Fundamentals of Measurement Gas

Fundamentals Fundamentals of of

Gas Measurement Gas Measurement

By By Harry Pytel Harry Pytel

Canadian Meter Company Inc. Canadian Meter Company Inc.

Introduction Introduction

n n Gas Measurement is the metering of gas Gas Measurement is the metering of gas supplies to residential,commercial and supplies to residential,commercial and industrial premises and is the process which industrial premises and is the process which determines how much gas has been used. determines how much gas has been used.

n n Ultimately it determines how much revenue Ultimately it determines how much revenue will be realized by the Gas Utility. will be realized by the Gas Utility.

TYPES OF METERS TYPES OF METERS

n n Diaphragm Diaphragm Positive Displacement Positive Displacement n n Rotary Rotary Positive Displacement Positive Displacement n n Turbine Turbine Inferential Inferential n n Orifice Plate Orifice Plate Inferential Inferential n n Ultrasonic Ultrasonic Inferential Inferential

Metering Metering Types of Meters Types of Meters

n n A. Positive Displacement A. Positive Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary – – 3. Wet Test 3. Wet Test


n n A. Positive A. Positive Displacement Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm

Diaphragm Meters Diaphragm Meters

n n Components Components – – Body Body – – Diaphragms Diaphragms – – Linkage Linkage – – Valve Covers & Seats Valve Covers & Seats – – Index Index


n n Principles of Operation Principles of Operation

Diaphragm Meter Series Diaphragm Meter Series

n n 175 175 n n 200 200 n n 400 400 n n 600 600 n n 750 750 n n 800 800 n n 1000 1000


n n Industrial Industrial – – AL AL 1400 1400 – – AL AL 2300 2300 – – AL AL 5000 5000 – – R R 3000 3000 – – R R 5000 5000 – – R R 10,000 10,000

DIAPHRAGM METER DIAPHRAGM METER OPTIONS OPTIONS

n n Automatic Meter Automatic Meter Reading Reading

n n Pulse Output Pulse Output


n n Manufacturers Manufacturers – – Canadian Meter Canadian Meter – – Invensys Invensys – – Schlumberger Schlumberger – – National National

Metering Metering Proving Proving

Meter Proving and Proof Meter Proving and Proof

n n Diaphragm meters are proved/calibrated Diaphragm meters are proved/calibrated on either a Bell prover or a Sonic Nozzle on either a Bell prover or a Sonic Nozzle prover. prover.

n n The accuracy of the diaphragm meter is The accuracy of the diaphragm meter is defined in percent accuracy , percent proof defined in percent accuracy , percent proof or error. or error.

Metering Metering Types of Meters Types of Meters n n A. Positive Displacement A. Positive Displacement

– – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary – – 3. Wet Test 3. Wet Test

Wet Test Meters Wet Test Meters

n n Wet Test Meter Wet Test Meter – – A,B,C,D A,B,C,D Metering Metering Compartments Compartments

– – a,b,c,d a,b,c,d Compartment Inlets Compartment Inlets

– – a a’ ’,b ,b’ ’,c ,c’ ’,d ,d’ ’ Compartment Outlets Compartment Outlets

– – E E Gas Inlet Gas Inlet

Metering Metering Types of Meters Types of Meters n n A. Positive A. Positive Displacement Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary

Rotary Meter Rotary Meter

n n Components Components – – Impellers Impellers – – Cylinder Cylinder – – Headplates Headplates – – Timing Gears Timing Gears and Magnetic and Magnetic Drive Drive

– – Index Index – – TC Module TC Module


n n Principles of Operation Principles of Operation – – Demand initiates flow Demand initiates flow through the meter. Left through the meter. Left impeller turns counter impeller turns counter clockwise and right clockwise and right impeller turns clockwise. impeller turns clockwise.


n n Principles of Principles of Operation Operation – – A definite volume of A definite volume of gas is captured by the gas is captured by the left impeller. left impeller.


n n Principles of Principles of Operation Operation – – Measuring cavity Measuring cavity opens releasing the opens releasing the captured gas captured gas downstream. downstream.


n n Principles of Principles of Operation Operation – – The meter cycles four The meter cycles four times completing one times completing one revolution. revolution.


n n Meter Meter Capacity Capacity n n Size Size (CFH) (CFH)

– – 8C 8C 800 800 – – 9C 9C 900 900 – – 1M 1M 1000 1000 – – 11C 11C 1100 1100 – – 15C 15C 1500 1500 – – 2M 2M 2000 2000 – – 2.5M 2.5M 2500 2500 – – 3M 3M 3000 3000 – – 3.5M 3.5M 3500 3500

n n Meter Meter Capacity Capacity n n Size Size (CFH) (CFH)

