Florida State Department of Agriculture Nathan Mayo, Commissioner Florida State Marketing Bureau ithodes, Commissi FLORIDA STATE MARKETING BUREAU ANNUAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLE REPORT 1941-42 SEASON (Also General Crop Statistics) By Frank H. Scruggs, Market News Specialist Released October 1, 1942 FEDERAL - STATE MARKET NEWS STATIONS 1941-42 Season Jacksonville Distribution News Center Jacksonville All Fruits & Vegetables Lakeland All Citrus Sanford Celery, Cabbage, Escarole Pompano Beans, Potatoes, Peppers Tomatoes and Miscellaneous Belle Glade Beans, Celery, Peas, Potatoes Tomatoes and Miscellaneous Plant City Strawberries, Peppers, Cucum- bers, Tomatoes, Miscellaneous Hastings Potatoes and Cabbage Leesburg Watermelons Gainesville Watermelons 1941 - 42 Disposition of Florida Fruits and Vegetables
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Florida State Department of Agriculture
Nathan Mayo, Commissioner
Florida State Marketing Bureau
ithodes, Commissi
FLORIDA STATE MARKETING BUREAU
ANNUAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLE REPORT
1941-42 SEASON
(Also General Crop Statistics)
By Frank H. Scruggs, Market News Specialist
Released October 1, 1942
FEDERAL - STATEMARKET NEWS STATIONS
1941-42 Season
Jacksonville Distribution News Center
Jacksonville All Fruits & Vegetables
Lakeland All Citrus
Sanford Celery, Cabbage, Escarole
Pompano Beans, Potatoes, PeppersTomatoes and Miscellaneous
Belle Glade Beans, Celery, Peas, PotatoesTomatoes and Miscellaneous
Plant City Strawberries, Peppers, Cucum-bers, Tomatoes, Miscellaneous
Hastings Potatoes and Cabbage
Leesburg Watermelons
Gainesville Watermelons
1941 - 42 Disposition of
Florida Fruits and Vegetables
A C K.H-0 W.L E D G M E N T
We wish to acknowledge the splendid cooperation we receivedfrom' both official and. private- sources during the preparation of:this voluminous statistical report;
'The" freight, boat and express carlot shipment figures weresecured' from the U.S.Agricultural Marketing Administration in Washington
• Truck' shipment' or road guard station passing information was'received d'a'ily throughout the season from Road Guard Inspectors of theFlorida Department of -Agriculture by courtesy of Ho.n. Nathan Mayo,Commissioner. •
Exhaustive vegetable, acreage, yield, production and value dataand other assistance was supplied by Mr. J. C. Townound, Jr.c.nd Mr. J. M.
Koepper, Agricultural Statisticians, U.S.Bureau of Agricultural Eco-nomics, Federal Building, Orlando, Florida.
Mr. E. E»- Raasch of the Citrus Inspection .Bureau, FloridaDepartment of Agriculture, ' Winter Haven, Florida, supplied us withimportant inspection record data and other information.
Mr..H. F. Willson of' the Federal-State Market Hews Service,Lakeland, Florida, was the source of certain citrus information.
Mr.^.C. E. Felix, of the Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, whole-heartedly, .complied with our requests for specified citrus information,which -is -difficult to 'obtain from any other sources*
\\ 'MrV. 'Marvin H, Walker, Secretary-Manager of the Florida CitrusCommission, Lakeland, Florida, supplied certain citrus data.
Other .information, of importance wa-s received from the FloridaState YXzu-i' Board',' .Gainesville, the Florida Canners Association andIndependent- •Camvers; and considerable miscellaneous information basedon U . S .• Census " Report's'. ""'."...
.". Several -private- -agencies' and individuals not already mentionedcooperated and supplied Us ' with' certain bits of information we needed,
for which we extend our .thanks..; • "
Tho-pr-c-para-tion 'of this 'report, is tedious and requires muchthought- and long, hard work, ' and 'appreciation is extended to our
Bureau ' staff .' for. .their efforts-.
• 'Comments 'which 'would lead to the improvement of this
Annual Report would be appreciated.
GENERAL TABLE OF CONTENTS
CITRUS FRUITS ONLY (ORANGES. GRAPEFRUIT & TANGERINES)
Volume and Value Analysis of 191+1-1+2 Season 1+- 5Volume and Value Analysis for 10 Seasons 8-11Boat Shipments 1938-39 to 191+1-1+2 Seasons.
.. ^Destinations ) . • t22
Truck Shipments through Road Guard Stations' (Interstate Shipments)............ 23Boat Shipments from Florida Ports......... ......... 2J>
Truck Destinations 1938-39 to 191+1-1+2 Seasons Q~2%Distributions by All Means of Transportation I9I+O-I+I ................. 2b-2?
