I N D E X
I N D E X
0. preface
1. SUBMISSION OF PLANS
2. APPLICATION FOR DISCOUNTS
3. INSPECTION STAFF
4. INTERNAL Appliances
5. FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS
6. HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
7. FIRE HYDRANT SERVICE
8. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF COTTON GIN & PRESS FACTORIES 9.
MUTUAL AID SCHEME 10. APPENDIX I
11. APPENDIX II
12. APPENDIX III
13. APPENDIX IV
14. APPENDIX V
15. APPENDIX VI
16. INTERNAL GUIDELINES
* * * * * * * * * *
FIRE PROTECTION MANUALPREFACEThe First Edition of this Manual
was issued by the Calcutta Fire Insurance Association in 1906 and
was brought up-to-date and re-issued in 1930. The third, fourth and
fifth Editions were published jointly by the Insurance Associations
of India and Pakistan in 1948, 1950 and 1953 respectively to
provide for the needs of the whole of the areas controlled by these
Associations. The subsequent sixth, seventh and eighth Editions
were published by the Fire Sectional Committees of Calcutta,
Bombay, Delhi and Madras Regional Councils of the Insurance
Associations of India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982,
amendments and additions were effected to bring the provisions in
line with current thinking on fire protection techniques and to
encourage installation of fixed fire extinguishing appliances/alarm
systems in relatively low hazard risks on the one hand and tighten
requirements for design of systems suitable for high hazard risks
such as Petroleum Refineries, Petrochemical and Fertiliser Plants
on the other hand, which, world-wide experience has indicated, need
copious quantities of water and other extinguishing media. In this
tenth Edition an effort has been made to further update and
streamline the regulations.
The Manual should prove of value to factory owners and their
technical personnel when dealing with matters relating to fire
extinguishing appliances and also constitute a handy book of
reference to Insurance officials.
The maintenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient
state and familiarisation with all details of operations is
essential if the maximum benefit is to be derived in the emergency
of an outbreak of a fire.
The Manual incorporates long experience of fire protection
engineering both in India and elsewhere in the world. Compliance of
the rules will not only obtain appropriate discount in the fire
insurance premium but will also instil feeling of security that the
presence of an efficient fire-fighting equipment should engender.
Direct loss from fire and the resultant wastage is always serious
but the indirect loss and the resultant dislocation of business is
often much more serious.
The Regional Offices of Tariff Adv. Committee maintain an
inspection staff of qualified engineers, specialists in fire
protection and prevention engineering and practice in all its
aspects. The services of this staff are available to make
recommendations and carry out inspections in keeping with the
nature of work. (All references to Committee or staff thereof in
this preface and in the body of the Manual apply to the Committee
controlling the territory within which the risk is situated).
The Manual initially deals with portable appliances and small
bore hose reels, which are considered as first-aid appliances. The
regulations regarding trailer pumps are covered next. The last part
is devoted to fixed external protection in the form of a hydrant
system which is considered the backbone of the entire fire-fighting
operations as it fights fires of serious proportions in all classes
of risks and continues to do so even in the event of a collapse of
the buildings/structures protected. High-rise buildings which have
become a common feature of modern society present inherent fire
hazard as fire brigades are often helpless in the face of fires in
such structures and are unable to save human lives and fight fires
effectively with traditional methods. A separate section has,
therefore, been devoted for prescribing the specialised type of
protection required by these structures.
In case it is desired to install any appliances, which are not
covered by this manual, assistance and advice may be obtained from
the inspection staff maintained by the Regional Offices.
Wherever reference to any Indian Standard appears in this
Manual, it should be taken as a reference to its latest
version.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
FIRE PROTECTION MANUALREQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF
PLANS:
Plans for submission to the Committee shall be drawn up in
accordance with the following requirements: -
1.1. Plans shall be clear, contain all required details
including scale and point of Compass and shall be dated.
1.2. Plans of new installations shall show the entire Compound;
all buildings therein, with their door and window openings, and the
boundary walls. Buildings under construction and future extension
envisaged shall be indicated by dotted lines. Plans of extensions
to approved existing installations need not show the rest of the
compound but sufficient details shall be given of the existing
installations in correlation to the extension, to enable the
Committees Inspection Staff to check the plans and offer comments.
In case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted shall include
plans of each storey together with sectional elevations. The
locations and details of fire access staircases together with the
arrangements of hydrants on their landings shall also be shown.
Further, a Table showing List of Blocks protected as per Committees
rules should be given.
1.3. Material: Plans shall be on White paper or Ammonia paper or
Ferro Prussiate paper.
1.4. Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with IS:
696, shall not exceed 850 x 1200 mm in size and shall be drawn to a
scale not exceeding 1:500 or 1:1000. In the case of very large
compounds with more than one risk, it is advisable to submit
separate plans for each risk with a key showing the relative
situation of the various risk etc. in the compounds.
1.5. Signs -
1.5.1 Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and windows
being clearly marked.
W
D
1.5.2 Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin line
and nature of Construction indicated.
1.5.3 Perfect Party Walls (PPW) to be indicated by the sign T at
each end of the wall, or have the letters PPW alongside or across
them at regular intervals and marked in distinctive colour.
1.5.4 Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows
-
Single Fireproof Door and/or Shutter SFD
Double Fireproof Doors and/or Shutters DFD
1.5.5 Elevated fire service tanks to be shown hatched and their
capacity and height of base above the highest roof to be
stated.
N.B. In case of multipurpose elevated tanks, the capacity
reserved for sprinkler installation to be indicated instead of the
total capacity.
1.5.6 Sky lights to be marked Sky Lights or " SL".
1.5.7 Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked
Boiler.
1.5.8 Hydrant Mains to be shown by a red line; the diameter,
length and number of pipes being marked alongside and specials and
reducers to be clearly indicated.
. . . . . mm LENGTH OF ___ M EACH
1.5.9 Hydrant Heads to be shown by red circles not less than 3
mm in diameter and marked SH. Double Hydrant to be indicated by
double circles and marked DH.
1.5.10 Water Monitors to be shown by a circle with an oblique
arrow through it and marked, WM
WM
1.5.11 Cut-off valves to be marked/drawn across the mains.
1.5.12 Sprinkler and Hydrant pumps to be clearly marked and the
capacity and head to be indicated in each case.
1.5.13 Pump(s) suction piping to be shown dotted and diameter
indicated.
1.5.14 Surface fire service Water tanks and reservoirs to be
shown to scale and average depth indicated.
1.5.15 Sprinkler trunk mains to be shown by a blue line, the
sizes being marked alongside.
. . . . . . mm SPK MAIN
1.5.16 Fire alarm bells to be shown by blue circles and marked
FAB.
F.A.B
1.5.17 Sprinklered blocks to be marked S S
1.5.18 Oil, solvent, acid and other chemical tanks to be drawn
to scale and suitably marked.
1.5.19 Open storage areas to be clearly shown by hatched
outlines and marked Open Storage Site for.
1.5.20 Electric cable(s) for the fire pump(s) to be shown in
green line(s)_________________
* * * * * * * * *
2. PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE CASE OF APPLICATION FOR
DISCOUNTS:2.0 The sanction of discounts off insurance premiums
shall necessarily follow consideration by the Regional Office (TAC)
all details of the risk including manufacturing processes involved
and the protective appliances to be installed in order to ensure
that the Standards laid down have been fully observed. To prevent
confusion or disappointment, definite rules for procedure have been
laid down as follows: -
2.1 Proposals for the installation of appliances shall be
submitted to the Regional Office (TAC) by the Leading Office on the
risk and shall comprise-
2.1.1 Material specifications of equipment and components of the
installation, indicating the name of manufacturers,
Standards/Specifications and name of approving authority, if
any.
2.1.2 In the case of internal appliances, details of the areas
of the various compartments, their occupation and the quantities
and types of appliances proposed.
2.1.3 In the case of sprinkler and hydrant installation, fully
dimensioned plans in duplicate as called for in Item 1.
2.1.4 In addition to the above, the following details would be
necessary in the case of hydrant installation -
a) (I) Drawings showing layout of the entire hydrant system,
incorporating type of joints, details of pump and its prime mover.
Another table giving the details of single headed and double headed
hydrants, internal hydrants, fire escape hydrants, no. of hose
pipes (15 m and 7.5 m length) and branch pipe with nozzles
including 10 % spares, mode of distribution of those pipes and
total equivalent no. of hydrants should be included. There should
be a table showing the percentage of various pipe diameters used in
the systems.
a) II) Typical sectional elevation drawing showing the height,
dimensions etc. of the stand post for single headed hydrant, double
headed hydrants, monitors specifying diameter of nozzle, riser
mains and landing valve of riser mains of FEH, Cut-Off valve
chambers in plan and elevation should be incorporated.
a) III) In case of blocks having upper floors, separate upper
floors plans showing the locations, fire escape hydrants (FEH) and
staircases, sectional elevational drawings of the escape staircase;
Riser main and location of landing valve of FEH should be
submitted, preferably along with, civil construction (architects)
drawings of individual blocks
N.B. In the case of storeyed blocks, floor area of each floor,
with particulars of fire proof shutters of fireproof door and
nearest machinery, wired glass windows etc. to be marked.
b) Layout of pump house showing clearly the suction, delivery
and priming (if any) arrangements along with full scale drawing of
pump, motor, diesel engine, DG Control panel, MCC for electric
driven pumps, Valves etc.
c) Details of water storage tanks giving particular of
compartmentation and jack-well, details of inflow and particulars
of tapings for other purposes, if any with water reservoir capacity
RCC or steel lined or un-lined, combined process water or exclusive
fire water reservoir should be given.
d) Sub-station location in relation to other blocks if the pump
is electrically driven. If the substation is attached to any other
building, the details of segregation from adjoining buildings,
indicating transformer room, LT, HT, location of
change-over-switch, DG Room etc.
e) Plans of Sub-Station showing thickness of internal walls and
equipment layout along with single line schematic diagram of the
pump from the main substation to the Fire Pump room along with
tapping, circuit breaker and switch fuse units.
f) Route of cable from Sub-Station to fire pump house.
g) Schematic circuit line diagram showing power supply inside
the fire pump room.
h) Legend explaining the various symbols used shown should be
given.
