Future forms

FUTURE FORMS

Jelgava State GymnasiumAgita Ozoliņa

Future Forms

FUTURE FORMS

FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL)

BE GOING TO

FUTURE CONTINUOUS(WILL BE +ing)

FUTURE PERFECT(WILL HAVE +past

participle)

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

(WILL HAVE BEEN +ing)

PRESENT SIMPLE(future meaning)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

(future meaning)

Will

Formwill + infinitive

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: He will play football.He'll play football.Negative sentences:He will not play football.He won't play football. or He'll not play football. Questions:Will he play football?

I have a nice dress!

I will go to the party

tonight!

WillDecision taken at the moment of speaking. Since it’s getting dark I will turn on the light.

Facts about the future. I’ll be 18 next year.

Hopes, fears, treats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, request, comments. (esp. with: expect, think, hope, believe, I’m sure, I’m afraid,probably etc.)

I hope I’will do it.She’ll probably be promoted.I’ll always love you.

Predictions not based on present evidence. It will rain tomorrow.She’ll probably be promoted.

Prediction based on smb. belief.Prediction based on smb.expierence.

I’m sure your German teacher will be disappointed that you’ve decided not to study German.They will come late, as always. (they always come late.)

“Present habit” (predictable behaviour) A lion will never attack an elephant.

In conditional Clause (in the main part) If you sit by the fire, you will feel warmer.

WILL

I left the door open. I will close it right now.

(In the restaurant)

W :What would you like to drink?

I will have a cup of coffee, please.

Did you call Sue?

No, I forgot it.

I will call her tonight

Decisions at the time of

speaking

Don’t worry. I will help you with your homework.

I will love you forever.

You will be richOffers

Promises

Predictions

Future ContinuousForm

will/won’t + be +ing

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will be going to Riga at 10 o’clock tonight.

Negative sentences:I (he, she, it, we, you, they) will not (won’t) be going to Riga at 10 o’clock tonight.

Questions:Will you (he, she, it, we, they) be going to Riga at 10 o’clock tonight?

Future ContinuousTo talk about activities which will be in progress at a certain time in the future.

He will be sunbathing in Hawaii this time next week.Tom will be attending the conference next month.They'll be shopping all afternoon.I'll be working late at the office tonight.

To talk about an activity that will continue over a period of time from now into the future (an activity in progress that started at the present moment or at some time around the present moment)

They'll be studying until 5 o'clock.She'll be playing tennis until she gets tired.

To talk about future events which are very likely to happen or activities which happen as a routine.

They will be staying with their family. (they always do that)

To ask politely about people’s plans to ask to do smt for them.

Will you be using your computer today? (because I’d like to work on it)Will you be going to the supermarket? Can you buy me some tea?

Future Continuous

• Stative verbs (know, believe, forget, like, want) do not take – ing.

Will you be travelling on your own, or will you want to go with some friends?

This time tomorrow I will know the exam results.

Be going toForm

(am, is are) + going to +infinitive

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: I am (I’m) going to play football.He, she, it is going to play football.We, you, they are going to play football.

Negative sentences:I am not (I’m not) going to play football.He, she, it is not (isn’t) going to play football.We, you, they are not (aren’t) going to play football.

Questions:Is he (she, it ) going to play football?Are we (you, they) going to play football?

Be going toActions intended to be performed in the near future .

What are you going to do this afternoon?I’m going to write some letters. And you?

She’s going to visit her parent’s tomorrow.She is visiting her parents tomorrow.

Planned actions or intensions. (it may change) Now that they’ve settled in their new house, they’re going to have a party.Barbara is going to become a scientist. (but it may change)

To express a prediction based on something we can observe now.

It’s cloudy. It’s going to rain.She is pregnant. She’s going to have a baby.

With go and come we use Present Continuous rather than “be going to”.

She is going to London next week. RATHER THAN She’s going to go to London next week.

I AM GOING TO : I HAVE DECIDED TO DO STH.

Today, I am going to drive my new motorcycle, then I am going to phone my best friend and finally I am going to read my favourite novel.

IS GOING TO HAPPEN: The situation now make us believe that.

Look at those black clouds!

It’s going to rain.

She is pregnant.

She is going to have a baby.

PREDICTIONS WITH PRESENT EVIDENCE

Present Continuous (future meaning)Form

(am, is are) + ing

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: I am (I’m) seeing my dentist this week.He, she is seeing his (her) dentist this week.We, you, they are seeing the dentist this week.

Negative sentences:I am not (I’m not) seeing my dentist this week.He, she is not (isn’t) seeing his (her) dentist this week.We, you, they are not (aren’t) seeing the dentist this week.

Questions:Is he (she, it) seeing his (her) dentist this week?Are you (they )seeing your (their) dentist this week?

Present Continuous (future meaning)To talk about future events we have already arranged. We often specify the date, time, time/ or the place.

They are flying to New York on Monday. (they have already bought the tickets)I can’t come tomorrow. I’m studying for my history exam with Robert. (we have already arranged to study together tomorrow)

Actions intended to be performed in the near future .

What are you doing tonight? We are going to disco.

Present Simple(future meaning)

• I arrive, it arrives• I don’t arrive, he doesn’t arrive...• Do you arrive...? Does it arrive ...?

Timetables/ programmes

What time does the concert start?It starts at 7 p.m.

The plane reaches London at 9.45.In conditional Clause (in the second part)

If you sit by the fire, you will feel warmer.

Hurry up! The train leaves in two hours.

Future Perfect

Form will have + past participle

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.Negative sentences:You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S.Questions:Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the

U.S.?

Future Perfect

The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past in the future.

It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

By next November, I will have received my promotion.By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests. She will have been back by the end of July.

The train leaves the station at 9am. You arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive, the train will have left.

NOTE!!!By or not...until/till are used with Future Perfect.Until/ till are normally used with Future Perfect only in negative sentences.

She will have finished by 8 o’clock.She won’t have finished until 8 o’clock.

Future Perfect Continuous

Form will have been + ing

ExamplesAffirmative sentences: You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane

finally arrives.Negative sentences:You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her

plane finally arrives.Questions:Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane

finally arrives?

Future Perfect ContinuousWe use the Future Perfect Continuous to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Friday" are all durations which can be used with the Future Perfect Continuous. Notice that the duration stops at or before a reference point in the future.

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives.James will have been teaching at the university for more than a year by the time he leaves for Asia.A: When you finish your English course, will you have been living in New Zealand for over a year?B: No, I will not have been living here that long.

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Future Continuous rather than the Future Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Future Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Future Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the future. He will be tired because he will be exercising so hard.This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will be exercising at that exact moment in the future. He will be tired because he will have been exercising so hard.This sentence emphasizes that he will be tired because he will have been exercising for a period of time. It is possible that he will still be exercising at that moment OR that he will just have finished.

Time words with no Future forms

• We never use future forms after: when (time conjunction), while, before, until, by the time, if (conditional), as soon as, after etc.

• We can use when or if +will if “when” is a question word and “if” means “whether”.

She’ll send us a letter when she has time.

BUTWhen will he meet us?I don’t know if he will accept. (= whether)

Time expressions used with:Will/Be going to/ Future Continuous

Tomorrow, tonight, next week/month, in two/three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon,in a week/month etc.

Future Perfect Before, by, by then, by the time, until (is used only in negative sentences with this tense)

Future Perfect Continuous By... for By next year he will have been working here for two years.

Thank you for your attention!