Tree to Auction Costs I9I+C-I+I and 191+1-1+2 1+1
Auction Receipts and Sales 1936-37 to 191+1-1+2 ..". 1+2F.O.B. Florida Prices 1909-10 to 191+1-1+2 by Years 1+3F.0.3. Prices 1939-1+0 to 191+1-1+2 by Months (Unofficial) 1+1+-1+5
Canners Paying Prices I93I-I9I+2. 1+5Trees Bearing I9I+O-I+I •• bkProduction Average by Counties 65
VEGETABLES AND MISCELLANEOUS FRUITS ONLY
Truck Shipments by Weeks I9I+I-I+2 Season, Oct. 16-May 10(No record My 10-Jly3l) 28-29Truck Passings by Road Guard Stations, Oct. 16-May lO(Nw record Hay 11-July 31
)
30Truck Destinations by Staise Groups 31 "39Acreage Summary *.......*... 1+.6
Acreage by Counties 1937 to 191+2, Fall, Winter and Spr ing 1+7-53Acreages 1925-26 to 191+1-1+2 5^-55Acreage, Yield and Value of Selected Commodities 56-59F.O.B. Packed Value 1928-29 to 191+1-1+2, Selected Commodities 62Lime Summary and Statistics, Persian, Key and Lakeland Varieties... 63 & 66Important Counties of Production by Truck 80-81
SOME OTHER FRUIT AND VEGETABLE INFORMATION
General Summary of Fruits and Vegetables for 191+1-1+2 (and lQl+2-1+3) 1- 3Citrus, Non-Citrus, and Vegetables, Volume and Value for I9I+I-I+2 Season....... 6- 7Transportation Summary 191+1-1+2 and Outlook for 191+2-1+3.. 12-13Freight, Express, Boat, and Truck Transportation for I9I+.I-I+2 Season 11+-21Weights and Packages per Car for I9I+I-Z+2 Season 1+0Acreage of Fruits and Vegetables for 191+1-1+2 Season 60-61
FIELD CROPS. LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
Summary of General Crop Statistics 67General Crop Statistics I920-I9I+I, Corn to Pecans 68-69Livestock Volume and Farm Value 1920-191+1 70Milk, Eggs and Poultry 1920-191+1 .. i 71Tobacco Acreage, Production and Value 1937-191+2 , 72Jacksonville Market for Eggs and Poultry 1921-191+2. 73Jacksonville Market for Livestock 1930-191+2 75Price Report June 15, 191+2 for General Crops 71+
MISCELLANEOUS AGRTniTT.TITRAi. TTJFORMATTON
Important Livestock Counties by Rank 76Important Poultry Counties by Rank(And.Hcnoy) ». 77Important Counties of Production for Field Crops 78Peoan Production in s lor ida( By Counties
)
79All Vegetable Acreage by_Most Important Counties 80Fruits and Nuts by Most Important Counties 81Commercial Canning of Fruits and Vegetables..... 82-83
FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURESTATE MARKETING BUREAU
1941-42ANNUAL FRUIT AND VEGETABLE REPORT
By Frank H. Scruggs, , Market News Specialist.
Volume and Value All Fruits and Vegetables
The commodity information is all in and our final figures aredetermined and- we -are pleased to report that the 1941-42 season show-ed a production volume of 200,308 carloads of fruits and vegetableswith a gross shipping point value of .,,143,278,840. Rather than makerunning comparisons the figures for other years are set forth asfollows
:
Carload Shipping Point GrossProduction Gross Value Per Carload
Both 1940-41 and 1941-42 exceptional in both volume and grossvalue. The poorest year in history was not in 1932-33 as many wouldsuspect, but in 1938-39 when we had a production volume of 220,975carloads at only VJ460 per carload. It hardly seems necessary to ex-plain that carload production means the equivalent of carloads pro-duced and not carloads shipped out of the State.
Weather conditions in 1941-42 were unusual, as usual with verybad growing and harvesting conditions at times, especially for vege-tables. Still the average conditions could not have been bad or wewould not have harvested 70,1-91 carloads of vegetables, an increaseof 20;^ above 1940-41, while the acreage increase was only 16?o. Citrusproduction was off 17 per cent, but this was not caused altogetherby 1941-42 season weather.
The purchasing power throughout the nation was much abovenormal and our fruits and vegetables moved at better prices than usual.
CITRUS DOES ALL RIGHTAfter a poor start, due to warm, wet weather in the fall when
wc needed cool, crisp conditions, the season's marketing moved alonggenerally satisfactorily* -The -demand w-as-bctter than usual for fruitmoving into fresh as well as canned channels and there was a result-ing increase in over all gross returns per box. The season's pricesdid not get as high as' expected duo to several adverse factors aris-ing from our "entering the war. Still there was no general complaintas to cither gross or net returns. Comparative tables are shown below:
ALL CITRUS
igo 2
Page 3
The prospective disposition of the 1942-43 fruit and; vegetablecrops' is", shown in some detail on page 13>.un«}er transportation summary.
;. The official forecast for citrus 1
' will' not be;- released untilOctober 10^ which is too late for this rgport, ;We hear various, unoffi-cial ^estimates such as the following." • !':
,! -,
:.':•- No.l I No 1 2[ .. ..i
Ho-. 3'
' Orsang£s ';
. .33,000,000 31,BOO~7O0O ,.' '52,500 -
,000, -Grlapefruit .' 24,000,000 251,000,000 ! 24,500,000! Tangerines i. 3,000,000
:2 >, 800,000 .]
'! ;'3, 500,000Total Boxes 60,000/000.' 58^300,000 . I 60,500,000
ijo.2 estimate seems too lowrfor the grand total • I;
LABOR;
-Much' thought has-been given to tjiia ; matter; by growers-, Govern-ment officials, and- others interested in full- production : and in.-geotingoUr fruits and -vegetables harvested and to; rfrarket without:. too, much • •
wastajge. [Congress has gotten busy on this- problem pnji some changes -indraft 1 status of farm worke*rs may be made^ Labor! -pools, both intrastateand interstate, are discussed. The servipe.si.of ^school boys and! girls,-in la'rger numbers, might be requested. ;, Thej aompietiitlbn for labor iskejen and jits higher "cost will.- certainly increase, groiving cost's*
CRATE- MATERIALS Although there has be eh in<3 iiarkeel Shortage in -woodenContainers so jfar in Florida, the shortage; i's
:
likely^ to ,occur«:
Bruceboxes';,- which Require considerable quantities- of \vire ;
,_may.be most
affected* More- sacks of cotton and paper! may be;- used-.' The- labor situa-tion worries the crate mills just as it doles everyone elsp trying tocarry-.oh ; business. Crate materials will c;o
;
st, more and this 'jeefst'must beabsorbed ;by the' grower or passed on to th'et consumer. :
'
;
!- 1: \ / 1
&- . F i \. •;..-! ; : |
*• J .1
CANNING MATERIALS . The writer has no late; informaticm-qni-th^s .'problem.Many citrus canners and official representatives have been; trying to';-.
gelt tin cans for a large canning season. jWath ; such' a! .large. Citrus crop,wq nepd to -can at least 17,600,000 boxes ••of citrus ; during: the 1942-43,season, '^his is' equivalent to 44,000 carloads ' and if . it .is- not .canned'or. otherwise processed some of it will likely;.rot on- the ground.