– – 5.5M 5.5M 5500 5500 – – 6M 6M 6000 6000 – – 7M 7M 7000 7000 – – 9M 9M 9000 9000 – – 11M 11M 11000 11000 – – 16M 16M 16000 16000 – – 23M 23M 23000 23000 – – 56M 56M 56000 56000 – – 102M 102M 102000 102000

Rotary Meters Rotary Meters

n n Installation Installation – – Filter or Strainer Filter or Strainer – – Use Non Use Non lubricating lubricating Valves Valves

– – Level Set Level Set ( (+ +1/16 1/16” ”/Foot) /Foot)

– – Impellers Move Impellers Move Freely Freely


n n Manufacturers Manufacturers – – Canadian Meter Canadian Meter – – Instromet Instromet – – Dresser Dresser – – Romet Romet

Metering Metering Types of Meters Types of Meters n n A. Positive A. Positive Displacement Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary – – 3. Wet Test 3. Wet Test

n n Inferential Inferential – – 4. Turbine 4. Turbine

Turbine Meter Turbine Meter

n n Components Components – – Body Body – – Measuring Mechanism Measuring Mechanism – – Output and Readout Device Output and Readout Device


n n Principles of Principles of Operation Operation – – Velocity Meter Velocity Meter – – The faster the gas The faster the gas flows through the flows through the meter, the faster the meter, the faster the rotor turns. rotor turns.


n n Gas velocity Gas velocity increases as the increases as the diffuser decreases the diffuser decreases the cross cross sectional area sectional area of flow. This of flow. This improves low end improves low end performance of the performance of the meter. meter.


Pressure (PSIG)

3” 45º (SCFH)

4” – 45º (SCFH)

6” – 45º (SCFH)

8” 45º (SCFH)

0.25 10,000 18,000 35,000 60,000

50 44,000 80,000 154,000 265,000

100 79,000 142,000 276,000 474,000

200 150,000 271,000 526,000 902,000

500 379,000 695,000 1,328,000 2,276,000

Based on P atm = 14.37 psia & P base = 14.73 psia


n n Options Options – – High Frequency Inductive Pulser High Frequency Inductive Pulser – – Dual Rotor Dual Rotor Self Testing Self Testing – – Instrument Drive Instrument Drive – – Electronic Corrector Electronic Corrector


n n Installation Installation – – Recommended Recommended


n n Typical Installation Typical Installation


n n Manufacturers Manufacturers – – Canadian Meter Canadian Meter – – Instromet Instromet – – Equimeter Equimeter – – Daniel Daniel


n n A. Positive A. Positive Displacement Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary – – 3. Wet Test 3. Wet Test

n n B. Inferential B. Inferential – – 4. Turbine 4. Turbine – – 5. Orifice 5. Orifice

Orifice Meters Orifice Meters

n n Q=C Q=C’ ’{(h {(h w w x (p x (p f f )} )} 1/2 1/2

n n Where Where – – Q = Volume MSCF Q = Volume MSCF – – h h w w = Differential = Differential Pressure ( Pressure (“ “w.c.) w.c.)

– – p p f f = Static Pressure = Static Pressure (PSIA) (PSIA)

– – C C’ ’ = = F F b b xF xF r r xYxF xYxF pb pb xF xF tb tb xF xF tf tf x x F F g g xF xF pv pv xF xF m m xF xF a a xF xF l l


n n A. Positive Displacement A. Positive Displacement – – 1. Diaphragm 1. Diaphragm – – 2. Rotary 2. Rotary – – 3. Wet Test 3. Wet Test

n n Inferential Inferential – – 4. Turbine 4. Turbine – – 5. Orifice 5. Orifice – – 6. Other Methods 6. Other Methods

Other Methods Other Methods Ultrasonic Metering Ultrasonic Metering n n Manufacturers Manufacturers

– – Instromet Instromet – – Daniel Daniel

Instrumentation Instrumentation

n n Electronic Correctors Electronic Correctors

Instrumentation Instrumentation

n n Benefits of Electronic Devices Benefits of Electronic Devices – – Improved Accuracy ( Improved Accuracy (+ + 0.5%) 0.5%) – – Ease of Calibration Ease of Calibration – – Acquire, Process, Store and Send Data Acquire, Process, Store and Send Data – – Audit Trail Audit Trail – – Reports and Alarms Reports and Alarms – – Communication Options Communication Options

Thank you!

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Fundamentals of Measurement Gas

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