2.2 Discounts will be considered only if all hand appliances and
their accessories as well as all components of hydrant, sprinkler
and other fire protection systems are of a type and make, approved
by the Tariff Advisory Committee.
2.3 No discounts will be considered for a sprinkler or hydrant
system unless the same has been hydraulically tested with trenches
open atleast once during the course of installation by the
Committee's Inspectorate, and found in order. Further, site
engineer of the Installing Contractor should maintain progress
record with protocol duly signed by representative of the client
and him.
2.4 The prior submission of proposals to the Committee before
the work is commenced, is essential, to ensure that the
installation will conform to the Committees requirements but does
not dispense with the procedure laid down hereafter for application
for the sanction of discounts.
2.5 Application for discounts shall be submitted on special
forms provided for the purpose by the Committee and shall
comprise:
2.5.1 Application by the Leading Office (Appendix I)
2.5.2 Guarantee by the Insured (Appendix II)
2.5.3 Schedule of Appliances (Signed by Insured) (Appendix
III)
2.6 In every case, a plan of the premises prepared in accordance
with the requirements indicated in 1.1 to 1.5 shall accompany any
application for a discount for fire extinguishing appliances and,
in the case of sprinkler and/or hydrant installations, Installing
Engineers detailed 'As Erected working drawings are essential.
N.B. A Certificate of Completion from the installing Engineers
stating the pressure to which the installation(s) has been
subjected and giving the date(s) from which it was in complete
working order should also be submitted. Further, progress record
with protocol duly signed by client, installing contractor and/or
project consultants should be submitted.
2.7 Even in the case of extensions to an existing service, a
complete set of forms and plants detailed in 2.5 and 2.6 above
shall be submitted.
2.8 Applications, which relate to discounts for appliances other
than hydrants, shall also be accompanied by a plan of the premises
showing the layout and distribution of appliances.
2.9 No application for discount can be entertained until the
relative appliances are complete, in position, ready for use and
fully operative. An appropriate discount or allowance will be
sanctioned by the Committee from the date of the completed
application, (in accordance with 2.5 and 2.6 above) subject to the
appliances being found in order on inspection by the Committees
Inspectorate. In the event of the installation being found
incomplete or defective, the discount will be with held (or
withdrawn if already notified) until the detects have been
rectified to the satisfaction of the Committee.
2.10 No allowance shall be made for Fire Extinguishing
Appliances until notified by the Committee either by letter or
circular, and then, with effect only from the date specified in
such notification.
2.11 Discounts sanctioned solely on account of installation of
internal appliances will be valid for a period of four years only;
hence fresh applications, accompanied by the report of the
Engineers of the Insurance Company (as per Appendix IV) shall be
submitted every four years.
2.12 Proposals for the installation of appliances not
specifically covered by these rules shall first be submitted to the
Committee for approval.
2.13 Offices and the insured are requested not to change block
numbers as this naturally affects the Committees records and causes
confusion. If block numbers have to be changed, the Committee shall
be notified at once.
2.14 Discounts sanctioned for installation of appliances shall
normally stand withdrawn in the event of a strike or lockout in the
premises for duration of seven days or more. For this reason, it is
imperative that the Committee be apprised as soon as a strike or
lockout is declared.
* * * * * * * *
3. COMMITTEE'S INSPECTION STAFF:
3.1 The Committee undertakes, as far as possible, the periodical
inspection of all premises in which fire extinguishing appliances,
entitling the risk to special discounts or ratings for such
appliances, are installed.
For this purpose, the Committees Inspection Engineers shall have
the right of access to the premises of the Insured at any time with
or without giving any prior notice.
3.2 The Primary duty of the Inspectors is to report to the
Committee on the condition and efficiency of the appliances
installed as well as to ensure the regulations are being observed.
They will, however, give help and advice in the maintenance of the
appliances and on matters pertaining to fire protection and
prevention.
3.3 The attention of the Inspecting Engineers shall be drawn,
during their visits, to any changes effected since the previous
inspection or to any contemplated extensions and alterations to the
existing services. This procedure does not, however, dispense with
the necessity of advising the Insurance Company or Companies
interested on the risk of any changes, which affect the plan of the
risk or the details of the appliances, recorded with Committee.
* * * * * * * * *
4. INTERNAL APPLIANCES -
4. Internal appliances generally consist of hand appliances
(first aid appliances) and hose reels.4.1 HAND APPLIANCES -
4.1.1 GENERAL
4.1.1.1 Hand appliances comprise buckets and extinguishers.
4.1.1.2 ALL APPLIANCES INCLUDING EXTINGUISHER REFILLS AND FOAM
COMPOUND SHALL BE IN CAPACITIES INDICATED IN THE RELEVANT INDIAN
STANDARDS SPECIFICATION AND SHALL BEAR ISI CERTIFICATION MARK.
(Accessories including extinguisher refills shall also be ISI
marked) BUCKETS SHALL BE OF ROUND BOTTOM TYPE.
4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances is limited, as it is
entirely dependent upon the presence of persons having knowledge to
operate them. Everything depends, however, on the speed with which
they are brought into use as they are essentially First-Aid
equipment, only meant for attacking small fires in their incipient
stages and are not intended to deal with large outbreaks of
fires.
4.1.1.4 Since a variety of shapes and/or methods of operation of
fire extinguishers can at times lead to confusion and as failure to
operate the extinguishers properly in the first instance results in
failure to quench the fire, it is recommended that extinguishers
installed in any one building or single occupancy be similar in
shape and appearance and have the same method of operation as far
as possible.
4.1.1.5 It is recommended that an indicator board showing the
number of buckets and extinguishers installed in each department be
provided over or near the main entrance to the department. This
will enable the person in charge of the appliances to ascertain at
a glance if any appliances are missing.
4.1.1.6 It is advisable to provide conspicuous location
indicators of a suitable type for all extinguishers, particularly
those located in large compartments.
4.1.2 SELECTION OF HAND APPLIANCES:
4.1.2.1 Various types of hand appliances are available but all
are not equally effective on all kinds of fires. For this reason,
the nature of contents of a building, the processes carried out
therein and the types of fires, which may occur, shall be taken
into consideration while selecting fire appliances.
4.1.2.2 The different types of fires and appliances suitable for
use on them are as under
ClassCombustiblesHand Appliances
AFires in Ordinary combustibles (Wood, Vegetable fibres, rubber,
plastics, Paper and the likes).Gas expelled Water and Antifreeze
type extinguishers and Water Buckets.
BFires in flammable liquids, paints, grease, solvents and the
likes.Chemical Extin-guishers of Carbon dioxide type and Dry Powder
type and Sand Buckets.
CFires in Gaseous substances under pressure and liquefied
gases.Chemical Extin-guishers of Carbon di oxide and Dry Powder
type.
DFires in reactive chemicals, Active metals and the
likes.Special type of Dry Powder, Extin-guishers and sand
buckets
N.B - WHERE THE ENERGISED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN
A FIRE, THE NON-CONDUCTIVITY OF THE EXTINGUISING MEDIA IS OF UTMOST
IMPORTANCE AND ONLY EXTINGUISHERS EXPELLING DRY POWDER OR
CARBON-DI-OXIDE (WITHOUT METAL HORN) SHOULD BE USED. ONCE THE
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IS DE-ENERGISED EXTINGUISHERS SUITABLE FOR
CLASS A, B AND C, MAY BE USED SAFELY.
4.1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF HAND APPLIANCES -
4.1.3.1 Procedure -
The minimum number of fire extinguishers needed to protect a
property shall be determined as outlined below -
a) For any property, basic protection shall be appliances
suitable for Class A fires, Since Class A fires are of universal
character. The number of extinguishers shall be determined
according to rule 4.1.3.2.
b) For occupancies where Class B fires are anticipated, a
suitable number of appliances determined by rule 4.1.3.2 shall be
replaced by appliances as per table under rule 4.1.3.4.
c) For occupancies where fires of C & D types are
anticipated, the Committee may recommend appropriate
extinguishers.
4.1.3.2 One 9-litre water/sand bucket shall be provided for
every 100 sq. m of the floor area or part thereof and one 9-litre
water type extinguisher shall be provided to six buckets or part
thereof with a minimum of one extinguisher and two buckets per
compartment of the building.
N.B. In the case of Cotton Gin and Press factories, the supply
of hand appliances shall be doubled that indicated above.
4.1.3.3 Buckets may be dispensed with for occupancies other than
Cotton Gin and Press factories, provided the supply of
extinguishers is one- and-a-half times that indicated above in case
of Light Hazard Occupancies and double that indicated above in case
of other occupancies.