PRICE : PARITY -"" Many people do not understand the meaning of parity andcomparable prices, and who can wonder, Comparable prices arc .establishedby, and 7adjusted' by the Secretary of Agriculture when thero'^i.s insuffi-cient-data to Icovcr the commodity for the. parity period. Growing con-:dijtiohs; jpacking-and marketing practices and costs .have changed somulch since -the; period' 1909-14,. and official .data was so .scarce 'on- -
fruits, some vegetables and some other commodities that it was neces-sary to establish a ."Comparable Price" rather than a -Parity Price . Thefollowing- is a; fairly good description of- parity, to wit- '.'Parity is anabstraction, that the- U.S. Department of Agriculture computc-s- c;v«ery monj:hon; the balsis of information it gets from : 20,*PO,0. reporters :l) thecurrent priccs
: of every major farm crop:2) ; the costs of 174: things thefarmer buys- fbod, clothing, furnishings,- so-ed, ' feed; machinery, ferti-lizer} The figures arc averaged by States, : then nationally, .then com-
:
pared;witih figures that! show what farmers gojt ' for their produce, andpaid out for necessities between Aug. 1,1909,-' and July 31,1914.. Theobjec^ of parijty; to give farmers the same purchasing power .now thatthby :
l|iad In thtit period.
"
'•\
''" \ 'The only important foodstuffs excepted' from the _ how piricc
ceiling legislation appear to be fresh fish, peanuts, and most fruitsand vbgotabloSj, which may b'o
4- (Treated later' on. a seasonal basis.-
Comparable prices for citrus by grades and uses will.be established.
It further appears that the new .regulations will 1
. .'bu:
elasticenough to: prevent gross inequities and permit the growers
;t6 continue
to produce the ; commodities* needed In the .war. effort. .
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•
Page 11
a
Page 12&TRANSPORTATION
The writer knows of no outlodk more difficult to discuss than transportation, particularly by truck. Boat shipments during the 191+1-1+2 season will bnegligible, possibly a very few from Tampa to Gulf ports and perhaps ; a veryfew to the Yfost .Indies. There will be no domestic coastwise shipments fromFlorida ports to. Northern ports if present war orders remain in -effect.But before going into the transportation for 1-91+2-1+3 , let us review the191+1-1+2 season.
.. .. . Rail Shipments , ....The railroads of Florida mdvad 96,1+87 carloads of fresh fruits and
vegetables by freight and 181+0 by LCL express, ; making a total of 98,327carloads, the heaviest Florida fruit and vegetable rail shipments on record.The 1937-38 season, when we had a fair size citrus crop and a very largevegetable crop, the rail movement was close t° 98,000 and in 1938-39 , with a
.
very large eitrus crop and a. large; vegetable crop, the railroad movement was •
almost 98#000.. The fruit and vegetable crop in I9I+I-I+2 was , fairly large butthe extra heavy rail movement may .be attributed to the fact that many boatswere taken out of the Florida service before: the season started and all fruitand vegetable boat 'movement to Eastern ports was stopped after th.° first weekin Fobruary.. It developed that the railroads 'g'ot most if 'not all of thismovement which would have gona out by boat under normal conditions. In allfairness to the railroads, it is acknowledged that they did a good job,particularly under conditions which were not -ideal from a transportationstandpoint.- •
'•«.'"'.'*!
'•
Boat Movement . .. ...-••Only 1817 carloads of citrus and 10 carlpads of miscellaneous vegetables
and fruits- went out of Florida in I9I+I-I+2 as ^ Compared to 17,7U3 and' 1569 car-loads in the I9I+O-I+I season. The reason for ', this *is discuss"ed above inconnection "with rail shipments.
Truck Shipments
Interstate truck shipments in 191+1—1^-2 season showed 13,690 carloads forcitrus and; 23,81+9 for vegetables .and miscellaheous fruits' and a total "of
37,539 carloads. This was- not a bsjd showing for. trucks,, ..They, failed tocarry as much ^citrus as usual, but 'the movement -of vegetables and miscellaneousfruits was 1
-a. few car loads' above' the record. .
: L.' C. L. Express ' ' '
"'
;, Regardles-s of what 'happens, these packages express shipments go 'on aboutthe same. ., The 191+1 -1+2 volume was made up mostly of gift packages of citrusfruit and soirtd high price vegetables for a special trade, and somo e,arly andlate shipments from North Florida whore cars could not be loaded, or: fromsmall, producers at isolated stations. "-..' . !
<'
1•.:.:-•••«
.•....-".•< •- • ••
•
;
General Distribution
Flerida fruits and vegetables Appeared to; have had just at least as widea distribution as ever. A total of ' thilU5 carloads of'citrus moved out by allmeans of transportation, as compared- to 86,3.73i carloads in 191+0-1+1 or approxi-mately 87$ -as; much. The cars offered at auction . in I9I+I-I+2 were 26, 51^3carloads or approximately £7. per. cent as much as the 30,511 carloads in I9I4.O-I+I.
