1 EV activities in Austria, EU and worldwide, Results from Fleet Tests, Business Models Gerd Schauer VERBUND AG, Innovation Research & Development Electric Vehicles 22. Sept. 2010, Copenhagen, DK VERBUND Bereich I Vorname Nachname I Vertraulichkeitsklasse VERBUND Verbund 2008: Sales: 3.744,7 Mio. € Operating result (EBIT): 1.138,6 Mio. € Group result: 686,6 Mio. € Balance sheet total: 8.293,8 Mio. € Operating cash flow: 934,2 Mio. € Free cash flow: -187,5 Mio. €
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G. Schauer, "EV activities in Austria, EU and worldwide, Results from Fleet Tests, Business Models," in Electric Vehicle Integration Into Modern Power Networks, DTU, Copenhagen, 2010
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EV activities in Austria, EU and worldwide, Results from Fleet Tests, Business Models
Gerd SchauerVERBUND AG, Innovation Research & Development
Electric Vehicles22. Sept. 2010, Copenhagen, DK
VERBUND Bereich I Vorname Nachname I Vertraulichkeitsklasse
PV power 49,9 0 0,8 MWPV modules (185 Watt) 269.956 0 4.463 modulesWind power 0 22,4 22,0 MWWind power plants 0 12 11 power plants
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Shopping Center
Basic informations:> Reference shopping center: Citypark Graz> Power of the transformers: around 1.700 kW> 21 charging stations for electric vehicles (assumption)> Charging during the business hours> PV on the roof of parking garage> Calculations made for worst case
Result:> Calculation of additional electricity demand:> 232.000 kWh/a for permanent charging> maximum power: 77 kW
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Shopping CenterEffect of EV charging on electricity demand
Charging only during opening hoursIncreased peak power but
>Insignificant>Transformer adequate
!!!!Demand correlates with PV production!!!!
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Werktag inkl. E-Mobilitätr Werktag Winter
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Shopping CenterImpact on the electrical installation
HouseholdsPV, surplus feed to grid,G2V, V2G concepts,Consumer + producer
E-mobile RegionR&D, Car-industry, Infrastructure
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the customers
Austrian Mobile Power
Open Plattformaustrian mobile powercreates solutions fitting foraustria and develops opensystem for e-mobility for all market players, based on EU-standards.
Technology-Plattformand SurroundingsEU-Programs enableinternational involvementPilot regions forimplementation & demon-stration of StandardsStakeholders set boundaryconditionsResearch projects offercollection of know-how.
european standards & initiatives
Green Car Initiative emporAPilot-
RegionStake-holder
20 Partners (8/2010)
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Jän 2009: Verbund EV-Project start
July 2009: Announce MoU
Oct 2009: Submit emporA
Feb 2010: Nomination State price
emporAnegotiations
Dec. 2009: launch of amp
3. Qu. 2010: prep. project proposal emporA II
13. Oct. 2010: e-mobility day, EXPO27. Aug. 2010:
Forum Alpbach
emporA
2010: - project prep.- promote twin city
25. Aug 2010: 2nd EV Li-ion
Forum, Beijing
Aug. 09:Forum Alpbach
www.austrian-mobile-power.at
the goal
• Austria as a leader in the age of e-mobility• Implementation of the overall system in pilot regions• 100,000 electric vehicles in a pilot region• Establish energy, infrastructure, and uniform accounting systems• Collectively invest 50 million euros• Trigger a total investment of 5 billion euros
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• Total System for Electromobility– Vehicle Technology– Infrastructure Technology– User
• Development Leap for AustrianCompanies
– Automotive– Infrastructure– Energy
• Utilization National and International– National Solutions; „Lighthouse Austria“– Contribution to European Solutions– Technologyexport
5 WP: System architecture, vehicle technology, Infrastructure, Consumer, Implementation
Project duration: 2010 – 2012
Project costs: 21,0 Mio.€
Funding KLI.EN: 8,8 Mio.€
VERBUND Bereich I Vorname Nachname I Vertraulichkeitsklasse
Corridor
„E-Mobility Corridor Central-East Europe“ (EMCEE)
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Austrian Pilot Tests
VLOTTE: was first showcase for demonstration of EVstrong partnership, integrated (regional) mobility solution, mobility card (~500,-€/month, after 4y residual value 25%)Think (Zebra battery, later Li-Ion), Fiat 500, …94% of drives under 50 km
Electro Drive, Salzburg: Utility driven, different packages: e-bike, e-scooter, segway, EVcombined with card for public traffic
Region „Almenland“: Green mobility for touristic region, goal is to 600 EV, scooters and e-bikes, green electricity by hydro power
Further activities in Vienna, Graz, Linz, Carinthia
