6/22/2016 1 Regenerative Medicine Halland Chen, MD Speaker Disclosures I disclose that I am not a consultant or have any financial interests. 2 What is regenerative medicine? Regeneration of human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. (Chris Mason, Ph.D.) Cell therapy is one of the main components of regenerative medicine. Cell therapy uses cells, such as stem cells, to regenerate diseased tissue in the human body.
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6/22/2016
1
Regenerative Medicine
Halland Chen, MD
Speaker Disclosures
I disclose that I am not a consultant or have any
financial interests.
2
What is regenerative medicine?
Regeneration of human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal
function. (Chris Mason, Ph.D.)
Cell therapy is one of the maincomponents of regenerative medicine.
Cell therapy uses cells, such as stem cells, to regenerate diseased tissue in the
human body.
6/22/2016
2
What are stem cells?
A “master cell” in the body which can multiply indefinitely and create many
different types of cells ( >200 ) in the human body (blood cells, skin cells,
cartilage cells, etc.).
Stem cells help to renew and repair cells in the human body.
Where are stem cells found?
Bone marrow
Fat
Tissues
(heart, liver, kidneys, etc.)
What are stem cell treatments?
Autologous Stem Cell treatments (own cells)
Allogenic Stem Cells (donor cells)
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (cells converted to stem cells)
Pharmaceutical treatments (activate stem cells)
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What can stem cells treat in the future?
FDA studies to find future cures
FDA Phase I, II, III Studies
Current FDA Phase III Studies:
Bone marrow transplant rejection Diabetic foot ulcers
Crohn’s Disease Limb Ischemia (blood flow)
Heart attack prevention and treatment Knee cartilage repair
Heart failure Multiple Sclerosis
Cancer treatments (bone marrow cancer) Parkinson’s Disease
Treatments are coming but will take time
Q: What types of stem cell treatments can be done today?
A: Orthopedicstem cell treatments
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The science of stem cell treatments for
orthopedic conditions
Why are stem cells important?
Because they are the body’s repaircells.
They are the onlycells that can renew and regrow.
To repaira laceration, repair occurs by growth of fibroblasts (skin stem cells).
To heala fracture, osteoblasts (bone stem cells) are needed.
After a haircut, hair regrowth is thanks to hair follicle cells (hair stem cells).
Without stem cell you would only live approximately two days!
Classification of stem cells
Who they come from
Allogeneic (non-self) and autologous (self)
Embryonic and Adult
Where they come from
Blood, bone marrow, adipose, and placenta
What they do
Hematopoeticand Mesenchymal
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Embryonic Stem Cells
By far the most controversial stem cells.
Most ESC lines outlawedby President George W. Bush (2000-2008) .
Research reinstated by President Barack Obama.
U.S. government has lifted some bans but FDA has still significantly restricts
ESC use in humans.
Since an embryo (potential living human being) is destroyed creating ESCs,
there are ethical issues.
Embryonic Stem Cells
Initially was to have the most potential for correcting and curing
certain conditions due to their plasticity or ability to morph into
many cell types.
However, patients will inherit any potential diseases that the
embryo may have.
Embryonic Stem Cells
There is a significant potential that the cells can grow unchecked and
essentially act as a tumor.
There are certain immunogenic factors. Will the body attack the stem cells as
being foreign invaders? The patient may be required to take drugs to ward off
cell rejection.
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Autologous Stem Cells
Derived from the patient themselves.
Noproblems with immunity or rejection.
May not be useful for auto-immune or genetic diseases—has patient’s
problems. Type I diabetes, muscular dystrophy
Age-specific changes. Efficacy, numbers
Autologous Stem Cells
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) Commonly found in bone marrow
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)Commonly found in fat tissue (adipose)