Wo. have heard;" much' of the theory that a large: boat movement to New York- over-supplied the New York market, but 'this 191+1-1+2-,season with practically no boatmovbmentjNow York got ll+,72l+: carloads *or 95 P<?r cent as much as. the 16,51+9carlodds*in: I9I+O-I+I, Several of the oth;jr markets - also got more than their:proportion' of [ the citrus crop. Truck distribution ,-of. citrus was lighter than-,usual and npt. quite as wide spread^ jwhile the 'Vegetable and non-citrus .truckmovement, was slightly heavier. Thetfe were not
';
quite as many northwesternhauls but there was as much going ;ta the South i East, North Central andSouthwest states- as usual," *'Auction receipts^; .
s Transportation.Outlook, for ' 191+2 -1+5 Season
No one; knows ^ust how new wartime -regulations will affect transportation,but the writer believes that the fruits and vegetables, will' find transportationsome how, some way. Transportation will not be as efficient perhaps arid over-loading and- delays may cause some deterioration in conditions of the product onit arrivals i, -The grower, in -instancies , might possibly have to regulate.hisharvesting -to transportation available or vice versa. But we have not come allthe way to- 'that bridge yet and we may hot have'. to; cross it. In spite, of rubberand truck depreciation the nation still has 1 a : l'arge number of running trucks.Such a small percentage of total U>S* trucks hoiye'-been .used- in moving: Floridafruits and vegetables, that even if many of them are getting off the roadsthere may sj5i.ll. be .enough for. Florida, Unless' they are forbidden to, or overregulated, insufficient number of them will be; drawn to Florida if earningprospects are good enough.
•
•"'''• '•: Page 13
There is less economic reason to ship citrus by truck than .there is forvegetables and the truck movement of citrus could drop off -with' less damagingeftect. But if citrus prices perchance should be considerably lower than lastyear the movement of citrus by trucks to nearby States night increase. There.,are well founded marketing reasons for using trucks for vegetables and I doubtif the truck movement will fall more than 10 or 15 per cent. • Most of the-trucker's talk I hear indicates that the truck movement will be off at 'least25 per cent. Take your choice, the majority is usually but not always right.
Instead of freight cars being loaded at an average of 1x07 boxes" por car asthis year, the average loadings under unlooked for nocessity could be $11'boxes tho coming season and 35-1/3 P^r cont less cars would bb used. Bothrefrigerator and' ventilated box cars could possibly bo loaded as high as 61+0boxes, but no' ono who knows citrus recommends this. There would bo 'littleventilation and the fruit might show much breakdown on market arrival. Thereis no reason to expect rail cars to be that scarce this season.' TheAssociation of America Railroads, tho Office of Dofense Transportation endtho individual Railroads are all working on tho problem of cars. There isnow a refrigerator car pool which covers tho entiro nation. There has beenlittle, if any, shortage any whore during July, August, and September.Refrigerator cars will not bo usod for other commodities- if noedod for strictlyperishables. Many not so perishable commodities havo in rocent ; ydars beenshipped in refrigerator cars. :-. '"ji
If refrigerator cars run short then ventilated box cars may bo substituted.More than 8800 ventilated box cars moved out last season to, s.outhorn points andeven into the north. This was a jump of 1+000 carloads over tho I9I+O-I+I season.
The Office of Defense Transportation has ruled that ventilated box carsand refrigerator, cars must be loaded as heavy as can be dono with reasonablesafety to tho produce within. What is safe and what is unsafe will h-w-z to ;
bo determined from,:time to. time, <•'..;; !....";*
Tho transportation analysis below is worked out from a more or los's:
.
theoretical standpoint, particularly as regards tho I9I+2-I4.3. sbason carloaddisposition and loadings. The analysis is based on my estimate of volume .and ..
disposition of the crop with an increase of I4.0 per cent in tiro citrus loadpor freight and Express: car, and an increase of 10 per cent'ih other cirrusmoved only by truck.
.An increase of 10 per cont in tho vegetables and hon- l
citrus fruits is -used for all means of transportation. The: amount of ti^ej
incroasod load per. rail car and truck will bo determined byi the Office at]Defense Transportation as circumstances require .such regulations. It is '.
doubtful if citrus .froight loadings can bo increased as much as110-15/° and
vegetables as much as ^>-10% without upsetting the market conditions in thovarious trade channels., Loadings wore increased last year.' '•'.
',-'
If loadings per car are increased then the railroads from the growersviewpoint should lower their rates- proportionately, as there is no good reasonthat they should .profit at the expense of the grower. Fair: adjustments. '•
.
certainly could be made. The railroads have their own reasons for objectingto this aaying that they would heavy-haul themselves out of expected businessby cutting down the" total gross dollars received during the
;
season, alsoincreasing claims ahd: in' any case they say 'the rates are already too low onfruits and vegetables,. ,
.' ''
TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS ".
CITRUS
FreightExpressBoat
Sub -total
TruckCannedConsumedSub-total
: BoxesPer Car•1+07
. poo
: 1+07
19i+l-i42Carloads.. 53.951.
1,1771.817
..61,91+5
13,69035,81+9
Citrus J-'otalJzl
.605
3sL
Prospectivel9i»2-l+3
Carloads• ' 79,700
1,300
81,000
13,0001+1+ ,00010.00067.000
191+2-Z+3Boxes
Per CariiQ% iacaaftafl
569.8560
Carloads ofTransportation
withUO% increasein loadings
56,928929
10ya increase
.^40
20T
• 57,857*
11,818'.. l+O.OOO-
,9.090b0.893
119.0o0120.089 1^6.0^0
VEGETABLES AND NON-CITRUS FRUITS
FreightExpressBoat
Sub-totalTruckCannedConsumed
Sub-total
191+1 -1+2
Carloads^th 1058,209
•SB,026L35ao_
Prospective19U2-1+3
Carloads36,300
700
Increase!Carloads of
Transportationin Loadings with 10% increase
1055 ; 33,00063o
23181+9(+,026
37,00019,0005,000
IS,000
jQ-OOOVegetables and lion-Citrus Total 80,219 70,000 ,090Total All Fruits & Vegetables 200.308 22I4..OOO
* With an increase of b$7° in loadings there would beneeded.
