.OKA ' , L. GRISHAM2 , N. UMEDA3 , K. IKEDA' , Y. TAKEIRI ' , K.TSUMORI ' ,A. HONDA3 , Y. IKEDA3 , O . KANEKO ' , K. NAGAOKA' , M. OSAKABE ' ,T. YAMAMOTO 3 , E . ASANO', T. KONDO' , M. SATO' and M. SHIBUYA '

1 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, 509-5292, Japan2 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543

3 Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan

High performance negative ion source for negative ion-based neutral beam injector still continues t o

require constant improving in the fusion device like Large Helical Device, JAERI Tokamak-60U, a s

well as future device of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. We have collaborate d

and studied the velocity spectra of the negative ion based neutral beams with doppler-shifted H a

spectroscopy, as well as the effctiveness of the spectroscopy [1] . In standard LHD-NBI injection ,

we are demonstrating the systematic observations of the velocity distribution profiles for three bea m

lines, the spectra at 10 second intervals over the course of 70 – 128s long-pulsed beams wit h

reduced power, and the behaviour of negative ion beam stripping in the accelerator . Almost all of

the transmitted beams were found to be at approximately the full acceleration energy (a t

90–180keV) . A very low energy peak due to beam particles stripped at 6–10keV in the extracto r

gap was observed . When the operating condition for the neutral beam was kept constant, it was

observed that the similar spectrum profiles were repeatedly reproduced throughout the day (–12 0

shots) . For long pulse beam, the velocity distribution profile with the full energy had its pea k

intensity reduced gradually along with beam pulse duration . When a plasma grid conductively

cooled was applied, the spectra did not change for a longer time compared to those with a standar d

(i .e ., a thermally isolated-) plasma grid . This improvement corresponds to keeping a good C s

coverage on the PG. It was observed that the stripping peak changed slightly with beam duration .

Reference[1] Y. Oka et al ., Rev . Sci. Instrum. 75, 1803(2004) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Modified Multipole Structure in the JYFL 6 .4 GHz MMPS-ECRIS

P.SUOMINEN , O. TARVAINEN and H . KOIVISTO

Department of Physics, P .O. Box 35, FIN-40014 University of Jyvasky1d, Finlan d

The radial magnetic field strength is a critical parameter affecting the performances of Electron

Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) . A new method, known as the Modified Multipol e

Structure (MMPS) [1 and 2], to increase the radial magnetic field has been developed at th e

University of Jyvaskyl . This structure is unique because the magnetic field can be changed only a t

the locations where the plasma flux hits the plasma chamber wall . A new MMPS plasma chamber

has been designed [3], constructed and installed into the JYFL 6 .4 GHz ECRIS .

The azimuthal magnetic field strength of the new MMPS plasma chamber is 0 .55 T while the radial

magnetic field can be adjusted between values 0 .45 T and 0.85 T. When the radial and the

azimuthal magnetic field strengths are equal, the magnetic field inside the plasma chamber i s

similar to the conventional hexapole . In this case the multipolar magnetic field is very homogenou s

at the plasma chamber wall . The effect of boosted radial magnetic field on the Oxygen, Argon an d

Krypton ion beams will be shown in the article . Especially the effects on charge state distribution

have been studied .

Reference s[1] H. Koivisto, P. Suominen, O. Tarvainen, D. Hitz, Rev . Sci. Instr . 75 (2004) 1479.[2] P. Suominen, O. Tarvainen, H . Koivisto, Nucl . Instrum. Methods Phys . Res. B 225/4 (2004 )

572 .[3] P. Suominen, O. Tarvainen, P . Frondelius, V. Nieminen and H . Koivisto, Proc. of the 16th Int .

Workshop on ECR ion sources, Berkeley, California, 26-30 September, (2004), p . 17 1

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

PROGRESS WITH ECR DRIVEN MULTICUSP IONSOURCE AT ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE

P.SVARNAS I , M . BACAL 1 , P . AUVRAY 1 , S. BÉCHU2 and J. PELLETIER2

1 École Polytechnique, LPTP, UMR 7648 du CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France2 Centre de Recherche Plasmas - Matériaux - Nanostructures, LPSC, 53 rue de s

Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France

Recent experimental results obtained from the ECR driven multicusp H ion source at École

Polytechnique [1, 2] are presented. The source operates in continuous or pulsed microwave (2 .45

GHz) mode of variable power up to 6 kW. The hydrogen plasma is created at 1 to 4 mTorr by seve n

elementary ECR sources placed in the magnetic multipole chamber "Camembert IIP" [3] . This type

of ECR configuration can be applied both to accelerator and fusion ion sources .

The negative ion and electron extracted currents and the plasma characteristics are studied i n

both modes, under various experimental conditions . Electrostatic probe and photodetachmen t

techniques are used .

The role of the plasma electrode bias voltage in the values of the extracted currents i s

emphasized. The latter remain practically unaffected by the negative plasma electrode (PE) bias

variation in a wide voltage range, while an optimum positive bias exists .

Finally, the post-discharge formation of negative ions (after-glow peak), in the pulsed mode ,

is demonstrated and discussed .

AcknowledgementsThe support of European Community (Contract No. HPRI-CT-2001-50021) is gratefullyacknowledged .

References[1] A.A. Ivanov Jr ., C. Rouillé, M. Bacal, Y. Arnal, S . Béchu, J . Pelletier, Rev . Sci. Instrum. 75(5) ,

1750 (2004 )[2] M. Bacal, A.A. Ivanov Jr ., C . Rouillé, P . Svarnas, S . Béchu, J . Pelletier, AIP Conf. Proc. No 763

(Kiev, Ukraine) (2004 )[3] C. Courteille, A .M. Bruneteau, M. Bacal, Rev. Sci. Instrum . 66(3), 2533 (1995)

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Source s

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIALNON-UNIFORMITY IN THE CS SEEDED H ION SOURCE

N.TAKADO ' , J . HANATANI ' , T. MIZUNO' , K. KATOH ' , A. HATAYAMA' ,M. HANADA2 , T . SEKI2 AND T. INOUE 2

1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi,Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japa n

2 Plasma Heating Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 801-1 ,Mukoyama, Naka, 311-0193, Japan

To improve the beam uniformity of present and future large negative ion beams, it is essential to

understand the if production and their transport processes in the ion source plasma . In this study ,

these processes are numerically simulated for the large "JAERI 10 A H ion source" [1] under th e

Cs seeded condition, in which negative ions are dominantly produced by the surface productio n

process .

In the simulation, spatial non-uniformity of electron temperature Te observed in the experiments

has been taken into account . The spatial profile of H-atom flux onto the Plasma Grid (PG) has bee n

calculated by the three-dimensional Monte Carlo (3D-MC) transport code for neutrals [2] . The

resultant profile of if surface-production has been also calculated on the PG . In addition, each

trajectory of surface-produced if ions from their birth points on the PG to an extraction hole i s

followed by using the 3D-MC H- transport code to evaluate the spatial uniformity of if extraction .

The results show that a large number of hydrogen atoms are produced in the high Te region and

this leads to the spatial non-uniformity of H-atom flux to the PG and of the resultant if surfac e

production . In addition, most surface-produced H- ions are extracted even through the high Te region

without destruction . These processes possibly explain the spatial non-uniformity of if extraction

observed in the experiments .

References[1] M. Hanada, et al ., Fusion Eng. Des., to be published .[2] N. Takado, et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum . 75, 1777 (2004) .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Characteristics of long pulse negative ion source in neutra lbeam injector of Large Helical Device

Y. Takeiri, K. Ikeda, Y. Oka, K. Tsumori, M. Osakabe, K. Nagaoka, O. Kaneko ,E . Asano, T. Kondo, M . Sato, M . Shibuya

National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japa n

High-power hydrogen negative ion sources are operated routinely in negative-ion-based neutra l

beam injectors (NBI) of the Large Helical Device (LHD), which is the world's larges t

superconducting fusion machine. The ion source is a cesium-seeded volume production source, an d

the energy and current of the produced negative ion beam reach to the design values of 180 keV an d

30 A, respectively, in a short-pulse operation for 2-3 sec . However, the extension of pulse duration

has been limited to several tens of seconds, because the temperature of plasma grid (PG) rise s

beyond the appropriate temperature of 200-300 °C, at which the optimum cesium coverage i s

formed on the PG surface for the efficient negative ion production . In order to suppress the P G

temperature rise in the long-pulse operation, stainless-steel cooling tubes have been mechanicall y

attached on the PG instead of the structure of thermally insulated molybdenum PG, where th e

appropriate PG temperature is maintained for usual short pulse shots for 2-3 sec in every 3 min . The

thickness of the stainless-steel tube is determined so that the heat diffusivity to the PG is lower tha n

that of the molybdenum PG itself and that the short-pulse operation is also possible by extendin g

the pri-arc discharge duration before the beam extraction to around 15 sec . With the cooled PG, the

PG temperature is increased more slowly during the negative ion beam production, and the injectio n

duration was extended to 120 sec with a reduced beam power of 0 .6–0.9 MW. In this case the beam

production was manually stopped at the termination of the injected target plasma in LHD . However,

the PG temperature rise was not saturated, and the beam duration could be limited to around 3 min .

On the other hand, the longitudinal beam distribution in a grid area of 25cm x 125cm segmented

into five parts is observed to be more uniform than that with the previous thermally-insulated PG .

The temperature of the individual grid parts becomes more uniform with the cooled PG, which

should contribute to the improvement of the beam uniformity . Operational characteristics of the

long-pulse negative ion source used in the LHD negative-NBI are presented in detail .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Spectral Diagnosis of Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrie rDischarge and its Application to Materials Processing

X. L. Tang' , G. Qiu l and X . P. Feng2

1 Plasma and Surface Research Center, College of Science, Donghu aUniversity, 1882 West Yan-an Road, Shanghai 200051, Chin a

2 College of Natural Science, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, P . R.00931-3343, U .S .A.

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is characterized by the presence of at least one insulating laye r

in contact with the discharge between two planar or cylindrical electrodes connected to an ac power

supply. The main advantage of this type of electrical discharge is that nonequilibrium plasm a

conditions in atmospheric-pressure gases can be maintained in an economic and reliable way . This

has led to a number of important applications including industrial ozone generation, plasma-

chemical vapor deposition, pollution control, excitation of CO 2 lasers, excimer lamps, and mos t

recently, large-area flat plasma-display panels [11 , in which extensive work in material processin g

has been done successfully [2,31 . In this paper, the spectral lines of plasma emission at atmospheri c

pressure were recorded by using a grating spectrograph, and all signals will be directly and

immediately sent to the computer for data processing and analysis during the experiments . The

spectrum lines of nitrogen, helium and argon plasma emission at atmospheric pressure wer e

separately recorded and qualitatively analyzed using spectral diagnosis equipment of atmospheri c

pressure DBD plasma. The spectrum lines of the second positive system of nitrogen (c37n _ B'7t R )

two characteristic spectrum lines of helium (3' Pi 2'so , 33 D _ 33 P ), and all of neutral argon ato m

spectrum lines in the range 680 to 780nm are recognized. For controlling the process of material

surface modification promptly, the electron temperature of DBD plasma is quantitatively analyze d

using relative intensity of argon spectrum lines . The experimental results indicate that spectral

diagnosis has been proved to be a workable method to improve the quality of materials processing .