Note: For categorisation of occupancies refer rule 7.2
4.1.3.4 Acceptable replacements for water buckets and water type
extinguishers in occupancies where Class B fires are
anticipated.
Acceptable replacementWATER BUCKETS
Water type Extinguishers
For each 9 litre Extinguisher
For one bucket
For two buckets
Dry Sand1 bucket 3 bucket ---
Carbon-di-Oxide Extinguishers
(IS: 2878)03 Kg.09 Kg09 Kg
Dry Powder Extinguisher
(IS: 2171)
02 Kg 05 Kg 05 Kg
(In one or more extinguishers)
Note- Any combination of the various appliances referred to
above may be employed.
4.1.3.5 For electrical equipments, it would be necessary to
provide extinguishers as under
4.1.3.5.1 For rooms containing electrical transformers,
switchgears, motors and/or electrical apparatus only, not less than
two 2 Kg dry powder or carbon dioxide type of extinguishers shall
be provided within 15 m of the apparatus.
4.1.3.5.2 Where motors and/or other electrical equipments are
installed in rooms other than those containing such equipments
only, one 5 Kg dry powder or carbon di oxide extinguisher shall be
installed within 15 m of such equipments in addition to the
requirement of rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4 for this purpose, the same
extinguisher may be deemed to afford protection to all apparatus
within 15 m thereof.
4.1.3.5.3 Where electrical motors are installed on platforms,
one 2 Kg dry powder or carbon di oxide extinguisher shall be
provided on or below each platform.
In the case of long platform with a number of motors, one
extinguisher shall be accepted as adequate for every three motors
on the common platform.
NB- the above requirement will be in addition to the
requirements of rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4
4.1.3.6 If in the premises, fires of class C and D are also
likely to occur, the appropriate extinguishers and the number of
such extinguisher will be decided by the Committee, in view of the
special nature of occupancies.
4.1.3.7 Under special conditions, wheeled type of extinguishers
may be installed with the prior approval of the Committee.
4.1.3.8 The appliances shall be so distributed over the entire
floor area, that a person has to travel not more than 15 m to reach
the nearest appliance.
Example - The following example will illustrate the method of
determining the number of fire extinguishers required to give
adequate protection for a given property.
Risk: Light Engineering Workshop (Light Hazard).
Area: 315 m x 112 m. i.e. 35,300 sq. m.
Types of Fires:
i) Class `A' fire due to normal combustibles.
ii) Class `B' fire due to existence of Spray Painting process
and storage of flammable liquids.
Number of appliances:
i) Basic Protection -
353 Buckets and
59 Water type Extinguishers OR
90 Water types Extinguishers, if buckets are dispensed with.
ii) For Class B fires 2 Water type Extinguishers are replaced by
2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.
iii) For electrical equipments 6 Dry Powder Extinguisher are
provided. Thus the final number of Extinguishers is:
Water type
88
Dry Powder type
08
Total
96
4.1.4 Selection of Sites for the Installation of Hand
Appliances:
4.1.4.1 When selecting sites for hand appliances due
consideration shall be given to the nature of the risk to be
covered. Appliances shall be placed in conspicuous position and
shall be readily accessible for immediate use in all parts of the
occupancy. It should always be borne in mind while selecting sites
that hand appliances are intended only for use on incipient fires
and their value may be negligible if the fire is not extinguished
or brought under control in the early stages.
4.1.4.2 Generally, hand appliances shall be placed as near as
possible to exits or staircase landings. Wherever possible,
advantage shall be taken of normal routes of escape by placing
appliances in positions where they can readily be seen by persons
following the natural impulse to get out of danger. It is not
advisable to place appliances at the end of rooms remote from exits
unless they are necessary to cover a particular hazard there.
4.1.4.3 Buckets shall be placed at convenient and easily
accessible locations either on hangers or on stands. In the case of
textile mills, it is strongly advised that a bucket be slung at the
end of each spinning and roving frame.
4.1.5 Maintenance of Hand Appliances:
4.1.5.1 General
4.1.5.1.1 It is important that hand appliances are always kept
in their proper positions and if temporarily removed for repairs,
are immediately replaced. In order to ensure this, all concerns
shall arrange to provide at least one man, preferably a pump man,
whose duty is to see that the fire buckets are filled with water
and the extinguishers are in efficient working order and that all
appliances are in their correct positions.
4.1.5.1.2 It is recommended that in case the paint of any hand
appliance gets chipped off or gets faded; it shall be repainted to
prevent it from rust and corrosion.
4.1.5.2 Buckets:
4.1.5.2.1 Fire buckets shall not be used for any purpose other
than that for which they are intended, and shall always be kept
full of water/sand.
4.1.5.2.2 To prevent breeding of mosquitoes and to comply with
rules of local bodies, the water in fire buckets shall be refilled
every week and treated with sapon creosote or phenyl in suitable
quantities to just discolour the water.
4.1.5.2.3 All buckets shall be refilled with clean water or
sand, as the case may be, immediately after use.
4.1.5.2.4 Spare buckets to the extent of 10 % of the total
number installed on the premises, subject to a maximum of 50, shall
always be kept in store.
4.1.5.3 Extinguishers:
4.1.5.3.1 Spare charges to the extent of 10 % of the total
number of extinguishers installed, with a minimum of two shall
always be kept in stock for each type of extinguisher and be
readily available.
4.1.5.3.2 Once a week, the extinguisher shall be checked to
ensure that all movable parts are working properly, that the
plunger is in fully extended position, that the nozzle is not
obstructed in any way and that there is no leakage of the
extinguishing medium from the glands and nozzles. The extinguishers
shall be cleaned superficially and the brass parts polished. The
nozzle outlet and vent holes in the threaded portion of the cap
shall be checked for clogging.
4.1.5.3.3 Once a month, extinguishers of the Carbon Dioxide type
shall be weighed. If the weight recorded for any extinguisher is
less than 90 % of the weight of the fully charged extinguisher as
marked on the body, the extinguisher shall be sent for
recharging.
4.1.5.3.4 Half the total number of water type of extinguishers
and one-fifth of the total number of Dry Powder Extinguishers
installed in the premises shall be subjected to an operation test
annually. Advantage shall be taken of this test to impart training
in the use of extinguishers, to the staff employed on the premises
where the extinguishers are located.
N.B. Extinguishers, which have been used in a fire during a
period of six months preceding the tests, need not be taken for
testing.
4.1.5.3.5 Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be
subjected to a hydraulic test as specified in IS: 2190 and at such
intervals as laid down therein. Extinguishers found leaking or
distorted shall be rejected. Under no circumstances shall such
extinguishers be welded and reused.
N.B. The hydraulic test shall be certified by the
manufacturer(s) of the appliance(s) or the factory Chief Engineer
or the Factory Fire OR SAFETY OFFICER or the service
contractors.
4.1.5.3.6 A record of the operation and hydraulic tests shall be
maintained, which shall be open to examination by the Committees
inspection staff.
4.1.5.3.7 The operating instructions of the extinguishers shall
not be defaced or obliterated. In case the operating instructions
are obliterated or have become illegible due to passage of time,
fresh transfers of the same shall be obtained from the
manufacturers of the appliances and affixed to the
extinguishers.
4.2 Small Bore Hose Reels:
(This sort of protection is not deemed suitable for
buildings/compartments containing electrical apparatus only or in
respect of buildings/ compartments in which flammable liquids are
stored and/or used)
4.2.1 HOSE REELS SHALL NORMALLY BE CONNECTED TO THE GENERAL
WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES OF THE PLANT/PREMISES.
4.2.2 The number and distribution of hose reels shall be such
that the whole of each floor is protected and that no part of the
floor is more than 6 m. distant from a hose nozzle when the hose is
fully extended.
4.2.3 The hose reel shall be such as will enable not less than
22.5 litres of water to be discharged per minute through a nozzle
of not more than 6.35 mm. internal diameter.
4.2.4 Hose shall be of reinforced rubber not less than 19 mm.
and not more than 32 mm. internal diameter.
4.2.5 Hose lengths shall not exceed 36.50 m.
************
5. MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS
5.1 Application:
5.1.1 This method of protection will be accepted on its own
merits for the protection of blocks/facilities (other than open
storage) in light and ordinary hazard occupancies. Even in these
occupancies buildings, which have the highest point of the roof not
exceeding 20 meters, shall only be deemed to be protected.
5.1.2 For effective application, mobile engines and/or trailer
pumps shall be sited at convenient locations from where they can be
speedily moved to any portion of the compound in the event of a
fire and for this purpose adequate vehicular arrangements shall be
available for towing trailer pumps.
5.2 Personnel:
In order to qualify for recognition, a fire fighting squad in
accordance with rules 7.9.1 to 7.9.10 shall be maintained on the
premises round the clock.
5.3 Equipment:
5.3.1 Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the
relevant Indian Standards Specification or equivalent foreign
specification and carry the requisite number and type of fittings
and accessories specified in such standards. Besides, each trailer
pump shall be provided with 12 lengths of 15 m long hosepipes of 63
mm diameter and six branch pipes with nozzles of 18 mm diameter.
For each motor fire engine, eighteen hosepipes each 15 m long and
63 mm diameter and nozzles of 18 mm shall be provided along with
nine branch piupes.
5.3.2 The capacities of individual trailer pumps and motor fire
engine shall not be less than
Trailer Pump30 litres per second at 5.6 kg./sq. cm.
Motor Fire Engines30 litres per second at 7.0 kg./sq. cm.