NOTES: The above tabulation was based on infqrmation suppliod by boat linos toH.F.Willson, in charge of Federal-State c itrus Market News Office inLakeland, Fldrida. •"
* Now Orloans receivod 2 and Now York 1 mixed cars which are included inabove figur3s.
Duo to wartime conditions the coastwise boat movomont was curtailod inNovombor and Docernbor and praitically eliminated aftor early January.Export figures if any for 1941-42 woro omitted for war reasons.
VOLUME OF FLORIDA CITRUS TRUCKED THROUGHSTATE ROAD GUARD STATIONSCarloads of 400 Boxes
Page 2I4. TRUCK DESTINATIONS OF FLORIDA CITRUSInterstate Distribution by States - for four yearsised on reports of &tate Citrus Road Guard Stations n.nd
Federal-State Market iJews Service(Carloads of 1^00 Boxes)
ORANGES GRAPEFRUIT
J9hQ-kl MLl-L.2
Truck Shipments**Grand Total 12,939
Rail-Boat -Truckf*rand Total • 68.656
2.5U6 3,899 2,i;60
1+9, 225 56,912 51.099:28,728 15,1+71+ 23.361 19.275NOTES: * These figures, are the differences between known destinations and known
truck shipments beyond Citrus Road Guard Stations.** State Road Guard Stations which check the manifests and certificates for citrusare usually open during, all or practically all of the shipping season: 1938-39, Sept.lu
"J£ne
J22
l 1259-UO, Sept. 11-June 1: l'9l+0-l+l, Oct. 11-June 30: 191+1-J+2 , Oct . 16-May 10.
J4.u I n\ % Rations were closed early this season but it was officially calculat-ea that 7U7 carloads of oranges and 11+5 of-grapefruit , or a total of 892 carloads ofcitrus moved out between May 10 and July 31. A few carloads may have moved outalter July 31. + hese 892 carloads with unknown destinations are not includod inforegoing totals.
TRUCK DESTINATIONS OF FLORIDA CITRUSInterstate Distribution by States - for four years
Based on reports of State .Citrus Road Guard Stations andFederal -State Market News Service "
Note: Most of the rail, and boat cars with 1-destinations went to the States namedabove with -comparatively few to-West Florida. Many of"the truck carloads withdestinations unknown moved to "West Florida and some to the above named States.Mixed freight cars were converted: Oranges 55, Grapefruit 29, Tangerines l6 per cent,Destinations by express were estimated, basod on tho total known to have beenshipped, and our general knowledge of factors affecting express distributions.* Includes Wost Florida.
Page 27DISTRIBUTION OF FLORIDA CITRUS BY FREIGHT. EXPRESS. BOAT AND TRUCK( Cont'd).
For Representative Year 19^4-0-14.1
.
-(Similar Info rma-trori" for 19l4.1-lj2" has not been prepared)
.
Boat Truck Total All
StatesGroup 1
Orgs, ,-Sfrt Tngs, Total » gggg . Gfr.t, Tngs Total : Orgs Gfrt Tngs Total
destinations unknown moved to West Florida and some to the above named States.Mixed freight cars were converted: Oranges 55» Grapefruit 29, Tangerines 16 per cent.
Destinations by express were estimated, based on the total known to have beenshipped, and our general knowledge of factors .affecting express distributions.* Includes West "Florida. .-..«.
Page 28TRUCK SHIPMENTS OF FLORIDA VEGETABLES AND NUN-CITRUS FRUITS
Net on TreeEstimated Production CostsNet before Interest, Taxes, etc.
GRAPEFRUIT
Sales at Terminal Markets '
Terminal Selling & ExpensesNet at TerminalTransportation Cost'Florida F.O.B. Equivalent
Florida Marketing Charges .., ..
Advertising & InspectionPacking & Processing
'
'..
.
Picking & HaulingNet on .Tree .
Estimated Production Costs >
Net before Interest, Taxes, etc.
TANGERINES
Sales at Terminal MarketsTerminal Selling & ExpensesNet at TerminalTrans portatipn CostFlorida F.O.B. Equivalent
Florida Marketing ChargesAdvertising and InspectionPacking and ProcessingPicking & Hauling
•Not on TreoEstimated Production CostsNet before Interest, Taxes, otc.Approximate Percentage sold
at Auction -. Oranges 32.7%
AUCTION AND PRIVATE 'SALES
It is' claimed by -somo that grado for jjrado tho private sales of citrus willaverage a few more cents per box than the* auction sale-s, but if an average for allgrades combined is taken in normal years then auction prices will be a few centshigher. It is said that most of the high grade Indian River fruit and much of thehigh grade interior fruit is sold at auction, while many of the lower grades are soldsouth of Baltimore and Cincinnati in southern territory where there are noauction markets.
It is said that ordinarilv the price spread -for auction and private sales willamount to about 10-1?Y a box in favor of auctions for tho reason that auctions, havereceived "bettor and higher grade fruit. The real test as to the comparative efficacyof private and auction sales is which system returns tho most to tho grower for thesame grade, size, quality of fruit and for tho most volume. Privato selling is
certainly nocossary in Oltips where thiro are no auction markets. In markets wherethere are auctions it soems that a good Volume of privato sales would be a goodcheck on tho auctions.
Wo dp not have any comprehensive figures on private salos and therefore thisBureau does not know what rail and boat 'shipments sold privately havo averaged. Womade estimates covering combined auction and private salos returns on page 4 ofthis report.
We will, of course, welcome any information or comments on the foregoing analysis.