The result is of great importance to atmospheric DBD and its application to materials processing .

Reference s[1] U. Kogelschatz . IEEE Trans . Plasma Sci ., 30(2002), 140 0[2] C . Yang, G. Qiu. Journal of Donghua University, 27(2001), 9 1[3] X. L. Tang et al . Plasma Science & Technology, 6 (2004), 2463

Topic of your presentation :Plasma Theory and Diagnostics

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Acceleration ofMeV class, high current density If for ITER NB

M.TANIGUCHI, T. INOUE, M.KASHIWAGI, K.WATANABE, M .HANADA,

K.SEKI, M.DAIRAKU and K. SAKAMOTO

1 Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Researc hInstitute, Mukoyama 801-1, Naka-shi, Ibaraki, 311-0193, Japan

In the ITER NB systems, conventional gas insulation technology cannot be utilized because of th e

conductivity of the insulation gas caused by the radiation from the tokamak plasma . To overcome

this problem, a vacuum insulated beam source (VIBS), where the whole beam source is immerse d

in vacuum, has been developed in JAERI . Recently, voltage holding capability of the VIBS was

drastically improved by installing the large stress ring and these progress enables us to perform th e

high power operation of the VIBS accelerator[1] . For high current density H - beam acceleration ,

modifications were made on KAMABOKO source. A filter magnet was strengthened from 460 to

745 Gcm to produce high density H - under the low H2 pressure comparable to ITER NB operation

(< 0.3 Pa) . The number of filaments was increased from 5 to 7 for high power operation at 40 kW .

By these modifications, H- beam current density at present was increased to be 80 A/m2 at 900 keV

and 100 A/m 2 at 800keV (input arc power; 40 kW, operation pressure ; 0.2 Pa) .

The acceleration of 900 keV, 0 .1 - 0 .2 A level beam (pulse length 0 .5s at the interval of 60 s) wa s

accomplished for 175 shots during the test campaign . The beam acceleration was quite stable and

the degradation of the voltage holding due to the beam acceleration and/or Cs seeding was no t

observed.

References[1] T. Inoue, M.Taniguchi et al, Fusion Eng . and Des., 66-68, pp .597-602(2003

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Model of beamlet divergence using Design of Experimentsmethods

M. Tartz , J. H. Peters and H . Neumann

Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstr . 15 ,D-04318 Leipzig, German y

Broad-beam ion sources have found widespread use in many technological application s

permanently increasing the requirements on the ion beam . The optimisation of ion extractio n

systems (e .g. on low beam divergence) is complicated by the large number of parameters (gri d

geometry, voltages, plasma) which influence the ion extraction and beam properties . Simulations of

the ion extraction and beam formation have been developed which open a convenient way to stud y

grid system properties, however, the simulations usually yield the beamlet properties for a given

parameter set only . In order to come to a more general grid design approach, a very large number o f

simulations have to be performed varying all of the relevant parameters .

In this paper we describe an approach to a general model of the beamlet divergence in dependenc e

on the geometrical grid and plasma parameters and voltages using the Design of Experiments (DoE )

method. DoE is a systematic approach to investigate the relationship between input parameters (a s

listed above) affecting a process and the output of that process (e .g . beamlet current or divergence )

by designing a series of structured experiments (which means one simulation run here) . With DoE a

maximum information about the process can be obtained while minimising the resources required .

A software has been developed which allows to take as many parameters into consideration a s

required. For each parameter the level can be defined separately . The software creates th e

experimental plan automatically, calls the beamlet simulations and builds up the model . The

precision can be checked by additional experiments and can be improved by including mor e

experimental values. The outcome is a model which describes the interrelation between the beamlet

divergence and all relevant input parameters .

Beam Extraction

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Ion Current density profile control of a scalable linear io nsource and its applicatio n

H. Neumann' , F . Scholze l , M. Tartz ' , H. Schlemm 2

' Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification, Permoserstr . 15 ,D-04318 Leipzig, Germany

2 JENION, Saalbahnhofstral3e 6, D-07743 Jena, German y

Customizing ion source beam properties (i .e . the ion current density profile) on the specific

demands of applications is a continuous challenge in improvement of ion beam technologies . The

development of ion sources with controllable ion beam profiles up to several meters in order t o

process large scale products is a major concern for industrial applications . Our modular concept o f

such ion beam sources consists of plasma chamber modules and segmented extraction grid systems .

Each of the modules and segments can be adjusted and controlled independently . Therefore, io n

source profiles of different shapes can be generated .

A linear broad-beam ion source has been developed whose modular design allows nearly any bea m

dimension . The ECR plasma is generated in each module by its own 214 antenna for 2 .54 GHz

microwave . The grid system is a three-grid system with an segmented accelerator grid . By applying

the appropriate voltages to each segment the beamlets originating from this segment can b e

extracted or inhibited . A switched power supply of the grid segment allows the control of th e

current density of the segment by adapting the pulse-length of the applied voltage . Thus, the broad -beam profile can controlled . As example, the inhomogeneity of the plasma profile caused by th e

spatial inhomogeneous plasma generation can be compensated so that a 1D-homogeneous bea mcurrent density is reached. Furthermore, time-varying user-defined beam profiles can be created i n

response to application requirements .

The ion beam profile measurements and the characterization of ion source plasma properties ar eshown. The in situ electrical beam profile control of segmented extraction grids is demonstrated .

First results from applications of the new ion source concepts in surface cleaning, modification o f

metals, photo voltaic processes and deposition of EUV multilayer stacks are presented . Benefits ofthis technique are discussed .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

EMITTANCE AND PLASMA POTENTIALMEASUREMENTS IN DOUBLE FREQUENCY HEATING

MODE WITH THE JYFL 14 GHZ ECRIS

0.TARVAINEN, P. SUOMINEN, T . ROPPONEN and H . KOIVISTO

Department of Physics, P.O.Box 35, FIN-40014, University of Jyv .skyla, Finland

It has been demonstrated that the production of highly charged ion beams with ECR ion sources can

be enhanced through the use of two frequency heating [1] . At Argonne National Laboratory it has

been found with a traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) that the performance of the ion source ca n

be improved by tuning the secondary frequency [2] . Those results encouraged us to purchase a

TWTA with a frequency range of 10 .75-12 .75 GHz in order to improve the performance of the

JYFL 14 GHz ECRIS and to study the physical processes leading into enhanced production o f

highly charge ions . A set of emittance and plasma potential measurements has been carried out i n

both single and double frequency heating modes . The plasma potential and the emittance have bee n

measured as a function of the microwave frequency and with different combinations of primary an d

secondary powers . The emittance of ion beams was found to be dependent on the microwav e

frequency. The effect of the ion beam's momentum spread on the effective emittance has bee n

studied with simulations .

References[1] Z.Q . Xie and C.M. Lyneis, Proceedings of the 12 th International Workshop on ECR Ion

Sources, Riken, (1995), p . 24 .[2] R.C. Vondrasek, R .H. Scott and R .C. Pardo, Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop

on ECR Ion Sources, Jyvdskyl, (2002), p . 63 .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

WHY It

R.BECKER 1 and W.B .HERRMANNSFELDT2

1 IAP, Universitat Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-StraBe 1 ,D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

2 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

Today it is generally accepted in the ion source and accelerator communities to communicat e

emittance data with units of rc*mm*mrad, or rL*cm*mrad . The emittance of a beam with 4 c m

diameter or width and an opening angle of 20 mrad then is written as E = 20 Tr* cm*mrad . We wil l

explain that this convention is not at all a logical one and is confusing to all those who are enterin g

the field as freshmen or just don't want to become experts by adjusting to strange rules . We

therefore propose to skip the "7t" in the dimension and to add characters as sub- or superscripts to

the variable E, which describe the specific kind of emittance formulation used, e .g . : EY,Y', EX.x> EY„2S,

E

Enorm, Earea , and Eellipse In a real case such an emittance naming could appear as Ex" °'7'4~rms,

,z4*rms

Additionally - to be consistent with cleaning up - the dimension of emittances should be given i n

cm or m, because radians are ratios and free of dimension . Therefore, instead of using cm*mrad it i s

much more logical to communicate emittance data by writing 10 -3 cm or 10 -5 m.

Requested presentation :click here and selec t

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Integration of Beam Transport Simulations and Experiments fo rthe Superconducting ECR Ion Source VENUS

D.TODD % , D . LEITNER' , D. GROTE2 , M . LEITNERI , C. LYNEIS ' and J . QIANG'

1 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 9472 02 Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, 700 East Ave, Livermore, CA 9455 0

Ion beam formation in an ECR ion source occurs in a region of strong axial magnetic field . For a

next-generation superconducting source such as VENUS these extraction fields can be as large as 4

Tesla and fall to zero over distances in the tens of centimeters . As the extracted beam is accelerated

through this decreasing magnetic field, axial rotation is introduced due to canonical angular

momentum conservation resulting in transverse emittance growth. The amount of induced rotation

and the subsequent dynamical behavior of the ion beam depend upon the magnetic rigidity of th e

constituent ions . For typical beams extracted from VENUS, thirty or more different ion specie s

have to be considered . In order to gain a better understanding of the complexities involved with

high magnetic field extraction and the subsequent transport of multiple species ion beams, macro -

particle simulations have been employed .