5.3.3 The number of appliances required shall not be less than
that laid down hereunder -
a) Light Hazard Occupancies1trailer pump for every 7,000 m2 of
total built up area of protected process and storage blocks subject
to a maximum of 3
b) Ordinary Hazard Occupancies1trailer pump for every 5,000 Sq.
m. of total built up area of protected process and storage blocks
subject to a max. 4
N.B. - One motor fire engine could be provided as substitute for
two trailer pumps. Portable fire pump sets (1,100-1,600 l/min.) Can
also be accepted treating such units as equivalent to one trailer
pump of 1,800 l/min provided these sets conform to IS:
12717-1989.
5.3.4 For storeyed structures, in addition to the trailer pumps
and/or motor fire engines, dry risers of size conforming to N.B. 4
under rule 7.5.10 shall be installed with hydrant outlets at each
floor level and double male instantaneous inlets at ground level to
serve as connections for the trailer pumps in the event of a fire.
The hydrants for the upper floors shall be installed on landings of
access staircases complying with rule 7.6.15 and a hose box
containing two lengths of hose of 7.5 m (or 25 ft.) each and one
nozzle shall be provided alongside each of the upper floor
hydrants. The number of risers per building and correspondingly the
number of access staircases shall depend on the floor area of upper
storeys and for this purpose the requirement of rule 7.6.15 shall
apply.
N.B. Where it is not possible to fully comply with the
provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall be made to the
Committee.
5.4 Water Supply:
5.4.1 The water supply to be drawn upon by trailer pumps or
motor fire engines shall be available in static tanks of at least
45,000 litres capacity so located that no part of a protected
building lies beyond 100 m. of the tank(s).
N.B. 1. In the case of storeyed buildings, the tank shall not be
more than 50 m. from any part of the building.
N.B. 2. Provision shall be made for indicating the capacity of
the tanks for various depths.
5.4.2 One static tank shall be provided for buildings with light
hazard occupancy and two for buildings with ordinary hazard
occupancy. (Tank shall be so located as to give easy access to the
fire brigade).
N.B. The same tank(s) shall be considered as the source of water
supply for all detached buildings where no part of the building(s)
lies beyond 100 m. of the tank. The above distance shall be reduced
to 50 m. in the case of storeyed buildings.
5.4.3 Double-headed hydrants or water plugs of 100 mm diameter
fitted to the pressurised general water service main of the
premises may be considered as an alternative to static tank
provided that:
a) The water-pressure constantly maintained in the main is not
less than 0.7 kg./cm2.
b) The size of the main is at least 100 mm.
c) For light hazard occupancy, one double- headed hydrant or one
100 mm water plug is so located that no part of the building is
beyond 100 m thereof. For ordinary hazard occupancy, two double-
headed hydrants or two 100 mm water plugs are located as above.
N.B. In the case of storeyed buildings, the above distance shall
be reduced to 50 m.
d) The pumping capacity of the general water supply is not less
than the aggregate pumping capacity of the trailer pumps and/or
motor fire engines.
e) The storage of general water supply is in excess of 1,00,000
litres.
6. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
(NON-INDUSTRIAL)
6.1 Introduction -
6.1.1 A building, the highest floor of which is more than 22 M
above the surrounding pavement level, shall be considered as a
high-rise building.
6.1.2 The rules are applicable to all types of buildings with
non-industrial occupancies such as Residential Hotels, Mercantile/
Business/Office buildings, apartments etc.
6.1.3 In case of Buildings situated in slopping terrain,
reference shall be made to the Committee in advance with full
particulars.
6.2 Hydrant Protection (at ground or yard levels) -
6.2.1 The ground level protection with hydrants on terminal
mains will be acceptable, provided the plinth area of the building
to be protected is less than 750 m2. The location of the hydrants
at ground level as well as the layout of the hydrants system shall,
otherwise, comply with various provisions under Section 7 of this
manual.
6.2.2 In case of buildings having a plinth area in excess of 750
m2, the location of the hydrants at ground level as well as the
layout of the hydrant system shall be governed by the appropriate
provisions under Section 7.6 of this manual. The Committee reserves
its right of insisting on water monitors in place of few hydrants
if deemed necessary.
6.2.3 Orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the
landing valves, where necessary, to limit the operating pressures
within 7 kg/cm2.
6.2.4 Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be
situated 1.0 m above ground level.
6.3 Hydrant Protection - at various upper/lower (basement)
levels
6.3.1 Access staircase
6.3.1.1 Design for a new building shall include provisions for
adequate access staircases and lifts to provide efficient means of
escape and facilities for fire fighting.
6.3.1.2 One lobby approach staircase along with fire lift shall
be provided for every 1,000 m2 of floor area of each storey/level
(including basements). Normally a minimum of two such staircases
shall be required but in case the area of each storey is less than
500 m2, one staircase is acceptable.
6.3.1.3 The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible
construction. At least 50 % of total numbers of staircases required
(with a minimum of one) shall be so located that one of their
enclosing walls be an external wall of the building.
6.3.1.4 Doors at the entrances of both the lobby approach access
staircases and fire lifts shall be provided with self-closing,
smoke-tight doors having one-hour fire resistance. This arrangement
will enable escape and fire fighting to be effected more
efficiently.
NOTE: If the staircases and the fire lifts are located in the
core of the building, a positive pressure of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in
excess of pressure in the lobby whichever is higher, shall be
maintained within the former as an alternative to the above
provision.
6.3.1.5 The fire lifts shall be controlled by the fire brigade
recall from the concourse level and shall not respond to other
calls after the fire brigade key has been activated. The cable
supplying power to the lift motor shall pass through routes of
negligible fire risk.
6.3.2 Wet Risers -
6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s) is/are a pipe or a number of pipes,
permanently charged with water under pressure, rising through the
full height of the building.
6.3.2.2 The wet risers shall be located within the lobby
approach staircases.
6.3.2.3 The diameter of the riser pipes shall not be less than
150 mm anywhere. One or two landing valves shall be connected to
the riser pipe at each storey/level. In case of excessive pressures
in hydrant outlets at lower levels, orifice plates of suitable
design shall be provided in the landing valves, where necessary, to
limit the operating pressure to 7 kg/cm2.
6.4 Hose Pipes and Nozzles
6.4.1 Sufficient length of hose, subject to a minimum of two
lengths of 15 M each with couplings attached, shall be provided for
use in case of each hydrant point on risers. In addition, one
nozzle of 20 mm size fitted to a branch pipe shall also be
provided. To avoid water damage, it is advisable to have reinforced
rubber-lined hoses for use with internal hydrants. (IS-636)
6.4.2 The number of hose pipes provided near external yard
hydrants shall be such that no part of the floor is more than 15 M
from a hose nozzle when the hose is fully extended and connected to
hydrant landing valve.
6.4.3 Hoses, nozzles and branch pipes shall be kept adjacent to
the hydrant outlet, in wall boxes or recesses in the walls
specially designed to blend architecturally with the buildings, if
so desired. All other requirements relating to the appurtenances
shall be as per the provisions under Section 7.7 of this
Manual.
6.5 Pumping Arrangements
6.5.1 Each wet hydrant installation shall be supplied with water
by an auto-start pumping set. A stand-by pump set of identical
pumping capacity having a different prime mover shall also be
provided.
6.5.2 Pumps shall have capacities of 38 Litres. per seconds (137
m3 per hour) or 47 Litres. per second (171 m3 per hour) and the
head generated at the rated discharge shall be such that a minimum
pressure of 3.5 Kg/cm2 will be available at the highest landing
valve in the premises.
6.5.3 The suction, delivery and priming arrangements for the
pump shall comply with provision under Section 7.4.1 of this
Manual.
6.5.4 Jockey pump(s) shall be installed in addition to the main
pump set(s). The pressure setting for the pump(s) shall be such
that it cuts in approximately at 0.35 Kg/cm2 below the normal
system pressure and cut out at normal system pressure. The main
fire pump(s) shall be arranged to cut in approximately at 1 Kg/cm2
below the normal system pressure and shall be capable only of
manual shut down at churn pressure.
6.5.5 The power supply to the fire pump(s) shall be independent
of all other supplies within the premises. In other words even when
the power supply to the entire premises is switched off, the supply
to the fire pump(s) and other essential equipment shall remain
uninterrupted.
6.5.6 Pump room shall be normally located detached in the
compound of the building and shall preferably be 6 m away from the
building. Where it is not feasible the pump room can be located
inside the building provided it is segregated from the remainder of
the building in accordance with Committees regulations and access
to the pump room from the out side of the building shall be either
direct or through a passage which has no openings other than to the
pump room.
6.5.7 The pumping installation for the high rise installations
shall conform to anyone of the following methods to avoid
undesirably high pressures in the riser mains -
a) Two pumps, one having a low head connected to the riser
feeding the lower storeys and the other having a higher head
connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys, shall be
installed.
b) A multistage multi-outlet pump shall be installed, separate
outlets being connected to the riser feeding the lower storeys and
those feeding the upper floors. (See figure 1 and 2)
N.B. - For buildings over 60 M in height, hydrant system may
either be designed as above or may be divided into pressure zones.
For each zone the water supply for the fire protection would be
designed to have pressure within the normal operating ranges and
zones of eight to ten storeys would be adequate with a check valve
in each zone to prevent the transmission of pressure to the zone
below (each zone shall have a height of 20 m to 25 m)
In each zone of fire protection piping, there shall be a gravity
or pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented by a fire pump
to provide required flow in the zone. The fire pump shall not be
used to fill gravity or pressure tank.