4 1.00
$ .00
$ 3.58.06
3.52
1.16
v 1.68
4 1.10
Grapefruit 55.4/ ° Tangerines 14.5.5%"
Page 1+2FLORIDA AUCTION SALES, 1936/37-19J+1/1+2
Furnished through the courtesy of the Statistical department,Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, Fla.
There is really no go<bd reason to write much concerning, acreagefigures as the figures themselves found., in the succeeding pages 'showwhat needs' to 'be sliown", but it is important to say where the figiires
originated and just what the" acreage figures are supposed to show anddo show. i
All of the official agricultural statistics are obtained fromthe Agricultural Statisticians, of tho] - Bureau, of. AgriculturalEconomics in the Foberal Building, Orlando, Florida. The writer has re-arranged 'this Federal data tb suit himself and he hopes they aresatisfactory to. those who study this Annual Report. Official acreagefigures do not include plantings of less than 1 acre and the aggregateof less than acre plantings 'is considerable 'in norma-1 'times arid
(
stillmore so with all of the war plantings .and' war gardens . Official figurescover only the vegetables mentioned and there arc numerous otherimportant vegetables such as squash, okra, green field peas and sweetcorn for market or home consumption. Others less important are beets',
broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, collards^ .endive,mustard, onions, parsley, radishes,' rutabagas,, ^spinaxh, turnips; andmiscellaneous vegetables. The writer : estimates the 'total of theseunofficial 1 vegetable acreages at 18,000, and this total does notinclude war gardens. There is a complete tabulation on page 80; whichshows the total Florida. acreage and the acreage for each of the fourleading counties. i * .....».,"'.,' '
Total State Acreage•The whole .story. ,is told. on..pages 60 and 61. The official acreage
for total vegetables was 194,200. Other vegetable acreage nob official-ly reported was estimated* at 18,000, making a
.total of 212,200 cars. The
acreage -of cantaloupes , strawberries and wate\rnelo*ns t/ere estimated at27,000. All vegetables, cantaloupes , strawberries and watermelons,official and unofficial, accounted for 239,200 acres. The comparisonfor the past two seasons is ; as follows:
'; 1 940-41 19 41-42 .
Vegetables,' official acreage ' t6u,145 ' -r9"4,200Vegetables, unofficial acreage. ' 10;5OQ -::-- ' • 1,8 ,000Total Vegetable acreage ' 176,645 212,200Non-Citrus, official -acreage - : 51,500 27,000Total Vegetables and Non-Citrus I . 208,145 239,200Total Citru.s,. unpfficial
!
p
;'
(380^,958
<
580,958Total All Fruits and Vegetables ' !* 539,103 620,158
Some vegetable acreages are, harvested two or more times .- duringthe season and it should be; understood that the land used is perhaps25-30 per cent less than ,. the acreages shown above. In the warmer sec-tions, of Florida there 'may be a continued use "of the- 'land from Septemberto Juno while In the. colder sections there may be only a spring cropand a limited fall crop.
The acreage readily available for vegetable and miscellaneousfruit and melon plantings, particularly for spring plantings, is con-siderably more than 239,200 acres -shown for the 1941-42 season. PalmBeach County with 55,050 acres is of -course far in/the lead of anyother county in the State and has been for fifteen -'years or longer.Palm Beach had. .25. 8 per cent of all the vegetable acreage In State,Dade 11.5, Broward 11.3, Manatee 5.3, St. Johns 4.3, Seminole 3.5,Marion 3.5, Alachua 3.4, and the other 59 counties have 31.4 per cent.The detailed statistics on these counties may 'be studied on pages60, 61 and 80.-::- Underestimated. The 1941-42 figures of 18,000 were based on U. S.
Census for 1939 but estimated for 1941-42 Season.
FLORIDA VEGETA3LE. STitu^BERRY aIjD WATERMELON ACREkGEBY COUNTIES FOR FIVE 3EA30IIS
Notes: (2) Escarole acreage included with lettuce prior to 1927-28 Season.(1+0 Big Boston figures include Romaine; acreage.
I (5/ Icebei'g Lettuce , which has been -grown in- a -very-small way as far backasthe 1925-26 season, but of comparatively small commercial importanceprior to 193U-35 season,, was included in Big Boston acreage figuresuntil the 1938-39 se.ason. •'/
The above tabulation prepared from material supplied by- •'.-,U. S. Agricultural Statisticians, Orlando, Florida.
ACREAGE OF PRINCIPAL FLORIDA TRUCK CROPS 17 SEASONS (Cont'd)
Pago 59ACREAGE. YIELD AND V;d.UE OF SELECTED COMMODITIES IN FLORIDA FOR 7 SEASONS (Cont'd).
Saason
1935-561936-571937-381938-391959-1+0
5 Yr Avg19|40-Ll191+1-1+2
Season
1935-361936-37.1937-381938-391959-^05 Yr Avg
WW
Acreage'
8,9008,8007,5009,0007,2008,280
5,5005,000
CANTALOUPES
Yield .
Crates Production
Yield2l+ qts
S570
§57069
7070
12,00016,000S2,0001+0,00035,ooo31,000
30 i 00035,000
STRAWBERRIES
Production
1+81,000572,000525,000765,0005ol+,ooo
569,£oo
332+, 000.350,000
Price per2l+ quarts*
$ l+.io
{+,80E.oo£.155.651+.33
5.70
Price oer
page 60 Sek page 46
CO
page 6| SEE PAGE 46
Pa go 62FLORIDA
FLORIDA LIMESPaee 63
Persian (Tahiti) and the Key (Mexican or West Indian) are the twolimes which constitute practically all of the commercial lime produc-tion in. Florida. There, are numerous varieties and hybrids of limes'"which have not gained much popularity among many Florida lime growers.