The three-dimensional, particle-in-cell codes IMPACT ' and WARP 2 have been enhanced to allo w

end-to-end beam dynamics simulations starting from the source extraction through a mass -

analyzing magnet up to a two-axis emittance scanner . This paper presents first results of

comparisons between these simulations and experimental data . A helium beam (He+, Het+) was

chosen as an initial comparison beam due to its simple mass spectrum . The influence of the

extraction magnetic field on beam formation and transport is investigated . In addition, th e

influence of space charge neutralization is discussed. Finally, the simulation of more complex ion

beams is introduced briefly .

Reference s[1] J.Qiang, et . al . Jour. Comp. Phys. 163, 434-451 (2000) .[2] D.P .Grote, et . al . Nuc. Instrum. Meth. Phys .Rev. A, 464, 563 (2001) .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extractio n

LOW-ENERGYIONDECELERATOR FOR AXIAL-INJECTION SYSTEMAT NIRS-CYCL OTR ON

T.HONMA , Y. SAKAMOTO, M . MURAMATSU, S . HOJO ,N. MIYAHARA and S . YAMADA

Institute of Radiological Science, Chiba 263-8555, JAPAN

Abstract

A simple method of an ion deceleration system has been designed and installed in an axial-injectio n

beam line at NIRS-930 cyclotron. The advantage of the method utilizing the decelerator is to allo w

a high-current ion beam extraction from an ECR-ion source, because it can be operated with a hig h

potential difference between the source and the extractor . The system is operated by DC-voltage

about -10 kV applying to the extractor and reduced to the ground-potential with appropriat e

electrodes . An electric field in the system is carefully designed by using a 3-dimensional field

simulator . More than five-times current increase has been obtained for 12 C4+-beam at the cyclotro n

exit . The design study of the decelerator as well as the result of the beam test is presented .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

NEGATIVE-ION IMPLANTATION INTO THIN SIO2 LAYER

FOR DEFINED NANOPARTICLE FORMATION

H . TSUJI 1 , N. ARAI1 ° 2 , N. GOTOH' , T. MINOTANI ' , T. ISHIBASHI ' ,T . OKUMINE2, K . ADACHI 2 , H. KOTAKI2 , Y. GOTOH' , J . ISHIKAWA ' .

1 Dept. Electronic Science and Eng ., Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan2 Advanced Research Laboratory, SI-TARP Corporation, Tenri, Japan

Nanoparticle composite materilas have much interesting features in optical and electrical properties .

In development of single electron devices with nanoparticles embedded in a thin oxide such as gat e

oxide layer of MOSFET, nanoparticles with well defined size and depth are required to form .

Negative-ion implantation has an advantage of almost "charge-up free" feature in insulatin g

materials [1] and is suitable for nanoparticle formation in such thin oxide layer with precise control s

of energy and dose amount . In this paper, we describe negative-ion beam extraction properties fro m

an RF-plasma sputter-type negative ion source [2] for noble metals and Ge, and its application fo r

nanoparticle formation in a thin oxide layer on Si substrate . The source has an RF coil, a sputtering

target of pure metal disc with 33 mm in diameter and an exiting hole of negative ions . At first, an

RF discharge plasma of xenon gas was generated by feeding 13 .56MHz power of 100 W to the RF

coil. Then, cesium vapor was delivered to the plasma. The target was biased at 200 V negative .

Plasma ions of Xe and Cs sputtered the target. Produced negative ions of target material wer e

passed through the plasma at energy by the sputtering voltage and extracted from the hole by

extraction electrode at 10 — 30 keV . Extracted negative ions were implanted into very thin Si O2 on

Si substrate for nanoparticle formation . For Au imlantation at 1 keV, almost all of the A u

nanoparticles with 7 nm in diam ., were formed at a shallow depth of 5 nm from the surface . In Ag

implantation at 10 keV and annealing at 700°C, all of the Ag nanoparticles were formed at th e

samse depth near the interface of SiO2/Si . Ge nanoparticles were formed at near 12 nm in depth i n

the oxide layer . These results were confirmed by cross-sectional TEM observation . Thus, w e

showed the superior feature of negative ions in defined nanoparticle formation .

References[1] H. Tsuji, J . Ishikawa, S . Ikeda, Y. Gotoh, Nucl . Instrum. Methods, B127/128(1997)278[2] H. Tsuji and J . Ishikawa, Rev . Sci. Instrum., 63(1992)2488.

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

New results of the CEA/Saclay H- ECR Ion Source, ECRIN

O.Tuske ' , O. Delferrière ' , R. Gobin ' , F . Harrault '

1 CEA/Saclay, DSM/DAPNIA, 91191 Gif/Yvette, Franc e

2 Institute Name, Addres s

During the past several years different types of ECR ion sources were developed for production o f

light positive ions like protons or deuterons, and for heavy multi-charged ions . HF frequency,

magnetic confinement and extraction bias can be very different but most of them generally work i n

CW or afterglow mode .

A new 2,45 GHz ECR test stand based on a pure volume H- ion production is actually unde r

development at CEA Saclay . The negative ion source is working in pulsed mode, 2ms at 5- 10 Hz .

The first H- ions have been observed at the beginning of 2002 with a poor efficiency : only a few µ A

were produced . Several changes inside the plasma chamber have increased the production rate o f

negative ions up to several mA . A biased grid separates the plasma chamber into two regions . In the

first part, we produce excited H2 molecules that are necessary for producing in the second zone H -

ions by dissociative attachment process located near the extraction zone . Qualitative and

quantitative beam diagnostics allow measuring several beam parameters and analyzing the effect o f

gas mixing or materials on the H- production rate .

This work is supported by the European Commission under contract n° : HPRI-CT-2001-50021 .

Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :

Negative Ion Sources

H- Ion Production with 2.45 GHz Ion Sources in Europe.

R.Gobin ' , M. Bacal2 , O. Delferrière ' , F . Harrault l , A. Ivanov 2 , D. Kuchler3 ,T. Steiner3, P. Svarnas2 , O. Tuske ' ,

1 DSM/DAPNIA/SACM, CEA/Saclay, 91 191 Gif sur Yvette, France .2 LPTP, Ecole Polytechnique, 91 128 Palaiseau, France .3 CERN, PS Division, CH 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland .

The accelerator community encourages the development of improved negative hydrogen io n

sources . Spallation sources like SNS or ESS require pulsed high intensity H- beams ranging fe w

tens of milliamperes with high duty cycle . New facilities like SPL at CERN also ask hig h

performance negative ion beams . The HP-NIS European network has been initiated to facilitate the

development of high performance negative ion sources . Among the 8 involved participants, several

laboratories develop 2 .45 GHz ECR sources following different approaches to produce the negativ e

ions and to increase the extracted current . At Saclay, the plasma chamber is divided in 2 parts with a

long lifetime grid and the axial magnetic configuration is provided by 2 coils . At CERN, the RF

power is fed to the plasma chamber via an antenna and a multipolar magnetic configuration allow s

the plasma confinement. And finally, at Ecole Polytechnique, on the source Camembert III ,

photodetatchment measurements showed comparable H- ion creation when the primary electron s

are provided by filaments or small ECR modules inserted in the plasma chamber . In each program ,

the extracted negative ion current ranges from few hundred micro amps to few milliamps . The

experimental results as well as future plans will be reported . The authors would like to greatl y

acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission .

This work is supported by the European Commission under contract n° : HPRI-CT-2001-50021 .

References

[1] This is a reference .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

Relationship of performance and RF modes in ECR ion sourc e

T. Hattori ' ,N. Hayashizaki ' , A. Takano ' , S . Ueda ' , T . Itou' , T . Hata ' ,M. Muramatsu2 and S . Houjyou2

1 Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technolog y2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550 Japan

2 National Institute of Radiological Scienc e4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, 263-8555 Japan

The performance of Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source depends on the operatio n

frequency, the magnetic mirror field, the maltipole field, the mirror ratio, the ECR zone and others .

We studied the relationship of performance and operation frequency in ECR ion source (HiECR -

3)01-31 . The performance (beam intensity of Arg+ ion) was measured according to change of

frequency from 9 .7 to 11 .7 GHz in fixed magnetic field of HiECR ion source . We measured

resonant frequencies of plasma chamber of HiECR ion source in condition of no plasma (current o f

mirror coils is zero) . The data of intensity of Arg+ related to measured resonant frequencies . Their

resonant modes were checked with a 3D electromagnetic simulator (High Frequency Structur e

Simulator) . As a result, it became clear that the performance of the ion source depends on electric -

field distribution of the RF resonant mode .

References[1] T. Hattori, T. Katayose et al ., Characteristic of 18 GHz ECR ion source by plasma volume an d

chamber size, Proc . of the 12th International Workshop on ECR Ion Source, INS-J-182 (1995 )277-280 .

[2] T. Katayose, T . Hattori, S. Yamada, K. Kitagawa and M .Sekiguchi,Design of the HiECR(MK-3) ion source, Proc . of the 12th International Workshop on ECR Ion Source, INS-J-182 (1995)281-283 .

[3] T. Hattori, T. Katayose et al ., First operation of HiECR-3 ion source for 14-18 GHz, Rev. Sci .Instrum., 67 (1996) 1186-1188 .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Beam deflection by PG filter in the negative ion source for JT -60 U NBI system

N.Umeda, Y .Ikeda, M.Hanada, T .Inoue, M.Kawai, M.Kazawa, M.Komata, T .Ohga,K.Mogaki ,

Naka Fusion Energy Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute ,801-1 Mukouyama, Naka-shi, Ibaraki-ken 311-0193, Japan

In 2004, the pulse duration of the JT-60U N-NBI system was extended up to 25 s to study quasi -

steady tokamak plasmas . Most of the key components of the N-NBI system were proved thei r

avbailabilities at the power level of -2MW, however, we found the local overheat on the beamlin e

component --lm apart from the ion source . The negative ion source for JT-60U N-NBI system

employs the special magnetic filter, so called PG filter, to induce a uniform transverse magneti c

field that is required to enhance the negative ion yield[l] . While this magnetic field may deflect the

beam trajectory in the accelator and downstream from the ion source, especially on electron due t o

its small larmor radius . Indeed, the infrared camera measurement showed that the deflection of th e

negative ion beam was within 10 mm at the target plate set 3 .5 m away from the ion source . The

primary anaysis of the electron beam trajectory with the PG filter indicates that the overheat i s

caused by the electron drift whose energy is more than 100 keV . The power fraction of the electron

is roughly estimated at –a few % of the negative ion beam power. Detail analysis and the behavio r

of electron beam in the source are presented .

