FMD IN THE SUDAN Country Report Dr. MOHAMMED HABIELA. Central veterinary research Laboratoires Foot and mouth disease Unit Sudan
FMD IN THE SUDAN
Country Report
Dr. MOHAMMED HABIELA.
Central veterinary research Laboratoires
Foot and mouth disease Unit
Sudan
Sudan
Introduction
• Sudan is the biggest country in Africa and the second largest
country in Africa in livestock population. Total livestock is
estimated as for 2007 as follows:
• Cattle: 41,138,000
• Sheep: 50,651,000
• Goats 42,938,000
• Camels: 4,238,000
• Poultry: 40,624,000
• About 80% of 30 M inhabitants wildlife of all types are
associated with animals either directly or indirectly
FMDV Unit at CVRL Sudan:
• FMD Lab at CVRL belongs to the Ministry of Science and
Technology- Sudan.
• FMD Unit had established and began its tasks (FMD Diagnosis
and research) in the early eighties, but halted in early nineties.
• Recently, the Unit has been regenerated and started working by
2006.
• The new unit is supplied with FMD diagnostic and research
capabilities.
• The Unit is small , relatively, consists of rooms for serology(
LPBE& 3ABC-E), Cell culture, and for virus isolation and
identification (Ag ELISA) beside Kitchen and offices.
• The FDM Units’ manpower ( Researchers, Technicians and
Workers)
FMD in The Sudan
• Endemic
• the first record was in 1903 (Eisa and Rweyemamu, 1977)
• Four FMD serotypes of the seven were reported in the
country: O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 (Anon 1980; Abu Elzein,
1983).
• Serotype O was firstly isolated (Anon, 1938) then Serotype
SAT1 and Serotype A and lastly Serotype SAT2 (Abu Elzein,
1983).
Recent activities: Serosurveillance
Prevalence of FMDV serotypes in different animal species, Sudan-1987.
Prevalence of FMDV serotypes in different animal species, Sudan-2008.
Molecular Epidemiology:
• The First molecular study on FMD isolates from Sudan (1974-
2008) was carried out last Year, Habiela et al. (submitted):
• The study showed that serotype O was the most frequently
recovered FMDV serotype in the Sudanese samples
• Generally: Isolates of
• O: EA-3 topotype/ WA topotype
• A:G-IV genotype of the AFRICA topotype/G-VII
• SAT2:topotype XIII / topotype VII
• SAT1: No outbreaks since 1976
Reported and confirmed FMDV
events in 2008-2009
Sample ID (WRL code) Location, State SpeciesSample
typeCollection Date
Serotype (Ag-ELISA
SUD/1/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 4/2/08 SAT2
SUD/2/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 4/2/08 SAT2
SUD/3/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O
SUD/4/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O
SUD/5/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O
SUD/6/2008 White Nile Cattle EPI 11/2/08 O
SUD/8/2008 Gezira state Cattle EPI 9/5/08 O
Phylogeny of Serotype SAT2 Sudan 2008 :
Serotype O Sudan 2008 Phylogeny:
Current risk
• In Sudan, FMD outbreaks occur annually.
• All susceptible animals (livestock) in the country are in danger (
free animal movement/ No vaccination programs)
• hot spots ( most endemic regions within the country and of free
animal movement) need complete and constant attentions (
Monitoring/ Vaccination).
Challenges /constrains to control FMD in the
Sudan:
• A very big country (1,000,000 quarter mile plus 9
neighboring countries ).
• Favorable Veterinary Services (veterinarians Vs No. of
Livestock , monitoring of current /ongoing outbreaks)
• Financial support (FMD outbreaks, Researches,
Vaccination,….)
• Vaccination (costs, Local or imported?)/ Quarantine?
(Transhumance ,Conflicts / instability )
• FMD unit- CVRL (Lab?/ Diagnosis/ researches)
what type of support/action is
desired from the East African Network
in next 2 years?
• Contribution in FMD control ( regional and international, (GF-
TADs)
• Coactive efforts/ Networking ( Committee ( AU-IBAR, FAO,)
/early warning/ website/ continuous meetings ( annual/ every two
years )
• Sharing information on FMD research activities ( monthly/ yearly
report)
• conjoined researches/control programs ( vaccination, monitoring of
animal movements across the borders/ outbreaks near the borders)
• Funding (AU-IBAR, FAO, EU…)
Acknowledgement