This should be filled from domestic water lines. In this
arrangement, the pump in the lowest zone takes suction from suction
tank located at ground floor whereas pumps in other zones take
suction from the gravity/pressure tanks in the respective zone
(See. Fig. 3)
N.B.1: - In addition to the above system, a gravity tank of
25,000 litres capacity shall be provided on the top of the building
and it shall be connected to the pump delivery through a non-return
valve.
N.B.2 - The pump controls can be located with the pump in each
zone. It can also be provided at the ground floor depending upon
the suitability and practicability of the particular building in
question.
6.6 Water Source -
6.6.1 Effective capacity of fire fighting tank (See rule No.
7.3) shall not be less than 2 hrs. aggregate pumping capacity for
buildings less than 60 m in height. The tank capacity shall,
however, be increased to 3 hrs. pumping capacity for buildings
having height 60 m and above. The tanks shall be constructed in two
independent but interconnected compartments as per rule 7.3 of this
Manual.
The fire tank must be in two compartments with a baffle wall in
between not going right down to the base of the tank. This
arrangement will ensure proper circulation of the firewater and
prevent stagnation. (See figure below).
6.6.2 The storage tank shall be provided with a 150 mm fire
brigade pumping connection to discharge at least 2,275 Litres per
minute into the tank. This connection shall not be taken directly
into the side of the storage tank, but arranged to discharge not
less than 150 mm above the overflow level of the tank. The
connection shall be fitted with stop valve in a position approved
by the committee in advance. An overflow connection discharging to
a visible drain point shall be provided from the storage tank.
6.6.3 The fire brigade connection shall be fitted with four
numbers of 63 mm instantaneous inlets in a glass fronted wall box
at a suitable position at street level, so located as to make the
inlets accessible from outside of the building. The size of the
wall box shall be adequate to allow hose to be connected to the
inlets, even if the door cannot be opened and the glass has to be
broken. Each box shall have fall of 25 mm towards the front at its
base and shall be glazed with wired glass with "FIRE BRIGADE INLET"
painted on the inner face of the glass in 50 mm size block
letters.
6.6.4 In addition to the emergency fire brigade connection to
the storage tank, a 150 mm connection shall be taken from the four
63 mm instantaneous inlets direct to each hydrant riser so that the
fire brigade may pump to the hydrants in the event of hydrant pumps
being out of the commission. The connection direct to each riser
shall be fitted with a sluice and reflux valve each.
6.7 Fire Fighting Staff
6.7.1 A fire fighting squad consisting of security and
maintenance personnel under the command of a trained fire chief,
conversant with the fire control system of the premises, shall be
available. Further, the public fire brigade shall also be
acquainted with what is being installed in the premises and how the
protection systems operate. For this purpose, details of the
arrangements for fire fighting systems and the layout plan
incorporating the position of the existing fire protection system
shall be forwarded to the local fire brigade for their information
and necessary action.
6.7.2 As the efficiency of the wet riser system depends on the
manner and speed at which they are brought into use, a squad
consisting of trained personnel and fire pimp man shall be
maintained on the premises round the clock. The number of personnel
for the squad shall necessarily depend upon the size of the
building but in no case shall be less than four trained persons
(excluding officer in charge on duty and pump man) be available at
anytime during the day or night.
6.7.3 A public address system shall be provided on each floor
including the control room in order to enable security and fire
fighting staff to give evacuation instructions to the occupants in
case of fire. Evacuation drills shall be arranged periodically.
6.7.4 A metal strip of 25 mm x 3 mm section shall be provided in
the staircase enclosure running throughout the height of the
building to facilitate transmission and reception of fire messages
through walkie-talkie sets used by brigade personnel. The strip
shall be electrically insulated from the ground.
6.7.5 A plan of the risk giving floor-wise details of all fire
extinguishing appliances and water supplied shall be displayed in
the pump house as well as in the room of the security/fire officer
who is in charge of the appliances.
* * * * * * * * * * * * *
7. HYDRANT SERVICE -
Installation of Hand Appliances as per the Committees
Regulations is a prerequisite for any occupancy, other than storage
occupancy, to be entitled to allowance for this system.
7.1 GENERAL -
7.1.0 The following Regulations are not applicable to High-Rise
Buildings, the highest floor of which is more than 22 m above the
surrounding ground level or to Cotton Gin and Press Factories, for
which reference may be made to Sections 6 and 8 respectively.
7.1.1 A well designed and well laid hydrant service is the
backbone of the entire fire fighting equipment as it fights fires
of serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to be
in full operation even if part(s) of affected buildings and/or
structures have collapsed, and also keeps cool all adjoining
properties, thereby minimising the exposure hazards.
7.1.2 The advantages of providing for possible future extensions
in any scheme of hydrant protection is often overlooked. A
comparatively small extension with its attendant friction losses
may overload a main so seriously as to necessitate replacement by
one of larger size and the small additional initial cost of mains
of somewhat larger capacity than immediate requirements may call
for, often leads to ultimate economy.
7.1.3 All components of the hydrant system shall be of a type
and make approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.
7.1.4 The standards laid down in this Manual represent the
accumulated experience of many years but even when a hydrant
service is designed and laid in accordance with these standards,
its efficiency in fire fighting will ultimately depend upon the
rapidity with which it is brought into action and the ability with
which its effort is directed.
7.1.5 The maintenance of an installation is equally vital and
the importance of organised wet drills at regular intervals, which
ensure that each man carries out his allotted duties in the
shortest possible time cannot be too strongly emphasised. (Please
see rule 7.10 in this connection).
7.2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF OCCUPANCIES -
7.2.0 As the water supply, pumping capacity and other features
of the hydrant system depend not only on the size of the risk but
also on its fire growth and spread potentialities, the risks are to
be categorised under the following classes for the purpose of
hydrant system design:
N.B. For categorisation of occupancies not listed hereunder
reference shall be made to the Regional Offices.
7.2.1 LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:
1. Abrasive Manufacturing Premises
2. Aerated Water Factories
3. Agarbatti Manufacturing
4. Aluminium/Zinc and Copper Factories
5. Analytical and/or Quality Control Laboratories
6. Asbestos Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.
7. Battery Charging/Service Station
8. Battery Manufacturing
9. Breweries
10. Brick Works
11. Canning Factories
12. Cardamom Factories
13. Cement Factories and/or Asbestos Products Manufacturing.
14. Ceramic Factories and Crockery and Stoneware Pipe
Manufacturing.
15. Cinema Theatres (including Preview Theatres)
16. Clay Works
17. Clock and Watch Manufacturing
18. Clubs
19. Coffee Curing & Roasting Premise
20. Computer installations (Main Frame)
21. Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and
Dairies.
22. Confectionery Manufacturing
23. Dwellings
24. Educational and Research Institutes
25. Electric Generating Houses (Hydel)
26. Electric Lamps (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and TV
Picture Tube Manufacturing.
27. Electric Sub-Station/Distribution Station.
28. Electro Plating Works.
29. Electronic and/or Computer Equipments Assemble and
Manufactures
30. Empty Containers Storage Yard
31. Engineering Workshops.
32. Fruits and Vegetables Dehydrating/Drying Factories.
33. Fruit Products and Condiment Factories.
34. Glass & Glass Fibre Manufacturing.
35. Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-combustible Goods.
36. Green houses
37. Gold Thread Factories/Gilding Factories.
38. Gum and/or Glue and Gelatine Manufacturing.
39. Hospitals including X-ray and other Diagnostic Clinics.
40. Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.
41. Ice Factories.
42. Ink (excluding Printing Ink) Factories
43. Laundries.
44. Libraries.
45. Mica Products Manufacturing.
46. Office Premises.
47. Places of worship
48. Pottery Works.
49. Poultry Farms.
50. Residential Hotels, Cafes & Restaurants.
51. Salt Crushing Factories and Refineries.
52. Stables.
53. Steel Plants (other than Gas based)
54. Sugar Candy Manufacturing.
55. Sugar Factories and Refineries.
56. Tea Blending and Tea Packing Factories
57. Umbrella Assembling Factories
58. Vermicelli Factories.
59. Water Treatment/Water Filtration Plants and Water Pump
House.
7.2.2 ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:
1. Airport and other Transportation Terminal Building.
2. Areca nut slicing and/or Betel nut Factories.
3. Atta and Cereal Grinding.
4. Bakeries.
5. Beedi Factories.
6. Biscuit Factories.
7. Bobbin Factories.
8. Bookbinders, Envelopes & Paper bag Manufacturers.
9. Bulk Storage
10. Cable manufacturing
11. Camphor Boiling
12. Candle Works.
13. Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.
14. Cardboard Box Manufacturing.
15. Carpenters, Wood wool & Furniture Manufacturers.
16. Carpet and Drugget Factories.
17. Cashew nut Factories.
18. Chemical Manufacturing.
19. Cigar and Cigarette Factories.
20. Coffee grinding premises
21. Coir, Factories,
22. Coir Carpets, Rugs and Tobacco, Hides and Skin Presses
23. Cold storage premises.
24. Cork products manufacturing
25. Dry Cleaning, Dyeing, Laundries.
26. Electric Generating stations (other than Hydel)
27. Enamelware Factories.
28. Filter & Wax paper Manufacturing.
29. Flour Mills.
30. Garages.
31. Garment Makers
32. Ghee Factories (other than vegetable)
33. Godowns & Warehouses (others).
34. Grain and/or Seeds Disintegrating and/or Crushing
Factories.