References

[1] Okumura.Y et al ., Prc . IEEE 14 `h Symp. Fusion Engineering, Hyannis, Massachusetts, P .466(1993)

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

STATUS REPORT ON THE DESIGN ANDCONSTRUCTION OF SUSI - SUPERCONDUCTIN G

SOURCE FOR IONS AT NSCL/MSU

P. A. Zavodszky' , B . Arend ' , D . Cole ' , J . DeKamp l , G . Machicoane l , F . Marti ' ,P . Miller ' , J. Moskalik ' , J. Ottarson ' , J. Vincent ' , A. Zeller ' and N. Yu . Kazarinov2

' NSCL/MSU, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russia

An ECRIS is being constructed at the NSCL/MSU to replace the existing SC-ECRIS . This ECRI S

will operate at 18+14 .5 GHz microwave frequencies . The radial magnetic field will be produced b y

a superconducting hexapole coil, the axial trapping will be produced with six superconductin g

solenoids enclosed in an iron yoke to implement the Flexible Axial Magnetic Field Concept [1] ,

that allow tuning the distance between the plasma electrode and resonant zone in the plasma as wel l

as the plasma chamber length and the bias disc position . We report the status of the superconductin g

coil winding, cryostat design and fabrication, as well as the design and fabrication of the injectio n

and extraction hardware of this ECRIS . The plasma chamber of the ion source will be biased at +3 0

kV, the third electrode of the accel-decel extraction system and the beam line at -30 kV . In this way

the kinetic energy of the beam will be increased to 60 kV per unit charge, reducing the influence o f

the space charge on the ion beam . This will allow us to remove the focusing elements between th e

ECRIS and the analyzing magnet . The voltage of the beam line vacuum pipe must be kept constan t

from the ECRIS to the point of full separation of the beam charge states near the image plane of th e

analyzing magnet . At this point, an insulator will be used to increase the voltage up to zero value .

The kinetic energy of the beam will decrease to 30 kV per unit charge after this point, as require d

for the injection in the Coupled Cyclotron Facility . To decrease the beam divergence, a focusing

solenoid will be installed after the vacuum pipe break . Simulations of an intense Argon beam

transport through this beam line will be presented .

References[1] P.A. Zavodszky et al ., Proc. of the 16th International Workshop on ECR Ion Sources ,

September 26-30, 2004, Berkeley, CA, USA, AIP Conf. Proc. Vol . 749, 2005, ed. M. Leitner, p 131 .

Topic of your presentation :Mass Spectroscopy

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

A 2.45 GHZ MICROWAVE ION SOURCE FOR USE INACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETR Y

K . VON REDEN 1 , R. SCHNEIDER ' , M. ROBERTS ' , B . HAN ' , and JOHN WILLS 2

1 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA2 AECL Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON KOJ 1JO, Canad a

An AECL Chalk River microwave ion source design [1] has been adapted [2,3] for use in the direc t

analysis of gaseous samples by radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) . This is a novel

approach to AMS, which has traditionally relied on sputter ion sources for the generation o f

negative ions . Gas-fed "hybrid" sputter sources have been in use for a while [3], but sample-to-

sample memory effects prevent these from application in the analysis of continuous (multi-sample )

streams of gas, e .g . the effluent of a chromatograph . A major effort in this development has gon e

into optimizing the configuration of the ion source and a magnesium charge exchange canal an d

modelling the negative ion injector to match the acceptance of a newly developed accelerator mas s

spectrometer [4] . Results of tests with a prototype injector will be presented as well as modellin g

calculations for various sections of the new system . Based on the tests and calculations, a new io n

source was designed with the goal to more compactly integrate the charge exchange canal into th e

extraction section of the source for improved ion beam optics and efficiency .

References[1] J. Wills, R . Lewis, J . Diserens, H . Schmeing, T. Taylor, Rev . Sci. Instr . 69 (1) (1998) 65 .[2] S.-W. Kim, R. Schneider, K . von Reden , J . Hayes, J . Wills, Rev . Sci. Instr . 73 (2) (2202) 846 .[3] R. Schneider, S .-W. Kim, K. von Reden et al ., Nucl . Instr . & Meth . B223-224 (2004) 149 .[3] C . Bronk Ramsey, M. Humm, Nucl . Instr . & Meth . B172 (2000) 242 .[4] M. Roberts, K. von Reden, B . Han, R. Schneider, A . Benthien, J . Hayes, IAEA Intl . Symp. on

Utilisation of Accelerators, Dubrovnik, Croatia (6/2005), submitted .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

DIFFERENTIAL TURBULENT HEATING OF IONS IN AGAS MIXTURE ECRIS

L. I . ELIZAROV ' , A. A. IVANOV ' , K.S . SEREBRENNIKOV ' ,E. A.VOSTRIKOVA 1 ' 2

1 RRC "Kuchatov Institute", 123182, Moscow, Russi a2 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198, Moscow, Russia

The study of various methods improving electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs )

efficiency such as a gas mixing and isotopes anomaly effects paid attention to the behavior of lo w

frequency noises, corresponding to the well known ion sound, appearing in an ECRIS at th e

expense of decay instability of pumping wave propagating along the magnetic field with th e

frequency closed to the electron cyclotron frequency [1] . More detailed study of ion sound exite d

has recently shown that standard model of ion sound transformation spectrum can be applied to a n

ECRIS case and final absorption of ion sound due to the ion-ion collisions could heat ions more

efficiently than the ion heating due to electron ion collisions . [2] . In this paper the ion turbulent

heating in two-component plasma of ECRIS is studied . The form of ion sound spectrum is obtained

both for the region of generation and for the inertia region and it is shown that in a gas mixing

ECRIS the lighter species are heated dominantly by ion sound damping, the heavier species

remaining cool . It can provide better confinement of heavy ions and consequently better output o f

higher charge states of them .

Reference s[1] Y. Kawai, D. Meyer, A . Nadzeyka, U. Wolters and K . Wiesemann, Plasma source Sci . Technol .10, 451-458 (2001) .[2] A .A. Ivanov, A . A. Lukianov, E . A. Vostrikova, In . :MCCS-2004 Contributed Papers, Moscow,2004, p. 522-527 .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Industrial Applications

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

THE INFLUENCE OF BERNSTEIN MODE ON THEEFFICIENCY OF ECR X-RAY SOURCE

V. V. ANDREEV 1 , L . I . ELIZAROV 2 , K. S . SEREBRENNIKOV 2 ,E. A.VOSTRIKOVA 1 ' 2 , A. M UMNOV 1

1 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198, Moscow, Russi a2 RRC "Kuchatov Institute", 123182, Moscow, Russi a

To elaborate and design a new generation of compact and space efficient X ray sources wit h

spectrum variation on the base of magnetic mirror trap the series of experiments with magneti c

mirror trap where transversal electron heating occurs at the condition of electron cyclotron

resonance were carried out . For more precise diagnostics the numerical simulation of considere d

process based on a particle in cell technique were carried out either . The experiments give possibl e

to optimize the parameters of the experimental device to provide effective confinement of a hot

electron component and intense X-ray generation. The specificity of the experiments connected

with X ray generation in a mirror magnetic trap at the transversal propagation of microwave field i s

a significant increase of electron temperature . Actually the experiments result in surpassing of a hot

electron component available energy the value compared to its classical one [1] . To explain thi s

effect the peculiarities of an extraordinary transversal wave behavior in the area of electro n

cyclotron resonance especially the possibility of Bernstein modes appearing and their influence o n

the efficient electron heating in the trap at the addition a lighter gas in the working gas of the sourc e

were considered .

References[1] Convers N., Wyeth, Lichtenberg A.J . and Lieberman M .A., Plasma Physics, 17, 1975 . p . 679

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

INITIAL TESTS OFA HIGH POWER, EXTERNALANTENNA FOR RFMUL TICUSP ION SOURCES

R. F .WELTON 1 , M. P . STOCKLI 1 and S. N. MURRAY 1

1 SNS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P .O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

The ion source for the Spallation Neutron Source* (SNS) is a radio-frequency, multicusp sourc edesigned to deliver H- beam pulses of 40 mA to the SNS accelerator, with a pulse length of 1 m sand a repetition rate of 60 Hz. In order to achieve this performance the source must operate wit hboth high peak RF power, -45 kW, and high average RF power, -3 kW over an operational runperiod of 3 weeks . The most critical source component in this respect is the plasma-immersed,porcelain coated RF antenna which can be susceptible to damage during high power operation . TheDESY group has developed an external antenna configuration utilizing an Al 203 plasma chambe rwhich has demonstrated a very long operational period exceeding 25,000 hours . Their sourceoperates with peak RF powers comparable to the SNS source but with greatly reduced average R Fpowers, -50 W. In order to explore the applicability of this external antenna concept to highaverage power ion sources like the SNS source we have performed several test runs of the source o na test stand. The extracted H - beam current as well as the beam emittance has been measured as afunction of source operating parameters in order to access the sources capabilities in this role .

* SNS is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, under contract DE-ACO5-000R22725 for the U .S .Department of Energy .

Topic of your presentation :

Requested presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Oral Presentation

DEVELOPMENT OFA NEWLIZ-MEVVA SOURCE

J . Sprunck2, E .P . Garate2 , A.Hershcovitch ' , B . M. Johnson'R. McWilliams2 , N. Rostoker2 , and A. Van Drie2

1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-500 02. Department of Physics, University of California, Irvine, California 9269 7

The low-inductance Z-discharge metal vapor vacuum arc (LIZ-MEVVA) has promise as a simpl e

method of obtaining high-charge state metallic ions ' . In the LIZ-MEVVA the high-charge state

ions are generated in a single stage, within a plasma discharge gap. To improve the production o f

high-charge state ions a source has been constructed to maximize inductance across the plasm a

discharge gap relative to the supply circuit inductance . Measurements indicate that up to 16% of

supply capacitor voltage is dropped across the discharge gap, a figure that should be improved i n

future designs . If high-charge state ions can be generated reliably, a second stage stripper may b e

employed for further ionization .

