17/10/2012 1 Technological developments for improvement of the environmental performance of conventional coke plants Desenvolvimentos tecnológicos para o avanco do desempenho ambiental de coquerias convencionais by Martin Reinke, Friedrich Huhn, Frank Krebber ThyssenKrupp Uhde, Coke Plant Technologies, Dortmund, Germany
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17/10/2012 1
Technological developments for improvement of the environmental performance of conventional coke
plants
Desenvolvimentos
tecnológicos
para
o avanco
do desempenho
ambiental
de coquerias
convencionais
by Martin Reinke, Friedrich Huhn, Frank Krebber
ThyssenKrupp Uhde, Coke Plant Technologies,
Dortmund, Germany
17/10/2012 2
Main background
for emission
reduction
2
• In Germany revised regulation “TA‐Luft”
since 2006
• In Europe revisions on the way
• In the US implementation of the 2006 Clean Air Act (CAA) according to NESHAP National Emission Standards
for Coke Oven Batteries
17/10/2012 3
*: LEQT=Low
Emission Quench
Tower
3
Starting
point
• New environmental
rules
by
the
authorities
– The
demanded
further
reduction
of PM‐emissions
has iniated
and promoted
LEQT*
projects
in the
US ‐
Part I
.
– Demands
on application
of an individual
oven pressure
control
system
to reduce
fugitive
emissions
at the
oven
openings
and at the
stack
of by‐product ovens
‐
Part II.
17/10/2012 4
Part I : Low Emission Quench
Towers (LEQT)
17/10/2012 55
Part I: PM emission limitations
for
quenchtowers
In Germany tightened limits on filterables
– 10 g/tcoke
for new plants
– 25 g/tcoke
for existing plants instead of the former value of 50 g/tcoke• In the US
PM emission limitation
based on emitted dust load per year
(filterable + condensable) – after conversion to specific emission factors:
– Former
values
>200 g/tcoke
(filterable) >300 g/tcoke
(filterable +condensable)
• Condensable approx. 30% of the total
– Current
values (converted from actual permits): 130 g/tcoke
(filterable + condensable)
• Condensable approx. 90% of the total (strong reduction of filterables)
17/10/2012 66
Types of PM (according to EPA)
• Filterables– Primary
filterable
PM emitted
at the
quench
tower
exhaust
– Gravimetric
determination
of the
filtered
dust
• Condensables– Primary
PM condensating
under
the
conditions
at the
quench
tower
exhaust
– Secondary
particles
forming
as condensable
PM in the
atmosphere
via complex
photochemical
reactions, e.g. from
emitted
SO2, NH3, NOx.
– Gravimetric
determination
in condensation
apparatuses
– Method
for
determination
of the
“condensables”
is
a complex
theme
under continuous
technical
discussion
and modification, because
of ”double‐
counting”, irreproducibility
or
inaccuracy!
17/10/2012 77
PM monitoring
at the quench
tower
exhaust
• Definition of a representative number of sampling positions at the quench tower exhaust
• Consideration of the quench tower as a stationary source
• Measurements of the filterables/condensables
according to actual standards –– in most countries: mainly
according to former DIN 2303 ‐ (not Din 2066 as indicated in the paper!)
– in the US: EPA‐methods (e.g. USEPA 5, 201A, 202,…)
width
length
Traversing pointsQuench car
width
length
Traversing pointsQuench car
Sampling
probe
17/10/2012 88
Sources
for PM emissions
(1)
• Coke
particulates
resulting
from– spalling
of the
coke
pieces
by
“thermo‐shock“
– PM deposits
at the
quench
tower
internals
and baffles
Simple, uncleaned baffle plates - a buffer for PM deposits
Plume flow
Photographs of a former, meanwhile demolished quench tower
17/10/2012 99
• Fresh
water– TDS (Total dissolved solids):
Particle size <2 µm (molecular, ionic, colloidal or fine particle)