35. Grease Manufacturing.
36. Hat and Topee Factories.
37. Hosiery, Lace, Embroidery & Thread Factories.
38. Incandescent Gas Mantle Manufacturers,
39. Industrial Gas Mfg. Including halogenated hydrocarbon
gases
40. Linoleum Factories.
41. Man-made Yarn/Fibre Manufacturing (Except Acrylic)
42. Manure and Fertiliser Works. (Blending, Mixing and
granulating only)
43. Mercantile Occupancies (Dept. Stores, Shopping Complexes /
Malls)
44. Mineral Oil Blending and Processing.
45. Museums.
46. Oil & Leather Cloth Factories.
47. Oil Terminals/Depots other than those categorised under High
hazard A
48. Oxygen Plants.
49. Plywood Manufacturing/Wood Veneering Factories.
50. Paper & Cardboard Mills.
51. Piers, wharves, dockyards.
52. Plastic Goods Manufacturing.
53. Printing Press Premises.
54. Pulverising and Crushing Mills.
55. Rice Mills.
56. Rope Works.
57. Rubber Goods Manufacturing.
58. Rubber Tyres & Tubes Manufacturing
59. Shellac Factories.
60. Shopping Complexes (underground)
61. Silk Filatures and cocoon stores.
62. Spray painting
63. Soaps and Glycerine Factories.
64. Starch Factories
65. Steel Plants (Gas Based)
66. Tanneries/Leather Goods Manufacturers.
67. Tank farms other than those categorised under high hazard
'A'.
68. Textile Mills.
69. Tea Factories.
70. Telephone Exchanges.
71. Theatres and Auditoriums
72. Tobacco (Chewing) and Pan-masalla Making.
73. Tobacco Grinding and Crushing.
74. Tobacco Redrying Factories.
75. Woollen Mills.
7.2.3 HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:
SUB-CATEGORY (A)
1. Aircraft Hangers
2. Aluminium/Magnesium Powder Plants
3. Bituminised Paper and/or Hessian Cloth Manufacturing
including Tar Felt Manufacturing.
4. Cotton Waste Factories
5. Coal and/or Coke and/or Charcoal Ball Briquettes
Manufacturing.
6. Celluloid Goods Manufacturing.
7. Cigarette Filter Manufacturing.
8. Cinema Films & T.V. Production Studios
9. Collieries.
10. Cotton Seed Cleaning or De-linting Factories.
11. Distilleries.
12. Duplicating and Stencil Paper Manufacturing.
13. Fire-works Manufacturing.
14. Foamed Plastics Manufacturing and/or Converting Plants.
15. Grass, Hay, Fodder & Bhoosa (chaff)
16. Pressing Factories.
17. Jute mills & jute presses
18. LPG Bottling Plants (Mini)* * Bottling plants having total
inventory not exceeding 100 MT of LPG and also bottling a total
quantity of not exceeding 20 MT of LPG per shift of 8 hrs.
19. Match Factories.
20. Man Made Fibres (Acrylic fibres/yarn making)
21. Mattress and Pillow Making.
22. Metal or Tin Printers (where more than 50 % of floor area is
occupied as Engineering Workshop; this may be taken as Ordinary
Hazard Risk)
23. Oil Mills
24. Oil Extraction Plants (other than those forming part of ghee
factories & oil refining factories.)
25. Oil Terminals/Depots handling flammable liquids having flash
point of 32o C and below.
26. Paints & Varnish Factories.
27. Printing Ink Manufacturing.
28. Saw Mills.
29. Sponge Iron Plants.
30. Surgical Cotton Manufacturers
31. Tank Farms storing flammable liquids having flash point of
32o C and below.
32. Tarpaulin & Canvas Proofing Factories.
33. Turpentine & Rosin Distilleries.
34. Tyre Retreading and Resoling Factories.
SUB-CATEGORY (B)
1. Ammonia and Urea Synthesis Plants.
2. CNG Compressing and Bottling Plants
3. Explosive Factories.
4. LPG Bottling Plants (Other than Mini)
5. Petrochemical Plants.
6. Petroleum Refineries.
7.3 WATER SUPPLY -
7.3.1 Water for the hydrant services shall be stored in an
easily accessible surface/underground lined reservoir or above
ground tanks of steel concrete or masonry. The effective capacity
of the reservoir above the low water level (defined hereunder), or
above the top of the pump casing (in case of flooded suction) if
the same is higher than the low water level, for the various
classes of occupancies and size of hydrant installations shall be
as indicated in the table 1.
NOTES
1. The low water level is a point atleast three times the
diameter of the suction pipe above the draw-off point. (See figs.4,
5 and 6)
2. Large natural reservoirs with water capacity exceeding 10
times the aggregate water requirements of all Fire Pumps therefrorm
may be left un-lined.
7.3.2 Reservoirs of and over 2,25,000 litres capacity shall be
in two interconnected equal compartments to facilitates cleaning
and repairs.
7.3.3 The size of the firewater sump shall be such that the
smaller side is at least equivalent to six times the diameter of
the largest suction pipe. The suction pipe (s) shall be located
along the central longitudinal axis of the sump and the positioning
of the pipes shall be such that no pipe is within a distance of
twice its own diameter from another suction pipe or from the wall
of the sump.
7.3.4 Where the Fire pump(s) draw water from the reservoir under
suction lift conditions the two compartments shall be connected to
a common sump through sluice or gate valves. The suction
arrangement of the Fire pump (s) shall be as indicated in rule
7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.10 and 7.4.1.12 hereunder.
7.3.5 In case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water
and general water requirements the general water pumps shall draw
their supply from a separate sump which shall be connected only to
the fire water sump, the interconnection being so located that the
effective quantity (as defined above) of water available in the
reservoir for fire water requirements below the level of the
interconnection is atleast equivalent to the quantities indicated
in Table 1. Incoming mains shall be connected to Fire water
Compartments and only overflow of fire water compartments should go
to process.
7.3.6 Where the reservoir provides positive suction for the fire
pump(s) in terms of the note under rules 7.4.1.11, tapping shall be
taken from both the compartments and shall be connected through
sluice valves to a common suction header. The pumps, in turn, shall
draw their suction from the common header through sluice valves. In
case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and general
water requirements, the tapping for the general water pumps shall
be taken at a higher level such that the capacity of the reservoir
between the low water level as defined heretofore (or the top of
the fire pump casing in case it is higher than the low water level)
and the general water tapping is at least equivalent to the
requirements indicated in Table 1.
TABLE - 1
NATURE OF RISKCAPACITY OF STATIC STORAGE EXCLUSIVELY RESERVED
FOR HYDRANT SERVICE.
1. Light HazardNot less than 01 hours aggregate pumping capacity
with a minimum of 1,35,000 litres.
2. Ordinary HazardNot less than 2 hours aggregate pumping
capacity.
3. High Hazard (A)Not less than 3 hours aggregate pumping
capacity
4. High Hazard (B)Not less than 4 hour's aggregate pumping
capacity
NOTES
1. The capacity of the reservoir for ordinary and high hazard
class occupancies may be reduced by the quantum of inflow [of one
hour in case of ordinary hazard, 90 minutes in case of high hazard
(A) and two hours in case of high hazard (B) occupancies), from a
reliable sources (other than town's main) having prior approval of
the committee, but in no case shall the reservoir capacity be less
than 70 % of that mentioned above.
2. In case of light hazard class occupancies the minimum
capacity of the reservoir shall be increased to 2,25,000 litres if
the highest floor of the building is more than 15 m above the
surrounding ground level.
3. A higher capacity of reservoir than that required as per
Table 1 may be stipulated by the Committee where considered
necessary.
7.4 PUMPS:
7.4.1 GENERAL
7.4.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting
purposes, be of a type approved by the Committee, and shall be
-
a) Quadruple acting reciprocating steam pumps Orb) Electric
Motor or Steam Turbine driven centrifugal pumps Orc) Compression
Ignition Engine driven centrifugal pumps Ord) Vertical Turbine
Submersible pumps.
7.4.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of
engine-driven Vertical Turbine Pumps wherein gear drives conforming
to approval standard of Factory Mutual system or right angled gear
drive class no. 1338 hall be used.
Belt-driven pumps shall not be accepted.
7.4.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring
etc. shall be of non-corrosive metal preferably of brass or bronze
or stainless steel.
Where seawater is used or where the quality of water
necessitates the use of special metals/alloys, the use of such
metals or alloys shall be insisted.
7.4.1.4 The capacity of the pump(s) would depend on whether or
not tapping(s) for water spray and/or foam protection for
tanks/spheres/bullets/plants/other facilities is (are) taken from
the hydrant service. In case there is no tapping from the hydrant
service, the capacity of the pump shall be as per rule 7.4.1.4.1
hereunder. However, where the water demand for water spray and/or
foam protection as per rules 7.4.1.4.2, 7.4.1.4.3, 7.4.1.4.4,
7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 is in excess of that required for the
hydrant system, the pumping capacity shall be based on the higher
water demand.
7.4.1.4.1 The capacity for hydrant service shall be determined
by the class of occupancy and size of installation as per Table 2
hereunder:
TABLE - 2
NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY
LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY
(KG/CM2)
1. Light Hazardi) Not exceeding 2027 (96)5.6*
ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5538 (137)7
iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 10047 (171)7
iv) Exceeding 100 **47 (171) plus 47 (171) for every add-itional
125 hydrants or part thereof.