The diode is energized by a low-inductance transmission line attached to a 700 nF, 25 kV

capacitor . Overall inductance has been measured at 166 nH. Currently the electrode material i s

aluminum, however in future experiments the electrodes will be gold plated . The cathode-to-anod e

discharge gap distance can be varied from a short to 5 cm . Currents generated in the discharge ar e

approximately 2 kA per 1 kV charging voltage . For ion extraction, the cathode is biased relative to

ground using a second capacitor, which can be charged up to 1 .5 kV. The extracted ions trave l

down a 1 m drift tube to a Faraday cup for TOF measurements . In order to minimize charg e

exchange, the system operates at a UHV of 10 -7 Ton or lower . A Thomson parabola will b e

employed in future measurements . Details about the diode geometry and pulsed power circuitry as

well as our initial results using this system will be reported .

[1] N . Debolt, A. Hershcovitch, B.M. Johnson, N. Rostoker, A. Van Drie F. Wessel, Rev. Sci .

Instrum. 73, 741 (2002)

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extraction

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

EXTRACTION OF SINGLE-ION BEAMS FROMHELICON

ION SOURCE IN HIGH PLASMA DENSITY OPERATION

MODE: EXPERIMENT AND SIMULATION

S .MORDYK, V. MIROSHNICHENKO, A. NAHORNYY, D. NAHORNYY ,D. SHULHA,V . STORIZHKO AND V. VOZNYY

Institute of Applied Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sumy ,Ukraine

We are testing a high-plasma-density high-brightness Helicon-Ion Source for Nuclea r

Microscopy application. Experiments were performed with an hydrogen-, helium- and argon gas .

Different extraction structures of the helicon RF ion source were investigated with imposed externa l

magnetic field . We present measurements of the extracted current as a function of the extractio n

voltage and RF power. The source has been diagnosed by a microwave interferometer . Measure d

plasma densities in the vicinity of the emission hole of up to 7 . 2 . 1 0 12 cm-3 (for argon), 1 .6 . 1 012 cm- 3

(for helium), and 6 . 0 . 1 011 cm-3 (for hydrogen) were obtained for working gas pressure of < 5 mTorr

and RF power < 350 W (fRF=27.12 MHz). The ion current density was 80 mA/cm 2 with high

percentage of protons in the beam (—80 %) . In the extraction structure the cathode channel has a

3 mm length and a 0 .6 mm diameter. Experimental data from the emittance measurements ar e

presented for the central region of the hydrogen ion beam extracted from the helicon RF ion sourc e

with permanent magnets .

The phase set degradation due to aberrations in the extraction structure of the helicon RF io n

source was simulated with allowance for four-order approximation in series expansion of the

electrostatic potential and third order approximation in series of the magnetic fields, by the

matrizant method . The calculations were performed involving experimental data on ion energ y

spread, average ion energy, and plasma density of the helicon RF ion source with permanen t

magnets .

Topic of your presentation :Laser Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

PROPERTIES OF IONS EMITTED FROM DIFFERENTPLASMAS PRODUCED BY 438-nm HIGH-ENERGY LASER

PULSES

J. WOLOWSKI ' , J . BADZIAK ' , F . P BOODY 2 , S . GAMMINO 3 , J . KRâSA4 ,L . LâSKA 4 , A . MEZZASALMA 5 , P. PARYS 1 , M. PFEIFER4 , K. ROHLENA4 ,

L . TORRISI 3 ' 5 , J. ULLSCHMIED 7

Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 00-908 Warsaw, P .O. Box 49 ,Hery St. 23, Poland,

e-mail : wolowski@ifpilm .waw.pl2 lon Light Technologies GmbH, Bad Abbach, Germany

3 INFN-Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania, Italy4 Institute of Physics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republi c

5 University of Messina, Messina, Italy6 lnstitute of Plasma Physics ASCR, Prague, Czech Republi c

A high power laser beam focused on a solid target creates hot and very dense plasma with a hig h

ionization state . Due to its fast expansion, the plasma's density decreases rapidly, befor e

recombination can significantly reduce the highly ionized ion species . Hence, at least some of theions have a chance to conserve the charge state acquired in the hot plasma core and carry it aconsiderable distance away from the focus . The main factors influencing the nature of laser-plasmainteraction are the laser and target parameters as well as the focusing conditions . Among others, themechanisms of ion production and acceleration depend on the Z number of the target material an d

on the laser wavelength .

The main goal of our investigations was to estimate the influence of the target material on th echaracteristics of the ions produced by high-energy, short-wavelength (438 nm) laser radiation, i ncomparison with the previous results obtained using an infrared laser beam . The properties of laser -produced ion fluxes of different elements were analyzed in the far expansion zone, in a cooperativ eexperiment performed using the high energy 3 `' harmonic of the PALS iodine laser at the PAL S

Research Center ASCR in Prague (wavelength 438 nm, pulse energy up to 250 J, puls eduration–400 ps) . The characteristics of the highly-charged ion fluxes were investigated usin gprecision ion diagnostics based on the time-of-flight method .

Our emphasis was on determining both the main parameters of the ion flux, as well as the io n

acceleration processes occurring in the plasma, produced by the 438-nm laser beam, in compariso nto the processes observed in the experiments using a 1315-nm laser beam .

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Beam Extractio n

A SINGLE-PULSED IONBEAM PROFILE INACCELERATION GAP

W. XIANG, P.Y. TANG, C.Y. WANG and X.H. TAN

Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics ,P.O. Box 919-523, Mianyang 621900, Sichuan, Chin a

On a test bench, an integral image of ion beam extracted from a single-pulsed vacuum arc io n

source was captured using a CCD camera. Based on Abel transform [1] and image processing, the

integral image with cylindrical symmetry was used to determine the ion beam profile in th e

acceleration gap. The result shows that the radical beam profile in acceleration gap has a simila r

Gaussian distribution, and the ion beam intensity close to plasma electrode is 40 % higher than tha t

at the entrance of the extractor .

Reference s[1] V. Dribinski, A. Ossadtchi, V . Mandelshtam, and H . Reisler, Rev . Sci. Instrum ., 73, 2634(2002)

Requested presentation :Poster Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Mass Spectroscopy

Development of an angular resolved momentum analyzer syste mto study particle reflections from solid surfaces

H. Yamaoka ' , Y.Matsumoto2 , M . Nishiura2 , K. Tsumori2 , H. Sugawara3 ,S . Takeuchi3 , K. Shinto3 , M . Sasao3 and M . Wada4

1 Harima Institute, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research) ,Hyogo 679-5148, Japan

2 National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Gifu 509-5292, Japan3 Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japa n4 Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japa n

Physical properties of Mo, W and C materials are to be measured for properly designing plasm afacing components against high heat and particle loads from a burning plasma . Precise data onparticle reflection and retention at the surfaces facing with a plasma are also necessary t ounderstand the hydrogen recycling and the edge plasma cooling . Unlike single crystalline samples ,not enough data sets are available for polycrystalline samples, in particular, the angular dependentenergy spectra of reflected particles . On the other hand, negative ion production by injectingpositive ions or energetic neutrals to a low work function metal surface at a grazing angle can be a nefficient method to form a negative ion beam of reasonable intensity and quality. Negative ions o fHe (He-), an attractive ion species to form a diagnostic beam for measuring velocity distributions o ffusion-produced alphas, are commonly produced through double charge transfer process from H epositive ions in an alkali metal vapor cell with the conversion efficiency less than only a few % .Mass separated secondary particle detection from a low work function metal surface under th eirradiation of He ions or neutrals is indispensable to obtain the He yield from the surface wel lshielded from a large noise due to electron emission . To make the above measurements possible asystem that can measure angular resolved energy distribution function of the reflected ions has bee ndesigned, built and being tested . A beam steering system was added onto a system equipped with asmall multicusp ion source and a water cooled magnetic momentum analyzer installed on a rotatin gtable in vacuum [1] . Negative ions were extracted from the ion source by adding a pair o fpermanent magnet in the extraction region of the source, which made the measurement of charg estate conversion on the surface [2] from negative ion beams possible . By properly aligning an dcalibrating the system, energy spectra of target ions were obtained for different angles between th etarget surface and the incident beam . In this paper we describe further development of the syste mand the examples of the experimental results for polycrystalline W target bombarded by low energ y(1-2 keV) ions of H, H 2, H3, He, and O .

References[1] M. Wada, M. Sasao, M. Nishiura, H. Yamaoka and Y. Matsumoto, Rev. Sci. Instrum . 73 (2002)

955 .

[2] H. Yamaoka, Y. Matsumoto, M. Nishiura, M .Sasao, and M . Wada, J. Nucl. Mater . 337-339(2005) 942 .

Topic of your presentation :Negative Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

2D PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF LANSCE 'SSURFACE CONVERSION

NEGATIVE HYDROGENION SOURCE

E.CHACON-GOLCHER' and K. J . BOWERS 1

1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N M2 D .E. Shaw & Co . New York, NY.

The main ion sources used at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) are based on a

surface conversion process in which a cesiated, negatively biased molybdenum electrode (th e

converter) is immersed in a hydrogen plasma . Negative hydrogen ions (H) are then generate d

through the processes of reflection and sputtering of the incoming positive ions . A particle-in-cell

gun code has been developed to study the physics of this K ion source . The code is based on an

FFT-tridiagonal matrix Poisson solver implemented in an axisymmetric geometry . The code, a

multi-species plasma simulator, with internal structures of arbitrary shape and secondary particl e

emission routines, preserves a first-principles approach to a significant extent . Results from thi s

research have yielded important insights into the operation of the ion source, especially with regard s

to the plasma-converter interface and the sheath physics on exit of the ion source chamber . Further

information on the development status of the code as well as important results will be presented .

(Work supported by the U .S . Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration .

LA-UR-04-8634)

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

HIGH CURRENT VACUUM ARC ION SOURCE FOR ION

IMPLANTATION AND COATING DEPOSITION

TECHNOLOGIES

A.I. RYABCHIKOV, I.A. RYABCHIKOV, I .B . STEPANOV,A.V. SINEBRYUKHOV AND S .V. DEKTYAREV

Nuclear Physics Institute, Lenina ave . 2a, Tomsk, 634050, Russi a

The work is devoted to the development and investigation of high current ion source based o n

DC vacuum arc plasma generation . Extraction and acceleration of ion beams are realized in a

repetitively pulsed mode with the pulse repetition rate up to 200 pps, the pulse duration up to 400 µs

the accelerating voltage up to 50 kV and pulsed ion beam current up to 2,5 A . To remove

microparticles from the vacuum arc plasma a straight-line plasma filter is used .