KEY LIMEThe Key lime is a small, oblong, thin-skinned variety which turns
pale yellow when fully mature and darker yellow when too mature. Thislime is confined, for the most. part, to Monroe and Dade countiesalthough there are scattered plantings over many other sections inSouth and Central Florida.
The chief competition in the Key. lime trade has been from Mexicoand" this comes in the months when Florida has less limes for shipping.The. Key lime is very popular in the South for limeade and to a lessextent in the North, but is popular everywhere for use in alcoholicdrinks. These two principal uses assure its popularity.
\PERSIAN LIME
The Persian (or Tahiti) lime has a dark green skin rnd pale greenpulp and is known as the "green ,rlime, and is the leading commercialvariety at the present time. It is a gaining -rival of the lemon formany uses, particularly in the use for -iced tea, seafoods, alcoholicdrinks and for limeades. The Persian lime is rapidly growing in popular-ity - and a sound future Is assured. The Persian, lime, selling at .',?1.50-
2.00 per bushel this summer ( 1942- ),a3 compared to $5.50 per box for Cali-fornia lemons, has been popular with purchasing officers of the militaryservices in Florida. Limeade instead of lemonade has boon served inmany of the mess halls. Persian limes are- not nearly -so low priced inthe ^colder months but are quite popular, particularly in New York,Chicago, Philadelphia, Baltimore' and Washington. The quarter box andcarton, the half box, and bushel box or basket, are. the usual contain-ers "for shipment. Florida has light competition from California.
We read and hear loss of Perrine lemons than we use to, but weread, and hear plenty about Persian limes, which" indicates where theattention is being placed. The writer, who has been on-the Markets formany' years', has a high regard for Persian linos as a commercial citrusfruit.
LIME TREES BEARING AND NON-BEARING IN 1940-41 SEASON
South FloridaBrowardCharlotteCollierDadeDeSotoGladesHardeeHendryHighlandsIndian RiverLeeManateeMartinMonroeOkeechobeePalm BeachSarasotaSt. Lucie
Note: Trees include all wherever found and not just "commercial" groves.
It may be no+ed that tangerine ' figures do not show separately bearing andnon-bearing trees. It is assumed that there are few tangerine' trees not bearingas there has been little, incentive for increasing the acreage, due to low returnsfor past several years. Approximately 11 per cent of the orange trees and1* per cent of t he grapefruit trees were not bearing in 191+0. This shows thepreference for new plantings has run strongly to oranges, but not very heavy foreither. Some of these trees have como into bearing since this survey.
Satsuma plantings are not included with orange figures. Satsumas accountedfor 88,680 trees and limos 755,251* trees. Lemons, rough lomons, kumquats, and othermiscellaneous citrus amounted to 71+2,029 trees bearing and non-bearing.
It should be noted that percentage of trees bearing is not necessarily anaccurate measuro of the production by counties. Some counties have heavier yieldper tree than do others.
ESTIMATED AVERAGE PRODUCTION IN BOXES FOR RECENT SEASONSPage 65
Page 66CERTIFIED LIME SHIPMENTS FOR FISCAL YEAR (July 1, I9I+I - June 50, 1942 )
Persian (Tahiti or Bearss)Figures Represent Equivalent Standard Boxes (1-3/5 Bushels)
Counties
19ClJulyAug .
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec/Jan. r l+2
Feb.
Mar.
AprilMayJune
TOTALS
Brevard-
Page 67GENERAL AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS
...... . •-. For Florida
General crop statistics are new to this Annual Report but are not new to thisBureau, Which has answered thous^nds
inand thousands of .inquiries for such statistics
during the past twenty- five years, The -writer has had a part in this for thirteenyears. The original purpos" of the Annual Report was to shew thf* shipments, volumeand value- cf Florida fruits and vegetables, and has" crown rnd developed a loftg With theindustry which requires more and more detailed information.
Last year, for the first time,we included a few pages of information on live-•stock, poultry, orgs and tobacco,- and numerous letters of appreciation were receivedasking for more of this general [Agricultural information, i/e have recognized the needfor this type of data- and although it is s'omewhat more difficult to get than fruitand -vegetable information, we have prepared several additional pages for this report.Particular attention has been given to the statistical needs for this wartime period,as we have found that many people in the Government or others in agricultural wartimeactivities are keenly interested in the volume of the various agricultural commodi-ties- in Florida and the principal areas of production.. In ordinary times we havefrequent inquiries for this same information and the 'names of the leading counties.We have supplied the : namc-s of four to eight of the leading counties for most of theagricultural commodities. The figures I have studied show that the first fourcounties produce, mors- than 33' 1/3 Por cent' of. the'-commodity in most instances andfrequently as much a-s 50 per cent, and in a few instances above 75 Por cent. Thisdoes not mean that the counties not mentioned are not -important when not mentioned inthe first four. The fifth, sixth or seventh counties may bo almost as important as th<j
fourth in some instances. Many of the leading counties have been in production formany, many years, while others are comparatively new in .the field and. may become veryimportant in the future' because of their location, soil, and the progressiveness oftheir developers.. . • '
Florida needs to produce, more livestock and meat, more poultry and eggs, moremilk for butter and cheese, and more feedstuffs. to- help meet more of the local demr.nd
for such products. . ;
Tobacco, Sea Island cotton, tung oil,, miscellaneous fibers, flowers, Persianlimes, and several other commodities seem to offer additional opportunity for in-creased agricultural, production. s
You may note on page- 68 that the production and farm valuo of some of the prin-cipal farm crops are shown for selected years. Our space did not allow for the'
r
inclusion of each year, but representative years from I92O-I9UI present a fairpicture for the period. The complete figures for 19U2 will not be available untilafter Lee. 1. Livestock, dairy products, poultry and eggs are covered in" a similarmanner. The figures toll the story. . .... . . .
