From Cells to Society: From Cells to Society: The Multidisciplinary The Multidisciplinary Nature of Tobacco Control Nature of Tobacco Control Michael Chaiton [email protected]
From Cells to Society: The Multidisciplinary Nature of Tobacco Control
Jan 03, 2016
From Cells to Society: The Multidisciplinary Nature of Tobacco Control. Michael Chaiton [email protected]. Why Focus on Tobacco?. Reducing tobacco use offers the greatest potential for immediate impact at the population-level. Tobacco Problem in Canada. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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From Cells to Society: From Cells to Society: The Multidisciplinary The Multidisciplinary
Nature of Tobacco ControlNature of Tobacco Control
Michael [email protected]
Why Focus on Tobacco?
Reducing tobacco use offers the greatest potential for immediate impact at the population-level.
Tobacco Problem in Canada
Smoking, along with other forms of tobacco use, remains the leading cause of illness and death in western societies.
Tobacco Problem in Canada
In 2002, smoking accounted for 17% of all deaths in Canada
21% for men and 12% for women.
Tobacco Problem in Canada
Tobacco use is responsible for three times as many deaths as the combined total of alcohol, drugs, suicide, homicide, injuries sustained from car crashes, and AIDS.
Tobacco Problem in Canada
37,000 Deaths515,607 Years of Life Lost2,210,155 hospital daysCancer was the leading cause of death
(17,679 deaths) followed by cardiovascular disease (10,853) and respiratory disease (8,282)
Framework
VECTOR
HOST
ENVIRONMENT
AGENT
Framework
Mosquito
Person
Environment
Parasite
Framework
Tob Ind
Person
Environment
Cigs
Host
Risk taking! Extroversion! Excitement! Glamorous identity!
Higher rates of depression and other mental health issues
Genetic factors Physiological differences: pre-natal exposure Drug reward and satisfaction
The Reward Pathway
12
Agent Factors
13
The drug must gain access to the brain (cross the blood/brain barrier) Blood flow, lipid solubility, molecular size,
presence of active transport processes The faster the drug reaches the brain, the
more likely self-administration is to occur Crack vs. cocaine; heroin vs. morphine;
smokeless vs. cigarette
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.96 1.00 1.04 1.08+
Midpoint elasticity
Med
ian
sale
s (in
mill
ions
of c
igar
ette
s) p
er g
roup
Environmental Factors
15
Gin Epidemic Surplus grain in
England "An Act for the
Encouraging of the Distillation of Brandy and Spirits from Corn”
Legislation created epidemic
Environmental Factors
16
Vietnam veterans Epidemic of heroin
use among American soldiers in Vietnam
Nearly all quit on return or with minimal intervention
Lack of availability and behavioural cues
WWI veterans Prime event in diffusion to
widespread use Cigarettes packaged as rations
thanks to the ‘generosity’ of tobacco companies
The Vector
https://ams-wd.utoronto.ca/sap/bc/gui/sap/its/zf_logon_mrol?sap-client=010
Agent Lectures The cigarette (Kaiserman)
Host Lectures Health effects (Ferrence)
Global impact (Jha)
Addiction (Clarke; O’Loughlin)
Genetics (Tyndale)
Host Lectures Medical interventions (Selby)
Hospital Based Interventions (Pipe)
Psychology of smoking (Hammond)
Fertility (Holloway)
Physical Activity (Faulkner)
Environment Lectures Smoking and the Movies
(Glantz) Mass Media (Wakefield) Economics (Chaloupka) Global issues (Cohen) Policy (Fong)
Vector Lectures
Marketing (Dewhirst)
Contraband (Perley)
Tobacco and activism (Mahood)
This course is partly funded by the Canadian Cancer Society (award #702160)
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