Online Learning Network: A Little Background About Online Learning Rob Darrow, Ed.D. President, Online Learning VISIONS.com October 2011 Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln
Online Learning Network: A Little Background About
Online Learning
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.
President, Online Learning VISIONS.com
October 2011
Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Stan COE/CTAP 6 Online Learning Network
Purpose Build the knowledge and understanding
about blended and online learning for everyone in Stanislaus County Schools
Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Stan COE/CTAP 6 Online Learning Network
F2F meetings Expectation: Same people attend all 4
16 Things to Learn About Online Teaching and Learning (ongoing)
Webinars
Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Start With the End in MindBy March 2012:
Understand the components of online learning
Understand differences between blended and online teaching and learning models
Have a district online learning plan 10-20 admin or staff or teachers completed
16 things and/or Leading Edge Certification
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Think in terms of 3-5 years from now (not just
today).
Think about what can be, not what is.
This is a journey, not a destination.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Introductions
Me: Retired online school principal, doctorate, consultant (www.onlinelearningvisions.com), father of a 21-year-old
You: what you do, what your district is doing about online learning.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Consensogram Results
Experience with online learning Teaching style
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Handouts
Online Program Planning Chart Graphic: Market Landscape Graphic: Blended Learning Chart Stan COE Survey Results
Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Survey Results Discussion
In Small Groups 1. What is significant or interesting about the
results? 2. Any generalizations from the survey? 3. What are the future topics you would like to
discuss in the OLN?
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Background – National Trends
** Online Schools ** Enrollment increases
30% per year
** Charter Schools ** Enrollment increases 11% - 20% per year
Two educational trends challenging traditional education:
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
One Other National Trend:Static Dropout Rates
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Three out of every ten students do not graduate from high school.
The Challenge for the Nation
Source: EPE 2007; Greene 2002
About half of those who graduate are not college- and work-ready.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Research and Dropouts
“Lack of school success is probably the greatest single cause which impels pupils to
drop out of school.” Ayres (1909). Laggards in our schools.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Research Studies - California
Darrow (2010). Online charter schools and at-risk students
Schwirzke (2011). Perspectives about online learning from superintendents
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
California 13% of the total U.S. K-12 public
school student enrollment 20% of the U.S. public charter
school enrollment Top rated state regarding
charter school law and policy
National Alliance for Public Charter Schools (2010)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Recommendations (Schwirzke, 2011)
State policies need to be developed to: Identify standard definitions for online and
blended learning Create a framework for online and blended
learning Change to a funding model for online courses
that allows fractional per-pupil funds to follow students down to the individual course, not just the full-time program
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Recommendations (Darrow, 2010)
Need a uniform way to count online school students
Innovation grants and research grants needed for online learning in California
Common standards for K-12 online learning should be adopted
Ongoing finance model for online schools needed in California; current school funding finance models don’t fit with online courses
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Defining Terms Traditional Learning
attend courses daily in face-to-face setting Online Learning
attend courses online where 70% instruction is online
Blended Learning attend courses online where 30% instruction
is online Charter School
independently operated public schools of choice
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Definitions: Online School Enrollment
Part-time Online Students Take one or two online courses in
addition to attending traditional school One student in one course per
semester counts one Full Time Online Students
One student attending the school counts one
Watson, Gemin, Ryan & Wicks (2009). Keeping pace with K-12 online learning.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
One Example: Florida Virtual SchoolOne student in one course for one semester
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Definitions: Counting Online School Enrollment
No Standards
Part-time online students not officially counted, except as an estimate in response to a researcher’s survey
Full time online students counted if they attend an online charter school
In California, public school students, including charters, are counted each October via California Basic Educational Data System (CBEDS)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Types of Online Schools
A. National Companies – individual online charter schools in different states (K-12, Inc. Connections Academy, Insight)
Primarily charter schools
B. Statewide – run by state agencies Some charters, some not
C. District / County – run by school districts or county educational offices
Some charters, some not
Watson, Gemin, Ryan & Wicks (2009). Keeping pace with K-12 online learning. http://www.kpk12.com/
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Number of Full Time K-12 Students in California in OL Charters (Darrow, 2010)
Grades 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
K-12 5399 7454 10502
9-12 773 1618 2992
Based on October CBEDS. Ed Data. http://www.ed-data.k12.ca.us
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Number of Part Time Online Students in Ca (Schwirzke, 2011)
Grades 2006-07 2007-08 2009-10
K-12 17347 42822 34769
9-12 12625 27289 19948
Based on survey results from 146 California schools.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
California Enrollment
Enrollment in online charter schools has increased each year for the past three years: 80% in past two years
Percent of students in charter high schools: 6% of total 9-12 enrollment
Percent of students in online charter high schools: .16% of total 9-12 enrollment
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Stanislaus COE Survey Enrollments
Online/Blended Learning Students (one student, one semester, one course)
7791
Online / Blended Learning Teachers
65
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
State/organization Full-time or
supplemental
2007-2008
enrollment
2008-2009
enrollment
Annual
increase
Florida Virtual School Supplemental 120,000 154,125 25%
Idaho Digital Learning
Academy
Supplemental 6,619 9,646 46%
Alabama ACCESS Supplemental 18,955 28,014 48%
Michigan Virtual School Supplemental 11,000 16,000 45%
Minnesota (state) Both 23,722 28,332 19%
Colorado (state) Full-time 9,238 11,641 26%
Ohio (state) Full-time 24,011 27,037 13%
Arizona (state) Both 15,000 23,000 24%
Connections Academy
(across U.S.)
