From V T S to V T M I S - NET

From V T S to V T M I S - NET

History

Functions

Facilities

Classical aids to navigation

(beacons, lighthouses, buoys):

proven since more than

1000 years, but

use limited to good visibility

Classical aids to navigation

Telemobiloskop:

First application ofelectromagnetic wavesto detect metallic objects

Patent pending 1904

Predecessor of RADAR

Short detection range

K.-H. Hamer X/99

Development towards VTS

Before and during last world war development of RADAR1948 first civil shorebased radar station in Liverpool1951 first civil shorebased radar station in Iymuiden1956 first shorebased radar chain along New Waterway1960 shore based radar chain Elbe20 years later more than 200 ports with radar world-wide

1985 IMO VTS Guidelines1997 Review of IMO VTS Guidelines

Risk of traffic = combination of- probability that a damage happens

- potential amount of damage

Risk of maritime traffic results from - relation of vessels to vessels- relation of vessels to fairway

Risk may be low or increased but still acceptable or

unacceptable = danger

Traffic Management Functions reduce Risk

TRAFFIC RISK and its REDUCTION

Traffic Management Functions

Function Contributing entities

RulesRout. monitoring

Allocat. of spaceManoevres

Enforcement

Remedial funct.

ships admin. navaids VTS others

K.-H. Hamer X/98

VTS and the shipborne decision process

ship

basic shipborne data

decision

phys. elem. feedback addit. info

traffic fairway

servicesof theVTS

V T S

other services

The different levels of the shipborne decision process

mission level

strategic level

tactical level

command level

transport from port of dep. to port of destinationup to the ship owner / shipping company

sailing plan (route, schedule)ship master, pilot, VTS by I.S. or T.O.S.

navigation plan (intended course and speed)ship master, pilot, VTS by N.A.S.

rudder and engine commandship master, pilot

K.-H. Hamer X/98

IMO V T S Definition

Vessel Traffic Services: A service implemented by a Competent Authority,

designed to improve the safety and efficiency

of vessel traffic and to protect the environment.

The service should have the capability to interact with the traffic and to respond to traffic situations

developing in the VTS area

VTS as a system and its elements

V T Snational

legal basisinternat.

recommend.

MenMachineMethod

Aims:

safe and efficient trafficenvironmental protection

Fundamental functions of a V T S

fairway vesselstraffic

DATA DISTRIBUTIONcommunication phrases

DATA COLLECTIONtraffic situation

traffic image

rules, regulat.

data exchange

DATAEVALUATIONinteraction?

ServicesInformat. Serv.Nav.Ass. Serv.Traffic Org.S.

Information Service

Navigational Assistance Service

Traffic Organization Servcice

Co-operation with allied services, emergency services, adjacent VTS

Services of a V T S

broadcast or single information on request- general traffic and fairway situation- special events- weather and tidal forecast

assistance during difficult situations, updated- position related to the fairway - surrounding traffic- advice on course o.g., warning if needed

traffic monitoring and control- prevention of accidents- space allocation- enforcement and other necessary measures

data exchange with interactive servicesaction agreement if neededdata provision for non-interactive services

A1

A1 ELBE XYZA1 ELBE XYZA1 ELBE XYZ

A1

A1

A1 A1 A1

kmT A3 ANNI B5 KI E L

C1 WAL A3 ANNI B5 KI EL C1 WAL

A3 ANNI B5 KI EL C1 WA L A3 ANNI B5 KI E L C1 WAL

A1

A1 ELBE XYZA1 ELBE XYZA1 ELBE XYZ

A1

A1

A1 ELBE XYZA1 ELBE XYZ

A1 ELBE XYZ

A1

fairwayvessel vessel

Technical equipment of a V T S

traffic

contr. radar radar radarDF DFetc.

radio or cable links

VHF contr. AIS ship dataprocessing

radar dataprocessing

DF dataprocessing

Navigational Assistance Service Information & Traffic Organisation Service

data exch.

VTS operators

but points at responsibility of VTS Authorities

that VTS operators are qualified and trained

according the services to be provided

Annex 2 of the VTS Guidelines gives recommendations

IMO does not specify if VTS operators shall be

- civil servants

- municipal servants

- pilots

VTS users and user publication

Users of a VTS = all who profit from a VTS, e.g.:

ship masters, pilots to perform navigationallied services for resource planningallied authorities for planning, accountancy and statisticsemergency services for immediate availabilityshorebased population to enjoy a clean environment

User publications = to inform about facilities and harmonize use:

World VTS GuideStandard Marine Communication PhrasesIALA VTS classification

VTS operators are users of VTS equipment to perform VTS services

Applications and benefits of VTS

Safety of traffic

wrong or missing decision due to

- lack of information

- wrongly interpreted information

- not considered information

defects of equipment due to

- unexpected break-down

- unsufficient maintenance

Information Service

for general precaution

Navigational Assist. Service

to decrease rising, still acceptable risk

Traffic Organization Service

to prevent unacceptable risk

impaired by: improved by:

Applications and benefits of VTS

Efficiency of traffic

delays of vessels due to

- meteo- /hydrologic conditions

- defects of shipborne equipment

- missing aids to navigation

unadapted sailing plan due to

- missing availability of resources

poor resource management due to

- missing information on exact ETA

Information Service &Navigational Assist. Serviceto assist easy flow of traffic

Traffic Organization Service &Assistance of allied servicesto optimize sailing plans

to improve resource planning

impaired by: improved by:

