Fricative and Affricate Consonants

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What is a fricative consonant?

It’s a type of consonant made by forcing airthrough a narrow gap so that a hissing noise isgenerated.

They are continuous consonants.

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Remember!

A voiced consonant produces vibration inthe vocal folds by the time it is produced.

A voiceless consonant doesn’t produce any

vibration in the vocal folds by the time it isproduced.

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According to the place of articulation

Labiodental

dental alveolar Post-alveolar

glottal

oiceless f " s   ʃ h

oiced v # $   ʒ

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Different positions

for fricative

consonants

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%&ample words' fan( van( safer( saber( half( halve.

These are labiodental consonants( that is( the lower lip isin contact with the upper teeth.

The fricative noise is never very strong and is scarcelyaudible in the case of )v)

)f) )v)

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)") )#)

%&ample words' thumb( thus( ether( father( breath(breathe.

The dental fricatives are sometimes described as if thetongue were placed between the teeth.

*owever( the tongue is normally placed behind the teeth.The tip touching the inside of the lower front teeth andthe blade touching the inside of the upper teeth.

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)s) )$)

%&ample words' sip( $ip( facing( phasing( rice( rise.

These are alveolar fricatives( with the same place ofarticulation as )t) and )d).

The air escapes through a narrow passage along the centerof the tongue( and the sound produced is comparativelyintense.

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) ) ) ) ʃ ʒ  %&ample words' ship( Russia( measure( irish( garage.

Initial ) )ʒ is very rare in %nglish.

These fricatives are called post+alveolar( which can be ta,en tomean that the tongue is in contact with an -rea slightly further bac,than that for )s) and )$).

If you ma,e )s) and then ) ) ʃ  ( you should be able to feel your tonguemove bac,wards.

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)h)%&ample words' head( ahead( playhouse.

The place of articulation is glottal. It is usuallyfound before vowels.

As well as being found in initial position( it is foundmedially in words such as ahead or greenhouse.

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AFFRICATE

CONSONANTS

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An affricate is a single unit consonant made up of a stop and a periodof fricative release.

Apparently( an affricate is ust a production of a se/uence of a stopand a fricative.

*owever( affricates occupies a single phonetic)phonological unit0often called a segment1 identical to a single obstruent.

A stop+fricative se/uence would be two segments rather than one.

*ence( a se/uence of a stop and a fricative does not necessarily forman affricate.

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Africate consonants

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Affricates as a segment'

“ketchup” “the shop”

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2ive it a try! Transcribe the followingwords'

Test 2et

%&press

3ictionary

%dition

*orse

4ather

That

Thunder

4ire

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