Tobacco figures are shown"6ri"p«»go 72 and attention is called to an error. Suncured farm value for I9J4O should read $200,000 instead of ^2, 000, 000. You will notethat the total value of the auction sales arc $2,669,14+9 or 32.L^ lb. and the totalState production of 11,900,000 lbs. should have a, value exceeding „>3,860,000. Ifsun cured and shade grown do as well in price per- lb. as last year, and they shoulddo better, the farm value'' of all Florida tobacco' this season "should exceed
'
$6,030,000, which is the highest total value on record and the highest average priceper lb. and for only 15,770,000 lbs. cf tobacco. "In 1939 wo had 23,760,000 lbs. .<
but the total- value Was only fti*, 238, 000. "
Please note the egg and poultry prices for Jacksonville, as this is the keymarket and a large portion of" the' State business is done on the basis of theJacksonville quote. You will" need to go back to 1925-30 to find egg prices compar-able to 191+2 which should' average above h£i. You. will' note that prices for heavyfryers have been very good since May and the 19U2" average should be around 28^, orthe best since 1931.' The battery men need" this sort of an average to stay in businessHen prices this year have averaged satisfactory for the first time since 1930.
Not many of the poultry and egg producers are making a great deal of money,, asthe feed prices are so much higher. It is well to note that from July 1-Dec.l, whenFlorida egg prices go to rather high marks ; many of the hens stop laying but continueto eat. Florida egg prices must be high from Jan.l-May l~,when there is a heavy pro-duction, for the producers to make fair profits. Most any producer would he pleasedto exchange jobs with the man who complains loudest about high egg prices. It takes aboom or a wartime demand to give the producer a fair return on this investment, hishazards and his time. Farming is no picnic, brother, and if you have a job in thecity you better keep it.
It must be acknowledged that the general farm prices have been higher in I9I4.I
and 19b2 than for several years, as can be seen from the comparative price report onpage 7l|- But all producing costs have likewise increased. The farmer has done allright the past 12 months but the future is confusing, due to the uncertainties of theapplication of the new "anti-inflation lav;" and to the uncertainties of getting effi-cient labor and enough of the right kind of materials and transportation necessaryto produce the agricultural commodities. The near future will bring many problemsto confront the Florida producer. Florida fanners fir? used to solving problems butthey try to prevent problems from arising. After all, the farmer is the man who feedsus all and his opinions must be respected. Ho is the one who takes the chances withhis money, his time, the weather, and the markets. Many people forgot this and seme of
Page 74 Abstract of FederalPRICE 'REPORT, JURE 15, 1942
Prices of farm products at local markets averaged, 99 percent ofparity for mid- June," the 'U.S. Department of Agriculture announced June30th.- The general-level of -prices received by farmers for all agricul-tural commodities declined to 151 "percent of the pre-World 'War I levelon '.June 15, while the index of prices paid,
;
'interest and taxes remainedat .152. Consequently, parity .prices were unchanged- as of June 15.
Advances in price indexes for fruit, poultry products and meatanimals were more than offset by declines iri- the ' indexes for cotton andcottonseed, grains .and dairy products. .The index !of meat animal .priceson June 15 was the. -highest since 1919.
At the mid-June level, the index of prices received by farmers re-presents ,'an advance^ of 33 points over June 15 a year ago. 'Tho generallevel of. prices paid, interest and taxes advanced 20 points during the12. months. This lifted the ratio of. prices received to prices paid,interest 'and taxes'lO points 'over' June" '15 a 'year 'ago. '-'
' POULTRY PRODUCTS - -Live 'chicken prices /averaged 18.5 cents'-on June15,' compared with 16.3 cents 'a year earlier.^ Farmers received an averageof .27.4 cents .per dozen .for eggs on June 15. This was 4.2 cents .'higherthan a year ago. - • • •
FRUIT - June 15 fruit prices were 51 points above "those prevailingon June 15, 1941.
- TRUCK CROPS - The Index of prices received by growers for commer-cial truck crops, 'at 169 for -early June, was the •highest sinceJanuary 1942, 'and 43 points above June "1941."
' PMCES RECEIVED BY - FARMERS - i JUNE 45, 1942 - WI TH C CLIPARI SONS
* Dominates the field and in some cases more; than_25 per. cent of State total. **Based
on information obtained from U-.-S.-Grmsus', State Plant Board,U.S.Agric .Statisticians , and
Others". VERY FEW FIGURES ARE ABSOLUTELY ACCURATE '' .
"
.Most of the above information was obtained from t ho U.S. Census 01 19/+0. J-hese
census figures are not necessarily accurrte and in the writer' s opinion they are gen-erally too low. In most instances where figures, apparently reliable, are obtainablefor certain items it is noted that Census figures are. usually too low, occassionallytoo high. -
It is natural that Census figures r.ro low and it is likewise natural that thereare numerous mistakes due to human errors, machine errors and the magnitude cf thecensus work. In the first place, it is next to. impossible for a census "numerator to
contact each and ever" agricultural owner' or producer. Furthermore, some of the
owners or producers will omit some items or volume they should report. Errors can be
made if producer does not understand the question and makes a wrong return.Then there is the problem of tabulating all of this information by clerks not
entirely familiar with the sub-joct matter - nd actual defects in the calculatingmachines. Further, the more times' the information is hondled, the more likely some-
thing will ho lost or omitted. *ho writer has had many, years experience with figures
and mows how easy tho errors will creep in.
Do not let this discourage you from using these figures, as altogether they give
a fairly good picture of the subject and they arc the only complete figures available.
6th-r Bets of figures and estimates covering the same subject usually have as many or
more errors than do the various census figures. It is advisableto icheck on other
sets of figures or other information before you act.