7/8.8
NOTES
*1. The pump delivery pressure will need to be 7 kg/cm2 if the
highest floor of the risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above the
surrounding ground level.**2. Where the systems are hydraulically
designed as per NB 2 & NB 3 below rule 7.5.10. The total
pumping capacity need not be greater than 190 (683) irrespective of
the number of hydrant points.
NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY
LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY
(KG/CM2)
2. Ordinary Hazardi) Not exceeding 2038 (137)7
ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5547 (171)7
iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 10076 (273)7
iv) Exceeding 100 **76 (273) plus 76 (273) for every add-itional
125 hydrants or part thereof.
7/8.8
**N.B: Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2
& NB 3 of rule 7.5.10, the total pumping capacity need not be
greater than 302 (1092) irrespective of the number of hydrant
points.
NATURE OF RISKNUMBER OF HYDRANTSPUMP CAPACITY
LPS/(M3/HR)DELIVERY PRESSURE AT PUMP DISCHARGE AT RATED CAP- ACITY
(KG/CM2)
3. High Hazard (A)i) Not exceeding 2047 (171)7
ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 5576 (273)7/8.8
iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 100114 (410)7/8.8
iv) Exceeding 100 114 (410) plus 114 (410) for every add-itional
125 hydrants or part thereof.7/8.8/10.5
4. High Hazard (B)i) Not exceeding 20Two of 47 (171)7
ii) Exceeding 20 but not exceeding 55TWO of 76 (273)7/8.8
iii) Exceeding 55 but not exceeding 100TWO of 114 (410)7/8.8
iv) **Exceeding 100 TWO of 114 (410) plus ONE of 114 (410) for
every add-itional 200 hydrants or part thereof.
** This provision will apply only in cases where the hydrant
service has been hydraulically designed as per NB3 (b) under rule
7.5.10.
NOTES -
1. In case of High Hazard (B) risks where the aggregate pumping
capacity required in terms of the above Table or of rules
7.4.1.4.2, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 hereunder exceeds
1,640 m3/hr., larger capacity pumps are acceptable provided the
capacity of the largest pump does not exceed 25 % of the aggregate
installed pumping capacity is disrupted when any pump is
in-operative.2. In case of High Hazard occupancies, the pump
delivery pressure shall be 7 Kg/cm2 if the highest floor of the
risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground
level.
3. In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or other
risks where double headed hydrants are used throughout the risk so
that the total number of hydrants (counting a double headed hydrant
as two hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants required as
per the general requirements of this Manual, a double headed
hydrant may be regarded as a single hydrant only.
7.4.1.4.2 Where storage tanks containing flammable liquids are
protected by a medium velocity water spray system tapped from the
hydrant service, the water requirements of the spray system shall
be calculated for tanks located in a common dyke which have the
largest aggregate shell surface area at a rate of 10 litres
/minute/m2 of tank shell surface area except where the system has
been designed to comply with the provisions contained in N.B 4
under rule 7.6.19 (mandatory protection) in which case the rate of
flow can be reduced to 3 lpm/m2).
Even in the case of tanks located in separate dykes, the shell
surface area of all tanks located within a distance of 15 m (or the
diameter of the larger tank if the same is more than 15m) shall be
aggregated and the water demand of such cluster of tanks shall be
calculated at the rate of flow indicated in the foregoing
paragraph.
The water requirement of the spray system worked out as above
shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream protection as
under
Where the largest tank in, in a dyke, has a diameter -
i) Upto 10 m1,150 LPM
ii) More than 10 m and upto 20 m2,250 LPM
iii) Over 20 m3,400 LPM
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose
stream protection for storage tanks worked out as above exceeds the
requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping
capacity shall be equivalent to the former.
7.4.1.4.3 Where storage tanks are protected by a fixed foam
system connected to the hydrant service, water requirement for the
foam system shall be equivalent to that required by the largest
protected tank at a rate of 5 litres/minute/m2 of liquid surface
area for fixed roof tanks and 12.2 lpm/m2 of rim seal in case of
floating roof tanks.
Other conditions regarding supplementary hose stream protection,
pumping capacity etc., would remain the same as for water spray
protection.
7.4.1.4.4 Where spheres/bullets are protected by a medium
velocity water spray system tapped from pressurised hydrant
service, water requirements of the spray system shall be determined
as under -
Taking into consideration the configuration of bullets/sphere,
the one which has the largest number of other bullets/spheres
within R +15 M of the centre thereof shall be selected. The water
demand shall then be worked out at the rate of 10 L/min/M2 of the
aggregate shell surface area of the bullet/spheres concerned and
all bullets/spheres within R + 15 M of the centre thereof.
Water application may be reduced to 5 LPM/M2 where the
bullets/Spheres coated with approved passive materials providing
fire resistance of at least 2 hours.
The water requirement of the spray system worked out as above
shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream protection as
under -
Water capacity of Bullets/
Spheres (m3)Supplementary hose stream protection (LPM)
1. Upto and including 50 m31,750
2. Above 50 m3 and upto 150 m32,250
3. Above 150 m34,500
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose
steam protection for spheres/bullets worked out as above exceeds
the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping
capacity shall be equivalent to the former.
Note: For design criteria of medium velocity water spray system
reference shall be made to committee's rules for water spray
system.
7.4.1.4.5 Where the plants and other facilities are protected by
medium velocity water spray systems, tapped from hydrant service,
water requirement of the spray system shall be determined as per
Committee's rules for water spray systems. Water requirements of
the spray systems worked out as above shall then be loaded by 4,500
LPM for supplementary hose stream protection.
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose
stream protection worked out as above exceeds the requirements of
the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be
equivalent to the former.
7.4.1.4.6 Where transformers are protected by high velocity
water spray system tapped from hydrant system, water requirements
of the spray system shall be determined as per Committee's rules
for water spray system. Water requirement of the spray system
worked out as above shall then be loaded by 1,750 LPM for
supplementary hose stream protection.
If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose
stream protection worked out as above exceeds the requirements of
the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be
equivalent to the former.
7.4.1.4.7 Where plants and other facilities are protected by
sprinkler system tapped from the pressurised hydrant service, water
requirement of the sprinkler system shall be determined as per the
Committees rules for sprinkler system.
If the total water requirement for sprinkler system exceeds the
requirement of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the pumping
capacity shall be equivalent to the former.
7.4.1.5 Pumps shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150 %
of rated capacity at a head of not less than 65 % of the rated
head. The shut-off head shall not exceed 120 % of rated head in the
case of horizontal pumps and 140 % in the case of vertical turbine
type pumps.
7.4.1.6 Each pump shall be provided with a plate giving, in the
case of centrifugal pumps, the delivery head, capacity and the
number of revolutions per minute and in the case of reciprocating
pumps, the diameter of the steam cylinders and water plungers and
the length of stroke as also the ratios of the effective aggregate
areas of the suction and the delivery valves to the area of the
water plungers.
7.4.1.7 In case of electrically driven pumps it is recommended
that compression ignition engine driven stationary pump of similar
capacity be installed as a standby and vice versa. However, where
the hydrant service consists of more than one pump, not more than
half the total number (total number + 1 in case of odd number) of
pumps shall have prime movers of one type.
(The above provision is not applicable to systems commissioned
before 1982).
Notwithstanding the above, if power to motorised fire pumps is
obtained from two sources, one of which is a captive generating
plant located in a block either 6 m away from all surrounding
buildings, where this is not feasible, segregated from adjoining
building in a manner indicated in rule 7.4.3.1 more than half the
total number of pumps may be of the electrically driven type.
7.4.1.8 Each fire service pump shall be provided with an
independent suction pipe without any sluice or cut-off valves
therein, unless the pump is situated below the level of the water
supply in which case sluice or cut-off valves would be
essential.
Where the water supply has fibrous or equally objectionable
matter in suspension or mud and/or sand liable to cause
accumulation in the installation, suction pipe(s) shall be
installed in a jack well fed through a culvert from the main water
supply. At the supply end of the culvert, a sluice or gate valve
shall be provided.
NOTE - The suction pipe shall be connected to the pump inlet
through an eccentric reducer to avoid air pockets.
7.4.1.9 The diameter of the suction pipe shall be such that the
rate of flow of water through it does not exceed 90 m. per minute
when the pump is delivering at its rated discharge. If, however,
the pump is situated below the level of its water supply, the
diameter of the suction pipe/header shall be based upon a rate of
flow not exceeding 120 m. per minute.
7.4.1.10 Where the pump is to operate under suction lift
conditions, the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available at site
shall be 0.50 m in excess of the actual value required at 150 % of
the duty point as per the manufacturers curve of the pump.
NOTE For the purpose of the above, NPSH available at site shall
be computed by deducting the sum of the static lift (measured from
the low water level, defined in rule 7.3, upto the centre line of
the pump) and friction loss in the suction pipe and fittings from
atmospheric pressure.
7.4.1.11 Fire Pumps in High Hazard (B) category occupancies
shall be provided with positive suction and automatic starting
devices capable of sequential starting of the pumps. The pumps
shall be connected to audible alarm such as hooter or a siren
located in a prominent place outside the pump house. Where there is
a central fire station in the premises, additional alarm point
shall also be provided in the fire station.