The influence of the operating modes of an electromagnetic plasma filter on plasma charg e

composition in ion source was investigated. It is demonstrated that by means of changing th e

direction and strength of the magnetic field in interelectrode spaces of the plasma filter and bia s

potential on the filter electrodes one can change ion charge state composition of plasma an d

correspondingly of formed ion beam within 15% .

Ion beam energy spectrum was experimentally investigated in conditions of plasma-filled io n

diode using the plasma-immersion ion charge state and mass spectrometer. It is shown that within

several microseconds and even scores of microseconds after application of the accelerating voltag e

to plasma filled ion diode the ion energy spectrum dynamically changes .

Taking into account that the source is meant for ion implantation and plasma coatin g

deposition its operation stability under different gas pressures was investigated . It is shown that the

stable operation of the source in a wide range of pressures allows its application for plasma coatin g

deposition technologies realization .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

2D numerical model of ECR discharge with pointwise mappings

V.Eruhimov, V.Semenov

Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences46 Ulyanova str ., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russi a

The theory of the ECR plasma discharge in a magnetic trap attracts the attention of researches fo r

several decades . While particular processes that influence the electron distribution function (EDF )

have been studied well enough the mutual influence of ECR diffusion, collisions, ionization an d

ambipolar losses is hard to investigate . There have been several attempts to build a numerical mode l

of EDF dynamics based either on integration of bounce-averaged kinetic equation (see [1] as a n

example) or on Particle-In-Cell method (for instance, [2]) . Both methods have limitations – the

former assumes small change of electron parameters over one bounce oscillation (this restriction i s

violated for experiments with high power gyrotron ECR heating) and the latter is computationall y

expensive (the particle equations are integrated with a very small time scale of order of cyclotro n

period). This paper suggests a new numerical model that is based on combining the advantages o f

these two methods. Electron plasma is modelled with a set of particles whose trajectories ar e

described analytically within one bounce oscillation. A pointwise mapping is used to calculate a

change of position and velocity of a particle . This approach relaxes the restriction of slow change o f

electron energy that we have in kinetic equation approach and is very computationally inexpensiv e

compared to classic PIC methods. A self-consistent numerical model of ECR discharge in a

magnetic trap that takes into account ECR diffusion, collisions, ionization and losses has been

created. The initial results of the numerical experiments are presented .

References[1] A.GIRARD, C .LECOT, K.SEREBRENNIKOV, Journal of Comp .Physics, V.191, 1, pp .228-248, 2003 .[2] G.SHIRKOV, V.ALEXANDROV, V.PREISENDORF et al, Proceedings of 15th Internationa lWorkshop on ECR Ion Sources (2002) .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

OPRATION AND EXPERIMENTSON ECR ION SOURCES AT IMP

Z. M.ZHANG' , H. W. ZHAO ' , X. Z . ZHANG' , L. T . SUN' ,H. Y. ZHAO1 ° 2 , Y. CAOX. H . GUO' , X. X. LI ' , J . Y. LI ' , H. WANG ' ,

Y . CH . FENG1 , B . H . MA' , and W . HE 1-2

1 Institute of Modem Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China

2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Peking, 100049,China

There are two classical ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources at IMP, LECR 2(Lanzhou ECR ion source No.2) and LECR3 (Lanzhou ECR ion source No.3) . LECR2, which i sdemanded providing highly charged ion beams for HIRFL, is in the procedure of upgrading t oenhance the source performance . The operation of LECR3 is run well, especially the metallic io nbeams production. The uranium ion beams will be delivered soon by this ion source . Some newexperiments, including X-Ray detecting and visible light detecting, will be reported in this pape rpreliminarily .

Topic of your presentation:Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation : Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Poster Presentation

A MICROWAVE ION SOURCEFOR 100 keV ION IMPLANTATION

Ming Jianchuan ' , Guo Qigian ' , Wang Jinhui ' ,Wang Liangming ' , BaiYulan ' , Zhu Qiliang' , Ding Jia ' and ZhaoWeijiang 2

1 Beijing Research Institute of Automation for Machinery Industry (RIAMB) ,Beijing 100011, P .R. China .

2 Institute of heavy ion physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P .R .China .

Abstract: An electron cyclotron resonance ion source (microwave ion source )

has been developed in RIAMB for ion implantation .The magnetic field of the sourc e

was produced by 4 rings of NdFeB permanent magnet . The outline dimension i s

about 13 cm in diameter and 15 cm in height . To get the accelerating energy of ion s

up to 100 keV, the extraction electrode system was composed with four electrodes, i n

which center there were seven holes of 3mm in diameter as the emission-apertures .

This ion source has been operated in pulse mode . At nitrogen discharge and 100 k V

extraction voltage, the pulsed ion current more than 40 mA was extracted and the n

reached the sample stage far to the extraction electrode about 110 cm . In this paper

the construction of the source, the distribution of the magnetic field, some of the

discharge and the extracted ion beam characteristics, as well as a preliminar y

application of nitrogen ion implantation to bearings will be introduced and discussed .

Topic of your presentation:

Requested presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Oral Presentation

GAS BREAKDOWN IN ECR ION SOURCES

V.SKALYGA 1 , I . IZOTOV 1 , T. LAMY 2 , A . SIDOROV' , P. SORTAIS 2 ,T. THUILLIER 2 , and V. ZORIN '

1 Institute of Applied Physics, RAS, 46 Ulyanov St . Nizhny Novgorod,603950, Russia

2 The Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, 53 avenue de sMartyrs, 38026, Grenoble France

The realization of the Beta-beam project assumes the formation of a pulsed ion beam of Heliu m

and Neon radioactive isotopes . A pulsed ECR source of multicharged ions has been proposed to

produce such a beam[1] . Rising of plasma density up to a stationary level must be fast enough to

actualize this approach. This condition is mandatory to avoid particles losses in the transmissio n

line . In the presented work, rising time of the plasma density in an ECR ion source from a

background level up to 98 % of a stationary level is calculated . A 0-dimensional model of plasma

formation in a mirror trap [2] is used, able to make calculation for a wide range of microwav e

frequencies . Plasma confinement regime can either be classic (Pastukhov) or gas-dynamic ,

depending on plasma parameters . Calculations are in good agreement with experimental results

obtained at SMIS'37 setup . Numerical calculations also show that particles losses can b e

significantly reduced by pumping effect thanks to microwave frequency increase above 70 GHz .

References[1] P . Sortais, J .-L . Bouly, J .-C. Curdy, T. Lamy, P. Sole, T. Thuillier, J .-L . Vieux-Rochaz, D .Voulot. ECRIS development for stable and radioactive pulsed beams . Review of Scientifi cInstruments, v . 75, issue 5, pt2, p . 1610-1612 .[2] V . Semenov, V. Skalyga, A . Smirnov, V . Zorin . Scaling for ECR sources of multicharged ion swith pumping at frequencies from 10 to 100 GHz. Review of Scientific Instruments, v . 73, n . 2, p .635-637 .

Topic of your presentation :Mass Spectroscopy

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

PLASMA IMMERSION ION CHARGE STATE AND MASS

SPECTROMETER

A.I. RYABCHIKOV, I .A. RYABCHIKOV, I .B . STEPANOV ANDA .V. SINEBRYUKHOV

Nuclear Physics Institute, Lenina ave . 2a, Tomsk, 634050, Russi a

The work is devoted to the development and investigation of new spectrometer fo r

measurement of ion charge state and mass composition of plasma based on combination of tw o

methods - plasma immersion ion acceleration and time-of-flight ions separation .

Ion acceleration in the spectrometer is carried out in the short-pulse mode by applying th e

negative bias potential to the plasma immersed drift tube . The measurement of the ion current at the

end of the tube using time-of-flight ions separation must be done after the bias potential puls e

termination .

The investigations of the ions charge state and mass composition were carried out using DC

vacuum-arc metal (Ti, Al, Cu, W, TiAl, TiZr) and gas (N, Ar) plasma .

It is experimentally shown that application of a negative bias potential with pulse amplitude o f

more than 500 V and duration in the range from 100 to 1000 ns allows measurement of the

spectrums with good charge state and mass resolution for various plasma concentration using th e

drift tube with length from 0,5 to 1 m .

The spectrometer is noted for the design simplicity and compactness . It can be used for ion

charge state and mass composition investigation in the wide range of concentration of most periodi c

table elements plasma.

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

X-RAY BREMSSTRAHLUNG MEASUREMENTS ON LECR3

H. Y .ZHAO ' ' 2 , X. W . MA' , H. W. ZHAO' , S . F . ZHANG 1 ' 2 , Z. M. ZHANG' ,W. T . FENG' ' 2 , W. H' , Y . C . FEHG ' , J . Y. LI ' , X. X. LI ' , L . T. SUN' ,

H. W ' , B . H. MA' and Y. CAO'

1 Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou,730000, P . R. China

2 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P . R.China

Bremsstrahlung spectra emitted from plasmas of LECR3 at IMP were measured by a HPGe detector .

Experimental and simulated emissivities of several typical plasmas with various parameters ar e

presented in this article . The influences of ion source work conditions, such as hf power, neutra l

pressure, gas mixing, on x-ray spectra of plasma are also discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

TRANSPORTATION AND CHARGED SEPARATION OF

MULTICOMPONENT IONS BEAM IN PLANE GAP

V.A.SHKLYAEV , S .YA. BELOMYTSEV and V.V. RYZHOV

Institute of High-Current Electronics SD RAS, 2/3 Akademichesky Avenue ,634055, Tomsk, Russia, Phone (38-22)49-14-71, Fax (38-22) 49-24-1 0

In this research a problem of variously charged ion beam transportation in plane equipotential gap i s

solved. There were received values of critical current densities for such a beam in dependence o f

current density and average beam charge going through the gap on current density, average charge d

and initial energy of ions of injected beam. There were found conditions at that the effective

separation of double-charged and mono-charged ions happened .

References[1] V. A. Shklaev, S . Ya. Belomyttsev, V . V. Ryzhov // PZhTF, vol .31, N210, 2005 .[2] V. A. Shklaev, S . Ya. Belomyttsev, V. V. Ryzhov // in Proceedings of the 13th Symposium on Hig h

Current Electronics . Russia, Tomsk, July 25-29, 2004, pp . 141-143 .