Full-time
charter
13,000 20,000 54%
K12, Inc.
(across U.S.)
Full-time
charter
39,500 56,000 42%
Watson et al, Keeping Pace. http://www.kpk12.com/
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Online School History and Policy
1994 – 1997 - First K-12 online schools: Utah Electronic School Virtual High School – Massachusetts Florida Virtual School
2007 – Number of states with online programs / online legislation: 42
2007 – Number of online charter schools: 173 in 18 states 92,235 students (Center for Ed Reform, 2008)
2008 – Online course enrollments grew by 65% from 2002-03 to 2004-05 (Means, 2009)
2009 – More than a million K-12 online school students (Picciano and Seaman, 2009)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Online Learning and Student Achievement
Meta-analysis have found that overall, student achievement in online schools is the same or better when compared with traditional schools
Means et al. (2009), Cavanaugh et al. (2004)
Emerging Research Online student interaction in discussion
boards / forums (Lowes, 2007)
Student success / student attrition in online courses (Porta-Merida, 2009; Roblyer, 2008)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Defining Terms
What does it look like? Handout: Continuum from Textbook
Enhanced to Online Teaching and Learning
Handout: Blended Learning Chart
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Instructional Delivery From Textbook Enhanced to Online Teacher
“The key to success in our online classes rests not with the content that is being presented but with the method by which the course is being delivered.”
- Rena Palloff and Keith Pratt (2001)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Why does this matter?
The goal is student achievement, but…if we don’t know what “it” looks like: We can’t count it We can’t study it (researchers) We don’t know if it’s making a difference We can’t teach it to others
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Blended Learning (Dziuban, Hartman and Moskal, 2004)
“Blended learning should be viewed as a pedagogical approach that combines the effectiveness and socialization opportunities of the classroom with the active learning of the online environment: A shift from lecture- to student-centered instruction Students become active and interactive learners Increases in interaction between student-instructor,
student-student, student-content, and student-outside resources
Integrated formative and summative assessment mechanisms for students and instructor.”
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
What does “it” look like?
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Teaching and Learning
What is the student doing? What is the teacher doing? What is the content? Where is the content?
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
What does “it” look like?*Teacher vs. student control of
teaching and learning
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
More teacher control
Shared control
More student control
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
What does “it” look like?*Teacher-centric vs. Student-centric
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
More teacher centric
Combination
More student centric
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
What does “it” look like?*Control of time and pace
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online)
Web/online enhanced Blended Online
Set time structure
Some Flexibility
Flexible
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
What does “it” look like?
Textbook enhanced teaching and learning
Technology enhanced (not online) Web/online enhanced Blended Online
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Textbook Enhanced
What is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the
classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Technology Enhanced
What is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal
computer
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or
CD-Rom)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white
board / doc camera, etc.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Web/Online EnhancedWhat is the student doing?• Sitting in a desk in a classroom• Writing on paper• Listening to teacher• Talking with peers• Using a shared or personal
computer
What is the teacher doing?• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Group discussions• Assignments/activities online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or
CD-Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g. programmed
math or English)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white
board / doc camera, etc.• Online
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Blended
What is the student doing? (30% work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom or
computer lab• Using personal computer online at
home or other location• Interacting with peers in person
and online
What is the teacher doing? (30% interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the classroom• Directing Learning• Meeting students in small groups
(f2f and online)• Developing/assigning online
lessons• Grading online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer (Word, Ppt, etc.)• Computer Program (loaded or CD-
Rom)• Web• Computer led (e.g. programmed
math or English)
Where is the content?• On paper• In the classroom• In a school library• On a computer/digital white board /
doc camera, etc.• Online (computer led or teacher led
content)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Online
What is the student doing? (70% or more work online)• Sitting in a desk in a classroom or
computer lab• Using personal computer online at
home or school or other location• Interacting with teacher in person
and/or online• Interacting with teacher in person
and/or online
What is the teacher doing? (70% or more interacting with students online)• Standing in front of the classroom• Guiding Learning• Meeting students in small groups
(online and maybe f2f)• Developing/assigning online
lessons• Discussion Board• Online meetings/teaching (e.g.