The pumping arrangement shall also incorporate Jockey Pumps to
take care of system losses. The capacity of the Jockey Pumps shall
neither be more than 5 % of the installed pumping capacity nor less
than 3 % thereof (with a minimum of 10.8 m3/hr.) unless the
aggregate installed pumping capacity is in excess of 820 m3/hr, in
which case the capacity of the Jockey Pump (s) shall be not less
than 25 m3/hr plus 1 % of the installed pumping capacity in excess
of 820 m3/hr. Installation of Jockey Pumps also helps to prevent
hydraulic surges.
7.4.1.12 In the case of Light, Ordinary and High Hazard (A)
category occupancies, when the pump is above the level of its water
supply, there shall be a foot valve and a `priming' arrangement,
the latter consisting of a tank (having a capacity at least three
times that of the suction pipe from the pump to the foot valve
subject to a minimum of 1000 litres) connected to the delivery side
of the pump by a metal pipe having a minimum internal diameter of
100 mm with a stop valve and a non return valve therein of the same
size.
A reliable independent filling arrangement and a level indicator
shall be provided for the priming tank and, wherever feasible, a
continuous overflow arrangement shall be provided in order to
ensure that the tank is always full. It is recommended that for
pumps taking suction from a stored water supply, a vortex plate
shall be installed at entrance to the suction pipe.
Wherever circumstances permit, the pumps shall preferably be
fixed below the level of the water supply (positive suction). If
the pumps are automatic in action, they shall necessarily be so
fixed. However, if the priming arrangements are such as to ensure
that the suction pipe shall be automatically maintained full of
water notwithstanding a serious leakage therefrom (the pump being
automatically brought into action to replenish the priming tank
should the latter be drawn upon at a greater rate than the rate at
which it is fed from any other source), positive suction may not be
insisted. In such cases, the capacity of the priming tank need not
exceed 450 litres and the diameter of the priming pipe need not
exceed 50 mm. Jockey Pump(s) of capacity indicated in rule 7.4.1.11
shall, nevertheless, be provided in systems where the main pumps
are automatic in action.
Where pump(s) are automatic in action they shall be connected to
audible alarm such as hooter or siren located in a prominent place
outside the pump house. Where there is a central fire station in
the premises, additional alarm point shall also be provided in the
fire station.
NOTE - For the purpose of rules 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.11 and
7.4.1.12 a pump shall be considered as having positive suction only
if the quantity of water in the reservoir above the low water level
(see N.B. under rule 7.3) or the top of the pump casing, whichever
is higher is equivalent to the requirements of Table 1.
7.4.1.13 Each pump shall be provided with a non-return valve and
a sluice valve on the delivery side, the sluice valve being
installed on the upstream side of the non-return valve. A pressure
gauge shall also be provided between the pump and the non-return
valve. The size of the non-return valve and cut off (sluice) valve
shall not be less than the size of the initial delivery pipe and,
in no case, less than the delivery outlet of the pump. Further, as
Butterfly Valves can create turbulence adversely affecting the pump
performance no Butterfly valve shall be installed on the suction
side. 7.4.1.14 When the premises are also protected by sprinkler
installation having elevated tank(s) as one of the main sources of
water supply, and where the arrangement for filling the tank(s) is
taken from the hydrant service, the connection shall be taken
directly from the pump to the top of the tank (through a stop
valve) and not through the hydrant mains. (See fig. below)
7.4.1.15 Pumps shall not be installed in open. The pump rooms
shall normally have brick/concrete walls and non-combustible roof,
with adequate lighting, ventilation and drainage arrangements.
The pump room shall be so located as to be both easily
accessible and where any falling masonry and the like from other
buildings occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot damage the pump
room. Normally, pump rooms shall be located 6 m away from all
surrounding buildings and overhead structures. Where this is not
feasible the sides of the pump room falling within 6 m of the
surrounding buildings shall be blank masonry walls of 355 mm
thickness and the roof of the pump room shall be of RCC. Likewise,
when the pump room is attached to a building a perfect party wall
complying with the committee's regulations shall be constructed
between the pump room and the attached building, the roof of the
pump room shall be of RCC construction at least 100 mm thick and
access to the pump room shall be from the outside. In no case shall
the pump from be sited within a building occupied for any other
purpose.
N.B. for High Hazard (B) occupancies, in addition to the above
provisions, the pump room shall be located 30 m clear of all
equipment where flammable fluids having flash point below 65o C are
handled and/or stored and 15 m clear of pipes/pipe racks (of other
than water.). This provision shall, however, not apply to systems
commissioned before 1982.
7.4.2 STEAM DRIVEN PUMPS -
7.4.2.1 The capacity of steam driven pumps shall be based on the
economical speed recommended by the makers, and the pumps shall be
provided with a suitable air vessel, steam and water pressure
gauges. The working parts of the water ends shall be of
non-corrosive metal.
7.4.2.2 Pumps shall not be used for boiler feeding or any other
purpose, except for filling the elevated sprinkler tank(s).
7.4.2.3 There shall be at least two boilers connected to the
pump, out of whom one shall be under pressure at all times.
7.4.2.4 Steam at a pressure of 4.2 kg/cm2 or more if specified
by the makers shall be available at the pump at all times.
7.4.2.5 The ratio of the area of the steam cylinders to water
cylinders shall not be less than 2.5 to 1.
7.4.2.6 A relief valve of adequate size shall be fitted on the
delivery side of the pump and set at a pressure of not more than 1
kg/cm2 above the delivery pressure of the pump, and if of weight
and lever type, the weight, when set, shall be secured and locked
in that position.
7.4.2.7 The diameter of the suction pipe shall in no case be
less than that of the pump plungers.
7.4.2.8 The steam pipe to the pump shall not traverse ground not
under the control of the owner of the installation, nor a public
roadway.
7.4.3 ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS -
7.4.3.1 The sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s)-supplying power
to the fire pump(s) shall be of incombustible construction and
shall be located at least 6 m away from all surrounding buildings.
Where this is not feasible, all door and window openings of the
surrounding buildings within 6 m of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G.
house(s) shall be protected by single fireproof doors and 6 mm
thick wired glasses in steel framework respectively. Like-wise,
roof eaves, if any, of the surrounding buildings falling within 6 m
of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be cut and wall
raised as a parapet. The above provisions shall also apply when the
sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) are within 6 m of each other.
Where the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) are attached to
buildings, perfect party walls complying with the Committee's
regulations shall be constructed to segregate the sub-station(s)
and/or D.G. house(s) from the attached buildings and where the
attached building is storeyed, the roof of the sub-station(s)
and/or D.G. house(s) shall be of R.C.C. construction of at least
100 mm thickness.
Transformer cubicles inside these sub-stations shall be
separated from H.T. and L.T. cubicles and from each other by blank
walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm thickness or of
R.C.C of 200 mm with door openings, if any therein, protected by
single fireproof doors complying with the Committee's regulations.
The sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) shall also be separated from
each other as above.
Transformers installed outdoors, which are supplying power to
fire Pump(s), shall also be located atleast 6 m away from all
surrounding buildings (including sub-station(s) and/or D.G.
house(s). Where this is not feasible all door and window openings
of the building(s) [including sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s).]
within 6 m of the transformer shall be protected by single
fireproof doors and 6mm thick wired glasses in steel framework
respectively. Likewise, roof eaves of the building(s) falling
within 6 m of the transformer shall be cut and wall raised as a
parapet. Baffle walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm
thickness or of R.C.C. of 200 mm thickness shall be constructed
between two transformers and these walls shall be extended
horizontally 600 mm beyond the extremities of the transformers and
vertically 600 mm above the highest point of the transformers.
NOTES
1. Where oil capacity of the individual transformer is larger
than 5,000 litres separating walls must be provided in between the
transformers and a clear distance as per the following table shall
be maintained between the transformers and the substation
OIL CAPACITY OF INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMERCLEAR SEPARATING DISTANCE
(m)
5,000 to 10,000 litres8.0
Above 10,000 upto 20,000 litres10.0
Above 20,000 upto 30,000 litres12.5
Over 30,000 litres15
2. For High Hazard (B) occupancies, substation(s) supplying
power to the fire pump(s) shall, in addition to complying with the
above provisions, be located 30 m clear of all equipment where
flammable fluids having flash point below 65o C are handled and/or
stored.
7.4.3.2 Electric supply feeder (s) to sub-station(s) supplying
power to fire pump shall as far as possible, consist of armoured
cables buried underground which shall not pass under any building
or permanent structures.
If the feeders are laid inside an underground cable duct/
gallery, they shall be placed in a corner of the duct/gallery and
shall be isolated from other cables in the duct/gallery by means of
fire bricks/sand packing/other suitable passive protection of at
least an hour fire rating.
Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible to lay
the feeders underground, the Committee may permit overhead feeders
provided they do not fall within a horizontal distance of -
A)15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks containing
flammable liquids. Or
B)) 6 m of any other building or tanks containing non-flammable
liquids or of storage in open.
NOTE: in case of high hazard (B) occupancies, all substations
(except main receiving station in the route of the electrical
supply to the fire pump (s) which receive power by overhead feeders
shall be provided with two sets of feeders which, apart from
conforming with the above distance provisions, shall be run along
two different routes in such a way that failure of more than one
route due to a single mishap would be only a remote
possibility.
7.4.3.3 A direct feeder without any tappings shall be laid from
the sub-station to the pump house. The feeder shall consist of an
armoured cable buried underground and shall not pass under any
building or permanent struct