Applications and benefits of VTS

Environmental protection

accidents with polluting cargo

shipborne spills of polluting cargo

- inadvertently

- unconsciously

- deliberately

Traffic Organization Service

- special guidance of D.G. transports

- surveillance of sensitive areas

- identifying pollution originators

Co-operation with emergency services

- ensuring duly state of ships

- alerting and making remedial actions

impaired by: improved by:

Applications and benefits of VTS

Results when V S T have been implemented:

On an average

the accident rate was decreased by about

50 %

resulting in decreased costs for ships and harbours

and previous delays of traffic during difficult situations

like fog, gales or ice were minimized

Present technical limitations of VTS

Main sensor: pimary radar

raw radar: no automatic identificationlimited detection rateechoes due to limited resolution:- no scaled presentation of real target- not symmetrical to real target

synthetic radar (tracks) limited tracking facility due to - target loss- target swopdelayed indication of- position- speedduring course or speed alterations

shore based pilotage

shipborne ECDIS, DGPS, AIS

increasing ships‘ sizes and confined fairways

improvement of multimodal transport chain

Outlook on future VTS development

increasing importance ofNavigational Assistance Servcice

decreasing importance ofNavigational Assistance Servcice

increasing importance of Traffic Organization Servcice

increasing importance ofCo-operations with allied services

increasing environmental sensibility

increasing importance ofTraffic Organization Service andCo-operation with emergency services

K.-H. Hamer X/98

Co-operation with adjacent VTS and allied services

third users

VTS 1 VTS 2 VTS 3ship dataexchange

ship dataexchange

ship dataprovision

ship dataprovision

„VTMIS“

VTS ( IMO)

Co-ordination (IALA)

Co-ordination (COST)

RTIS (EURET)

VTMIS (4th F.P.)

VESSEL

TRANSPORT EXT. AREA

VTS VTMIS

VTMIS: Development of content and definition

Report „TRANSPORT RESEARCH / VTMIS 1996“:

VTMIS = Vessel Traffic Management and Information System

Aims:

- Integration of EDI tools to form a VTMIS by providing all needed data

for VTS management, value added services and in emergency

situations

- performance requirements for radar as the main VTS sensor

- research to outline technical and operational requirements for VTS

VTMIS Concerted Action Definition 1988:

VTMIS = Vessel Traffic Management and Information Services

It implies that all services in the area, such as VTS, Allied Services and other information services, are interlinked and cooperate according to commonly harmonized procedures.

K.-H. Hamer X/98

VesselTraffic

Management

Set of efforts ... to minimize risks forsafety and the environment, whilstmaximizing the efficiency of waterborneand connecting transport

VTMISIntend to respond to public and privatedemand for Vessel Traffic Management.... does not presuppose the existence ofany specific type of equipment.It implies that all services in the area ...are interlinked and cooperate accordingto commonly harmonized procedures.

V T M I S

V T S and V T M I S

Objective VTS VTMIS General aims safety of traffic efficiency of traffic environmental protection support of allied activities management of traffic handling of data relating to ships

Considered services allied services emergency services adjacent VTS

Considered activities exchange of data provision of data action agreement supra-national coordinated VTS cooperation betw. neighbouring states full or restricted acces to VTS data

Y E S Y E S

V T S and V T M I S

Preconditions VTS VTMIS

Competent Authorityresponsible foroperation and

user publication

centre &common operators

common trainingrecommendations

Y E S N O

Present use of the term „V T M I S“

Producer: VTMIS = Super-VTS

„incorporates the latest State-of-Art technology“

Port Technology: VTMIS = ultimate development from a basic

VTS via VTMS to a system integrating safety

and efficiency of traffic and (logistic) information

IALA VTS Co.: Abbreviations as „VTIS“, „VTMS“ and „VTMIS“

should not be used in such (classification)

documents as they cause problems of

comprehension for mariners

HarbourGD, ETA, ETD

VTSID, POS, SP

Allied rout. Services

EmergencyServices

Meteo/HydroFairway Info

ChartService

NationalNode

HarbourGD, ETA, ETD

VTSID, POS, SP

Allied rout. Services

EmergencyServices

Meteo/HydroFairway Info

ChartService

NationalNode

NationalNode

NationalNode

European Network

euronet.ds4

Local/Regional

Node

Local/Regional

Node

V T M I S - N E T

V T M I Ssensor s voice com.data com. data basesVTMIS network a nd inte rnal opera tionsvessel&w ay carrier cargo&pass. public rel .

VTSroutine

emergen cysuppo rtotherstech. ass .port st.c.

port oper at.freightpassengerterminallighteringregulat. s erv.

noticesVTS gd.chartspressstatisticsP A R T I C I P A N T S

datainput+proc.

infra-struct.manpowe r standards equipmen tmaintenan ce

V T M I Ssensors voice com. data com. data bases

VTMIS network and internal operations

vessel&way carrier cargo&pass. public rel.

VTS

routine

emergency

supportothers

tech. ass.

port st.c.

port operat.freight

passengerterminallightering

regulat. serv.

notices

VTS gd.

charts

press

statisticsaccountancy

P A

R T

I C

I P

A N

T S

datainput

+proc.

infra-struct.

manpower standards equipment maintenance

Potential Participants of a V T M I S - NET

VTMIS-NET: Intentions and Experiences

2) Users tend to adapt to the present state

1) VTMIS-NET shall enable (added value) services for users

3) Demonstrations shall illustrate potential benefits

4) VTMIS-NET has had predecessors (EVHA, EASI, EWTIS)

5) Users confirm wish for enhanced data availability

but often hesitate to raise corresponding costs