Penyebab hiperbilirubinemia neonatus
MekanismePenyebab
Peningkatan sirkulasi enterohepatikBreast milk (breast milk
jaundice)Breastfeeding failure (breastfeeding jaundice)Drug-induced
paralytic ileus (Mg sulfate atau morfin)Puasa atau penyebab lain
yang menyebabkan terjadinya hipoperistaltikHirschsprung's
diseaseIntestinal atresia atau stenosis, termasuk annular
pancreasMeconium ileus atau meconium plug syndromePyloric
stenosis*
Darah yang tertelan
Overproduction
Pemecahan darah ekstravaskular ( Hematomas; petechiae;
pulmonary, cerebral, or occult hemorrhage)
Polisitemia karena transfusi maternofetal atau fetofetal atau
klem tali pusat terlambat
Overproduction karena anemia hemolitikObat-obatan atau beberapa
agen tertentu pada neonatus dengan defisiensi G6PD ( Asetaminofen ,
alkohol, antimalarials, aspirin , bupivacaine, kortikosteroid,
diazepam, nitrofurantoin , oksitosin , penisilin, phenothiazine,
sulfonamid)Maternofetal blood group incompatibility (Rh,
ABO)Defisiensi enzim eritrosit (G6PD atau piruvat
kinase)SpherocytosisThalassemia (, )
Undersecretion karena obstruksi biliar1-Antitrypsin
deficiency*Atresia biliar*Kista choledochal*Cystic
fibrosis*Dubin-Johnson syndrome dan Rotor's syndrome* Nutrisi
parenteralTumor or band* (extrinsic obstruction)
Undersecretion karena kondisi endokrin-metabolikCrigler-Najjar
syndrome (familial nonhemolytic jaundice types 1 and 2)Obat-obatan
dan hormonGilbert syndrome HypermethioninemiaHypopituitarism dan
anencephalyHypothyroidismLucey-Driscoll syndromeMaternal
diabetesPrematurityTyrosinosis
Gabungan overproduction dan undersecretionAsfiksiaInfeksi
intrauterinMaternal diabetesRespiratory distress
syndromeSepsisEritroblastosis fetalis beratSifilisInfeksi TORCH
*Jaundice juga dapat terjadi diluar usia neonatusTORCH =
toxoplasmosis, other pathogens, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and
herpes simplex.Adapted from Poland RL, Ostrea EM Jr: Neonatal
hyperbilirubinemia. In Care of the High-Risk Neonate, ed. 3, edited
by MH Klaus and AA Fanaroff. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company,
1986.
G6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PK, pyruvate kinase.
(From Oski FA: Differential diagnosis of jaundice. In Taeusch HW,
Ballard RA, Avery MA [editors]: Schaffer and Avery's Diseases of
the Newborn, 6th ed. PhiladG6PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase;
PK, pyruvate kinase. (From Oski FA: Differential diagnosis of
jaundice. In Taeusch HW, Ballard RA, Avery MA [editors]: Schaffer
and Avery's Diseases of the Newborn, 6th ed. Philadelphia, WB
Saunders, 1991.) elphia, WB Saunders, 1991.)