Elluminate)• Grading online
What is the content?• Textbooks• Supplemental materials• Teacher created materials• Computer/Program (Word, Ppt, CD-Rom,
etc.)• Web• Computer led (e.g. programmed
math or English)• Teacher led
Where is the content?• On paper• On a computer/digital white board /
doc camera, etc.• Online (computer led or teacher led
content)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Textbook Enhanced
Teacher Student Curriculum
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Textbook Led Instruction
Student Learning – Classroom (Student work completed on paper)
Teacher Instruction - Classroom Teaching Strategies – Teacher directed,
face-to-face Content – Textbook/Teacher
Developed/Supplemental Materials
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Technology EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Technology Enhanced (Not Online)
Student – Classroom (Student work completed on paper)
Teacher Instruction - Classroom Teaching Strategies – Teacher directed,
face-to-face, technology (Word, PowerPoint, SmartBoard, Clickers, Video, Audio, etc.)
Content – Textbook/Teacher Developed/Supplemental Materials/Technology
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Web/Online EnhancedTeacher Student Curriculum
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Web/Online Enhanced
Student Learning – Classroom (Student work completed on paper or online)
Teacher Instruction – Classroom and Online (may post teacher lessons online or in iTunes/podcasting/YouTube)
Teaching Strategies – Teacher directed, face-to-face, technology, online
Content – Textbook/Teacher Developed/Supplemental Materials/Technology/Online (may use computer led instruction such as Plato, Nova Net, Rosetta Stone or ALEKS and/or blogs or other online tools).
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
BlendedTeacher Student Curriculum
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Blended Teaching and Learning (70/30 face-to-face)
Student Learning – Classroom and Online (School and Home – 70% Classroom/30% Online). (Student work completed on paper or online)
Teacher Instruction – Classroom (face-to-face meetings once or more per week) and Online
Teaching Strategies – Teacher guided/directed or computer directed, face-to-face, technology, online, online tools primarily used in face-to-face instruction such as a course management system, paperless assignments, discussion board, email, Instant Messaging
Content – Textbook/Teacher Developed/Supplemental Materials/Technology/Online (may use computer led instruction such as Plato, Nova Net, Rosetta Stone or ALEKS, or teacher led instruction such as teacher developed content, K-12, Inc, , Connection Academy or Florida Virtual School. Use of online tools such as discussion boards or blogs or Moodle or instant messaging, etc.)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
OnlineTeacher Student Curriculum
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Online Teaching and Learning (70/30 Online)
Student Learning – Classroom and Online (School and Home – 70% Online/30% or less Classroom). (Student work completed online)
Teacher Instruction – Classroom/Office (may meet face-to-face) and Online (online collaboration tools such as Elluminate or Webinar software in addition to utilizing tools such as podcasting and YouTube)
Teaching Strategies – Teacher guided, technology, online, online tools primarily used in online instruction such as a course management system, paperless assignments, discussion board, email, Instant Messaging, etc.
Content – Textbook/Teacher Developed/Supplemental Materials/Technology/Online (may use computer led instruction such as Plato, Nova Net, Rosetta Stone or ALEKS, or teacher led instruction such as teacher developed content, K-12, Inc, , Connection Academy or Florida Virtual School. Use of online tools such as discussion boards or blogs or Moodle or instant messaging, etc.)
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Curriculum**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Instructional Support**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
iNacol – Updated Quality Online Teaching Standards – Blended Learning Continuum
**Students**
Less Online Instruction
More Online Instruction
Mostly Online Instruction
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
A Quiz!
Define the type of teaching and learning.
Rob Darrow, Ed.D.. Rob @ onlinelearningvisions.com. Oct. 2011.
Questions?
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Website: http://bit.ly/scoeoln