French and indian war

French and Indian War

Chapter 7 Sections 1 & 2

• England and France came into conflict over land

– English setters continued to move west into French lands

– Conflicts occurred in the Ohio River Valley and along the Appalachian Mountains

• Allies are the…– Algonquian– Huron

WHY?• Traded instead of taking Indian

lands for farming• French trappers often

adopted Indian ways and even married

• English farmed and often ignored Indian land rights

• English looked down on Indian culture and religion more than the French

• Allies are the…– Iroquois Confederacy– Mohawk

WHY?• Iroquois are rivals of

Algonquians• English offer cheap trade

goods

Each Side had Advantages

BRITISH ADVANTAGES• 13 colonies had a

population 20 times greater than New France

• Superior Navy• 13 Colonies were easier

to defend• Some Indian alliances

FRENCH ADVANTAGES• France had a single

government– One ruler made

decisions instead of 13 colonial governments

• France had stronger Indian alliances

FORT NECESSITY 1754

• George Washington and 150 soldiers go to claim the Ohio River Valley

• Washington defeated a small group of French soldiers– Built a small fort (Ft.

Necessity)• The French later capture

Ft. Necessity– Washington defeated

• Washington was released and took news of his defeat back to Virginia

Ft. Necessity

French and Indian War Events1755: Braddock’s Defeat

• British soldiers led by the “Bulldog” went to capture Ft. Duquesne from the French

• French and Indian sharpshooters killed or wounded half of the British; Braddock dies

• Starts a string of victories for the French and Indians over the British

French and Indian War Events

1757-1758: William Pitt’s Leadership• Prime Minister William Pitt (Britain) sends

Britain’s best generals to the colonies• Gains the support of colonists by promising to

buy colonial goods at high prices• Lord Amherst gains control of the French Fort at

Louisbourg• Delaware Indian alliance with France falls apart• British take Ft. Duquesne and rename it Ft. Pitt

French and Indian War Events

1759: British Conquer Quebec• General James Wolfe

(Britain) lays seige to Quebec, led by Montcalm (France)– British soldiers swarm the

Plains of Abraham at daybreak

– In battle Wolfe and Montcalm are killed but Britain wins battle

• British win the war by conquering Quebec

French and Indian War Events

1763: Treaty of Paris• British gain most of

Canada• British gain land in

North America in the west up to the Mississippi River

• Spain lost Florida to Britain