> Avoid different systems, support common standard, financial support necessary,
> Actual costs for users too high for common acceptance
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
1. Introduction
2. Why e-mobility, several arguments
3. Austrian EV activities
4. European Fleet Test & experience
5. R&D Demand
6. Business models
7. Summary
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Belgium
Population concentrated to 6 large cities
3,5 priv. parking places of 5 Mio. car owners; 22% HH>2 cars
Stimulation by Belgium government (fiscal & others) forindividuals, companies and public authorities
Steering and infrastructure are the real issue for marketpenetration of EV
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Denmark
Central, decentral (CHP), wind power-> generation peaks > load!
Challenges:at no wind: from where should power come?What should be done with surplus wind power
that cannot be used?How can power system be so dynamic and operationally flexible to capaqble unpredictableevents
Efficient market: producers – supplieersNEED for INTELLIGENT Integration:
POWER SYSTEM <-> EV Cooperation with Better placeEDISON project !
Source: P, Andreason, A. Hanson, energinet
Wind: + 3 GW
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
EDISON (Electric Vehicles in a Distributed and Integrated Market usingSustainable Energy and Open Networks)
Partners: IBM, DONG Energy, regional energy company of Oestkraft, Techn. Univ. of Denmark, Siemens, Euriscoand Danish Energy Association
Researchtechnical developmentdemonstration
Charge EV by wind power; efficient useof grid; ancilliary service
Source: A. Hanson, energinet
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Germany
8 Pilot Regions with 115 Mio.€ support:Berlin-Potsdam, Hamburg,Oldenburg/Bremen, Munich, Rhein-Main, Rhein-Ruhr, Sachsen, Stuttgart
E-mobility AllgäuCologne: “colognE-mobil”
Pilot regions
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Ireland
1500 Standard public 3~
>30 DC Fast Chargers
2000 Home Chargers (freefor EV buyer
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Portugal
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Netherlands
Projekt Niederlande :: e-laad.nlCooperation of DSO! Install and testing an uniform, rural covering infrastructure
of 10.000 charging stations by elaad.nl (2009-2012), create uniform technology & communication. Charging stations are placed for free at public parking spots. One Charging card per vehicleFrom the grid side … load control is often mentioned (peak shaving)There are additional ancilliary services: congestion management, balancing power, Integration of renewable energies, disturbancemanagementDifferent involved parties have different interestsEl. Generator, DSO, TSO, balancing, trader, … customer
Proposition: Direct price control will not work> price differences are too small> Time constance of the interested party and
customer are to a high degree dissimilar
> (Source A. Postma, ENEXIS)
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
UK
Tender for Infrastructure:Type of installation, available power, Connection (IEC62196-2), Communication car – charging station, car – UtilityStandards, access control, RFID …
National Ultra Low Carbon Vehicle DemonstratorProgramme Plug-in vehicles (Prius, 12,5 miles el.) and EV ~23 miles avg./d (80 miles range i-MiEV) Congestion charge
France:
French government announce EV programIncentive: 5.000 € superbonus; Partnership: Renault - edfPotential customers: group of 20 corporations: utilities, fleet owners
Spain, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Finland, …:
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
E-mobility projects: comparison, recommendations
Business concept
Accountingconcept
Pioneer
Infrastructurepower stations
Used EVs
Governmentsubsidies
Criteria: Results:
Recommendations for future e-mobility projects> Uniform accounting concepts Transnational accounting
concepts > Provide service packages & leasing services in combination of
public transport as well as provision of infrastructure for EV-users> For meeting short-term requirements: Use of different EV-types
and brands & also converted EV> Use of electric mobility in different sectors (public transport, fleets)
within common mobility strategy> Participation in tendering procedures for subsidies &
demonstration projects to accelerate market implementation
Geschäfts-modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme Geschäfts-
modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme
Geschäfts-modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme
Berlin Hamburg Vorarlberg
Geschäfts-modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme
Geschäfts-modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme