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source s

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF ECR PROTON SOURCE ATCAT, INDORE

S .K.JAIN' AND P.R.HANNURKAR

Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore-452 013,IndiaRF & Microwave Section, Accelerator ProgrammeEmail ' : skj [email protected]

The Proton LINAC at 100MeV to be used as injector for 1GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotro n

(RCS) at Centre for Advanced Technology (CAT) as a part of pulsed Spallation Neutron Sourc e

(SNS). An Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) proton source operating at 2450MHz producin g

30mA proton current at 50keV beam energy will be used as an injector to 100MeV Proton Linac

has been designed and constructed . The plasma chamber was excited with 350 watts of microwave

power at 2450MHz microwave frequency with hydrogen gas using flat field ECR configuratio n

produced by solenoid coils using ridged waveguide. The plasma parameters, plasma density an d

electron temperature was studied with nitrogen gas pressure and magnetic field at 350 watt s

microwave power . The nitrogen plasma density 4 .5x10 1' cm3 and electron temperature (cold :3 -

10eV, hot :45-85eV) is obtained. The two-electrode extraction geometry was optimized usin g

IGUN for the extraction of the proton beam . The extraction aperture of the plasma electrode is 8mm

and ground electrode is 10mm. The proton beam current 5mA (peak) at 15keV with a pulse widt h

of 5msec . and repetition rate 100Hz is obtained . The beam current is measured at 100mm down

from the source using Faraday cup . This paper describes the experimental results of ECR proton

source at CAT,Indore .

References[1] Jain S K, Jain Akhilesh, Hannurkar P R, Indigenous development of a low cost high power 2k W(CW), 2 .45GHz microwave system, Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics, vol . 42, pp 896-901 ,Dec. 2004[2] Jain S K, Jain and Hannurkar P R, First beam results and status of ECR proton source at CAT ,Proceedings DAE-BRNS Indian Particle Accelerator Conference, InPAC-2005, pp302-303

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Poster Presentation

TIME RESOLVED INVESTIGA TIGA TION OF THE

IONIZATION PROCESS IN THE DRESDEN EBI T

G.ZSCHORNACK' , R.HELLER' , M.KRELLER' , S .LANDGRAF 1 ,F .GROSSMANN2, U.KENTSCH2, V .P.OVSYANNIKOV 2 , M.SCHMIDT 2 and

F.ULLMANN2

1 TU Dresden, Institut far Angewandte Physik, Mommsenstrasse 13, D-0106 9Dresden, Germany

2 Leybold Vacuum Dresden GmbH, Zur Wetterwarte 13, D-01109 Dresden ,Germany

The emission of characteristic X-rays of krypton and iron ions was measured in dependence on th e

ion confinement time in an electron beam ion source, the so-called Dresden-EBIT [1] . The

measurement deployed energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused on dielectroni c

recombination (DR) processes .

The Dresden EBIS is a source of highly charged ions based on the electron impact ionisation o f

atoms by a high density electron beam . We report on measurements of the dependence on the tim e

of ionization processes in krypton and iron ions . Because of the sharp resonant character of the D R

processes the formation of discrete charge states can be observed by time-resolved energy -

dispersive X-ray spectroscopy .

Thus information about the evolution of the ion charge state distribution in the trap can be obtained .

The effective electron current density as well as the effective ionisation factor can be defined by th e

comparison of the measured results with model calculations . Furthermore from time-resolved X-ray

spectra the electron beam compensation can be analysed at different ion source regimes providing

information about the formation and properties of the electron beam .

References[1] V.P.Ovsyannikov, G .Zschornack ; Review of Scientific Instruments,70 (1999) 2646

Topic of your presentation :Radioactive Ion Sources

Requestedpresentation :Oral Presentation

Tunable visible photoluminescence from ZnO nanorods throug hMgO-coating and microwave treatmen t

Hung-Chou Liao, Chin-Ching Lin, and San-Yuan Chen

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung Universit y1001 Ta-hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, Taiwan

This paper describes the fabrication of MgO-coating nanorods arrays that consist of Zn O

nanorods were grown on silicon buffered with ZnO film by soluthermal process in low temperatur e

(75°C)and how to control the visible photoluminescence (PL) from ZnO by microwave treatment .

The surface characteristic of Mg-doped ZnO nanorods arrays was investigated by a field-emissio n

scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electro n

microscope (TEM), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) . XPS analysis reveals that th e

tunable visible PL property is attributed to both defect activation and modification on the surface

region of ZnO nanorods due to the formation of Zn i _ X Mg X O .

Visible PL from ZnO nanorods has been found to be tunable in a wide range from blue t o

orange through MgO-coating and microwave treatment . We also confirmed the band-gap

broadening of the Mg-doped ZnO nanorods as compared to that of the undoped nanorods . The blue-

related PL therefore appeared to be caused by energetic shifts of the valence band and/or th e

conduction band of ZnO .

In summery, we have developed well-aligned arrays Mg-doped ZnO nanorods on silico n

substrates buffered with ZnO film by combining a simple chemical solution at low temperatures an d

microwave treatment . These results demonstrate that this simple approach and low-cost proces s

shows great potential for practical application in optoelectronic devices .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Sources

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

DRESDEN EBIT: STATUS REPORT AND NEXTDEVELOPMENTS

G.ZSCHORNACK' , R.HELLER' , M.KRELLERI , S .LANDGRAF ' ,

F .GROSSMANN2, U.KENTSCH2, V.P.OVSYANNIKOV 2 , M.SCHMIDT 2 and

F.ULLMANN2

1 TU Dresden, Institut für Angewandte Physik, Mommsenstrasse 13, D-01069Dresden, Germany

2 Leybold Vacuum Dresden GmbH, Zur Wetterwarte 13, D-01109 Dresden ,Germany

The Dresden EBIT [1] is a room temperature EBIT producing highly charged ions for the X-ra y

spectroscopy as well as for materials modification . In the past we have demonstrated the productio n

of highly charged ions as Ar 18+ , Fe26+, Ni28+ , Kr34+, Xe46+ and Ir67 +

Here we give an account of the further development of this ion source to increase the electric tra p

capacity involving the production of a larger amount of highly charged ions . The next generation of

room-temperature EBIT sources, the Dresden EBIS, is characterized by a longer extension of th e

ion trap and the SmCo permanent magnets have been substituted by NdFeB magnets to achieve

higher magnetic fields . Thus the extracted ion current maximum was increased up to a factor o f

five .

We report on measurements performed to demonstrate the improved capability of the Dresde n

EBIS . The electric properties of the source in dependence on the operation parameters, especiall y

the ion confinement time as well as the trap potentials were investigated . Using energy-dispersive

X-ray spectroscopy the X-ray emission was measured in dependence on the electron excitatio n

energy. Thus the KLL-, KLM-, KLN- and KLO-DR-resonances of beryllium-like to oxygen-lik e

Krypton ions were detected and analysed . The evolution of the ion charge state distribution in the

ion trap was investigated utilising time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy .

References[1] V.P.Ovsyannikov, G .Zschornack ; Review of Scientific Instruments,70 (1999) 2646

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Source s

Electron beam ion source for in-trap creation of highly chargedions

J .ALONSO ' ' 2 , K. BLAUM ' , S . DJEKIC' , H.-J . KLUGE2 , W . QUINT2 , S . STAHL ' ,J . VERDÛ' , M . VOGEL ' , J . WALZ ' G. WERTH'

1 Institut flr Physik, 55099, Mainz, Germany2 GSI, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany

Measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron bound in hydrogen-like ions with

spinless nuclei have proven to be highly sensitive tests of corresponding calculations based o n

bound state quantum electrodynamics [1,2] . Currently, an experiment on hydrogen-like calcium

40Ca19+ and lithium-like calcium 40Ca'7+ [3] is prepared, which is capable of increasing th e

sensitivity of this QED test by more than one order of magnitude . To that end, an electron beam io n

source (EBIS) is used for in-trap sequential charge breeding of the particles . A description of such a

system will be presented, as well as the first preliminary results obtained and a comparison t o

detailed numerical simulations .

Reference s[1] H. Haffner, et al ., Phys . Rev. Lett . 85, 5308-5311 (2000)

[2] J. Verdû, et al ., Phys . Rev. Lett . 92, 093002 (2004)

[3] M . Vogel, et al ., submitted to Nucl . Inst. Meth. B (HCI-2004 proceedings)

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

STATUS REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE JINRTUBULAR ELECTRON STRING ION SOURCE

D . E. DONETS ' , E. D. DONETS ' , E. E . DONETS ' , S . V . GUDKOV ' , O. K.

KULTASHEV 2, S . V . SALNIKOV ' , Yu. A . TUMANOVA ' , and V. B . SHUTOV '

1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russi a2 State Research and Production Corporation "Istok", Friazino, Russi a

The JINR Tubular Electron String Ion Source (TESIS) [1] with off-axis ion extraction is under

development in the Laboratory of High Energies since 2003 . The main advantage of TESI S

compare to ion source with a linear string is expected to be a greatly increased volume of ho t

electron plasma and corresponding increase of output of highly charged ions . The JINR TESIS was

constructed on the basis of the cryo magnetic system of the ion source Krion-2 with 3 T super

conducting solenoid . To inject electrons into the tubular drift tube structure and to accumulate them

there the electron gun, placed in the solenoid fringe field, with 8 IrCe emitters, situated in orifices o f

the annular dummy cathode and the electron reflector, placed in the corresponding fringe field o n

opposite side of the solenoid with an annular electron repeller, were used. To extract "off-axis" ions

from the tubular structure on the definite azimuth angle the system of extracting electrodes and th e

ion beam line were installed .

In the first tests of electron accumulation it was possible to accumulate about 100 nC of electro n

charge, which is about 12 times more than in the corresponding conditions in the source with a

linear electron string. The system of off-axis ion extraction was first tested, extracting residual ga s

ions . Reasons, limiting the electron accumulation efficiency, are under study now and the system o f

a pulse ion injection was prepared recently for a use .

The technique and the latest results of electron accumulation and results of ion injection ,

ionisation and off-axis extraction will be presented .

The work was supported in part by INTAS (Grant 01-2354) and CRDF (Grant RP 1-2417-DU-02) .