Geschäfts-modell
Abrechnungs-konzept
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Pionier
Stromtank-stellen
Fahrzeug-einsatz
Förder-programme
Salzburg Denmark London
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
NEV Political Initiatives I
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
NEV Political Initiatives II
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer Source: Xiao Chengwei, Tianjin
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Visit at TEPCO, Tokyo, 6. Sept. 2010
CHA De MO: De facto standard for DC fast charging
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
1. Introduction
2. Why e-mobility, several arguments
3. Austrian EV activities
4. European Fleet Test & experience
5. R&D Demand
6. Business models
7. Summary
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Battery is key element for suitable range!
Source: ETG-Fachbericht 2008
Optimisation of electrode material
Li-Ion technology brought thebreaktrough in range
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer Source: Yuan Li
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer Source: Yao Zhang, ATL
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer Source: Yao Zhang, ATL
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer Source Mo-Yua Yang
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Development: Motor withintegrated Inverter (90 kVA)
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
1. Introduction
2. Why e-mobility, several arguments
3. Austrian EV activities
4. European Fleet Test & experience
5. R&D Demand
6. Business models
7. Summary
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Four main e-mobility electricity supply market structures can be considered (for the public charging)
Charging stationsDistribution Retail
E-mobility electricity supply market structures
1) Value Added Services were not considered because they are not expected to significantly influence the fit between electricity and mobility markets
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"Business as usual" – current electricity supply market structure is kept
Separeted Infrastructure- stand alone charging network operator and open/competitive electricity retail
“Monopoly"
"Oil like" (fragmented network ownership)
Retailer owned charging network models
Description
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Value added services1)
Source: Rui Marques, edp
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Market model: Is the description of the market including necessary regulatory elements. At EU Member States they are different; ideally the market models should be the same across all. The market model represents the different interactions among the various market participantsunder the given economic (& regulatory) market forces.
Business Model: Based on the market model, market players can develop their own business models and services in a competitive environment. The business model describes the different components and operation of a certain business together with the revenues and expenses the business generates.
Deep Analysis necessary for findingindividual fitting business model necessary!
Electric vehicle (customer view):Investment, operation costs, fuel/energy costs, maintanance, insurance, taxes, battery, losses, …Infrastructure & electricity:Station for loading at home, private parking place,Garage and Parking operators, High investmentfor public chargers, fast charger, battery swappingElectric vehicle (manufacturer, components):battery, battery management systempower electronics (motor controller and charger)and drive motor
Development of costs as function of learning curve!Define individual business models (battery leasing, car sharing, integrated mobility concepts, V2G, …Regulatory framework
your homework … relating to your specificbusiness to find individual best solution
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VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
1. Introduction
2. Why e-mobility, several arguments
3. Austrian EV activities
4. European Fleet Test & experience
5. R&D Demand
6. Business models
7. Summary
VERBUND HI / Gerd Schauer
Summary
E-mobility is highly interdisciplinary -> There is a need for strong technologicalplatforms
Pilot tests show -> Common Standards necessary (instead of singular solutions)
E-mobility is international –> Cooperation projects are needed … !
E-mobility is not mature -> research activities are necessary and funding is a keyelement for successful implementation
Battery is a key element
Need for support of infrastructure and EV for market introduction
Develop legal and fiscal framework for implementation of EV
E-mobility becomes reality … and is not a 3rd hype!