References[1] Donets E. D., Donets D. E., Donets E . E., Patent RU 2205467 in Bul. "Izobretenia" 15 ,Moscow, 2003 ; Donets E . D., Donets D. E., Donets E . E., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 696-698 (2002) .

Requested presentation :

STATUS OF CHARGE BREEDING WITH ECRIS

T.LAMY ' , R. GELLER' , P. SORTAIS ' , T. THUILLIER'

1 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie53, avenue des Martyrs F-38026 Grenoble cedex, France

Due to the production methods of exotic nuclei, an efficient acceleration of radioactive ion beam s

needs charge breeding of weakly charged ions . The upgrade of existing Isotope Separator On Line

facilities (TRIUMF-ISAC, CERN-ISOLDE . . .) or the development of new projects for th e

acceleration of radioactive ion beams (GANIL - SPIRAL2, MAFF, EURISOL . . .) require charge

breeders with high efficiency, fast charge breeding time, low background levels and high intensit y

acceptance either in continuous or in pulsed mode . The optimisation of these parameters is a ne w

challenge for the ECR community and is useful to get a better understanding of plasma physics i n

ECRIS. The ECR Charge breeding technique has been developed for more than ten years at LPS C

(ex-ISN) Grenoble, typical 1+ -* n+ efficiencies are in the 3% - 10% range depending on th e

nature of the incoming beam (metallic, alkaline, gaseous) and remaining constant for high intensit y

injection. Different laboratories have developed programs to study ECR charge breeding, th e

progress of these studies will be presented. ECRIS have main advantages to be efficient charge

breeders and a few limitations which will be discussed .

Topic of your presentation :Charge Breeding

Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation: Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Recent results with the Phoenix Booster at ISOLDE

P .Delahaye ' , C . J . Barton, T. Fritioff3 , O. Kester4 , T. Lamy5, M. Lindroosl , P .

Sortais 5 , G. Transtromer6 and F . Wenander l

1 CERN ISOLDE, Geneva, Switzerland2 CLRC —Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Englan d3 Manne Siegbahn Laboratory, Stockholm, Swede n4 GSI, Darmstadt, Germany5 LPSC, Grenoble, Franc e6 Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Stockholm, Sweden

Radioactive ion beam charge breeding tests have been performed last year with the Phoenix 14GH z

ECRIS at ISOLDE with very promising results [1] . Up to 10% efficiency in one charge state was

reached for stable noble gas beam and more than 3% for radioactive 96Srn+ (A/q ,,, 6 .5) . Continuous

injection and extraction mode was used . A first experiment was performed for astrophysics [2] .

In the next two years the charge booster could be used to provide nuclear astrophysics and soli d

state physics experiments with accelerated radioactive beams, and in the future it could be installe d

in parallel with the REXEBIS at the REX-ISOLDE facility. For these purposes, several require d

developments are planned during this year's beam time . They concern the diversity of tested an d

accessible beams, the implementation and tests of the afterglow method with stable and radioactiv e

beams, and the reduction of the stable background delivered by the ECRIS. Related progresses will

be reported in light of the future upgrade projects of the ISOLDE facility and of the EURISOL DS ,

and the expected performances of such a charge breeder will be compared with existing competitiv e

techniques .

This work is supported by EU within the EURONS under contract number RII3-CT-2004-506065.

References[1] IS397, IS400, T. Fritioff, ISOLDE newsletter, autumn 2004, http ://www.cern.ch/ISOLD E[2] Purification of radioactive neutron-rich argon beams using an ECR ion source in charg ebreeding mode, T . Fritioff et al . NIM A, submitte d

Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources

Topic of your presentation :Charge Breeding

Requested presentation :Oral Presentatio n

THE REX-ISOLDE CHARGE BREEDER AS ANOPERATIONAL MACHINE

P. Delahaye, R. Scrivens, T . Sieber, F. WENANDERand the REX-ISOLDE collaboratio n

CERN, 1211 Geneva-23, Switzerland

The charge breeding system of REX-ISOLDE, consisting of a large Penning trap in combinatio nwith an Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS), is a mature concept after having delivered radioactiv ebeams for post acceleration to a number of experiments for three years . The system, connected to acompact linear accelerator, has shown to be versatile in terms of the ion species and energies tha tcan be delivered. During the experimental period 2004 a significant part of the ISOLDE beam tim ewas dedicated to REX-ISOLDE experiments and a total of 7 elements and 14 isotopes were charg ebred and accelerated . Ion masses in the range between A=9 and 126 were produced . A new recordefficiency of 10% for the trap-EBIS combination was achieved . High beam intensities, up to 1 nAaverage current, was proven to be feasible, as well as extreme low intensity beams . Isotopes withlifetimes <10 ms were successfully charge bred . Two means of suppressing unwanted beamcontaminations were tested and found successful . With the first method isobaric contaminationfrom the ISOL-target could be suppressed by injecting molecular beams into the trap, wit hmolecular disassociation in the trap or the EBIS . To suppress stable beam contamination from theEBIS, a stripper foil at the end of the linac was introduced . We will report on the above and th elatest results from this year's run. In addition, the experience gained of the trap-EBIS concept fro ma machine operational point of view will be discussed and the limitations described . The futuredevelopments as part of the ISOLDE upgrade project will also be mentioned .

Topic of your presentation :Electron Beam Ion Sources

Requestedpresentation :Oral Presentatio n

THE FRANKFURT MAXEBIS SET-UP FOR ADVANCED

CHARGE BREEDING EXPERIMENTS *

O.KESTER' , R. BECKER2 and M . KLEINOD2

' GSI Darmstadt, Planckstral3e 1, 64291 Darmstadt, German y2 Institut fir Angewandte Physik, Universitat Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str . 1

60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The demand of exotic ions prior to their injection into an accelerator has driven the development o f

the charge breeding method . Existing facilities like REX-ISOLDE or ISAC at TRIUMF are alread y

using a charge state booster for the post acceleration of radioactive ions . Planned facilities like

MAFF, SPES, SPIRAL II and EURISOL have identified the need of a breeding system because o f

the demand for highly charged ions for low energy experiments and because of the available budge t

and space. Therefore the exploration and optimization of existing charge state breeders i s

mandatory and is supported by the I3-EURONS project . Parts of the joint research activity "charg e

breeding" are experiments with the Frankfurt MAXEBIS set-up, which has been modified withi n

the past years towards high current electron beam and external injection of alkaline ions by a

surface ionisation source . The electron gun, the inner electrode structure and the collector of the

MAXEBIS have been modified . The full MAXEBIS set-up has been moved from Frankfurt to GSI ,

where the charge breeding measurements will be done . In addition the MAXEBIS will deliver

highly charged ions for tests of the HITRAP cooler trap . The new set-up, first tests and the planne d

breeding experiments will be discussed .

* supported by the EU, I3-EURONS project, No. 506065

Requested presentation :Oral Presentation

Topic of your presentation :High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Source s

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF VACUUM ARC ION

SOURCES

E .M . OKS ' and I.G. BROWN 2

1 High Current Electronics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055 ,

Russia2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, US A

The vacuum arc ion source has evolved over the past twenty years into a standard laboratory too l

for the production of high current beams of metal ions, and is now used in a number of differen t

embodiments at many laboratories around the world . The primary application of this kind of source

has evolved to be ion implantation for material surface modification, primarily non-semiconductor .

Another important use is for injection of high current beams of heavy metal ions into the front ends

of particle accelerators, and much excellent work has been carried out in recent years in optimizing

the source for reliable accelerator application . The source also provides a valuable tool for th e

investigation of the fundamental plasma physics of the vacuum arc plasma discharge . As the use of

the source has grown and diversified, at the same time the ion source performance and operationa l

characteristics have been improved in a variety of different directions also . Here we review th e

growth and status of vacuum arc ion sources around the world, and summarize the applications fo r

which the sources have been used . The full version of this paper will be published in [1] .

Referenc e

[l] Ian Brown and Efim Oks, "Vacuum Arc Ion Sources : Recent Developments and Applications" ,

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci, Special Issue on Ion Sources, edited by M . Bakal, to be published in

December, 2005 .

Topic of your presentation : Requested presentation :

High Current, Novel and Miscellaneous Ion Sources

Oral Presentation

ION SOURCES FOR THE VARYING NEEDS OF IONIMPLANTATION

A.HERSHCOVITCH ' , V . A . BATALIN2 A. S . BUGAEV 3 , V. I . GUSHENETS 3 , B .M. JOHNSON ' , A. A. KOLOMIETS2 , G .N. KROPACHEV 2 , R. P. KUIBEDA2 , T.V. KULEVOY2 , I . V . LITOVKO 3 , E.S.MASUNOV4 , E. M . OKS 3 , V . I . PERSHIN2 ,

S . V . PETRENKO2 , S .M.POLOZOV 4 , H. J . POOLE5 , I . RUDSKOY2 , D. N .SELEZNEV2, P . A. STOROZHENKO 6 , A. YA. SVAROVSKI7 , and G. YU .

YUSHKOV 3

1 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA2 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russi a3 High Current Electronics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634055 Russi a4 Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Kashirskoe sh . 31, Moscow, 115409, Russi a5 PVI, Oxnard, California 93031-5023, US A6 Res . Inst. for Chem. & Tech. of Orgo-elem. Comp. 38, sh . Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, Russi a7 A.A. Bochvara Scientific Research Institute for Inorganic Materials," Seversk, 636070 Russi a

A joint research and development effort whose ultimate goal is to develop steady state intense io n

sources to meet needs of the two-energy extremes of mega-electron-volt and of 100"s of electron -

volt ion implanters has been in progress for the past two years . Present day high-energy io n

implanters utilize low charge state (usually single charge) ion sources in combination wit h

radiofrequency (rf) accelerators . Usually, a MeV Linear Accelerator (MV LINAC) is used for

acceleration of a few milliamperes . It is desirable to have instead an intense, high charge state io n

source on a relatively low energy platform [direct current (dc) acceleration] to generate high-energ y

ion beams for implantation. This endeavor is already resulted in record steady state output currents

of higher charge states antimony and phosphorous ions . Low energy ion implantation is performe d

presently by decelerating high-energy extracted ions. Consequently, output currents are low due t o

space charge problems. Contamination is also a problem due to gases and plasmas employed to

mitigate the space charge issues . Our efforts involve molecular ions and a novel plasmaless/gasless

deceleration method . A program overview is to be presented in this paper; specifics are to b e

described in accompanying papers .