Flying and surviving in winter weather

• 1.WINTER OPERATIONSFlying & SurvivingFlying & SurvivingInInWinter WeatherWinter WeatherWinterOperations

2. WINTER OPERATIONSOBJECTIVE: Surviving Winter Weather Preflight Planning Winter Taxiing Enroute Considerations Servicing 3. WINTER OPERATIONSSurvivingWinterWeather 4. WINTER OPERATIONSWinter crashesWinter crashes==Better survivabilityBetter survivabilityGood and Bad NewsGood and Bad News 5. WINTER OPERATIONSThe Bad NewsThe Bad News 6. WINTER OPERATIONSRequirements for LifeRequirements for LifeAirAir 3 minutes3 minutesBodyBodyShelterShelter6 hours in6 hours insevere weathersevere weatherWaterWater 3-6 days3-6 daysFoodFood 3 weeks3 weeksWill to liveWill to live ?????????? 7. WINTER OPERATIONSBasic FearsBasic FearsUnknownUnknownDarknessDarknessDiscomfortDiscomfortBeing aloneBeing alone 8. WINTER OPERATIONSBasic FearsBasic FearsAnimalsAnimalsPersonal guiltPersonal guiltPunishmentPunishmentLossLossDEATHDEATH 9. WINTER OPERATIONSBest ToolBest Tool1.1. You.You.2.2. Injuries.Injuries.3.3. Temperatures.Temperatures.4.4. Disease.Disease. 10. WINTER OPERATIONS80% Mental80% Mental10% Equipment10% Equipment10% Skills10% SkillsSURVIVAL Is: 11. WINTER OPERATIONSOn Hand Survival EquipmentOn Hand Survival EquipmentThe compass.The compass.Gasoline.Gasoline.OilOilSeat upholsterySeat upholsteryWiringWiringThe aircraft batteryThe aircraft battery 12. WINTER OPERATIONSStay with it or start walking?Stay with it or start walking?Did you file a flight plan?Did you file a flight plan?Is your ELT operating?Is your ELT operating?Do youDo you knowknow where you are?where you are?Do you have a survival kit?Do you have a survival kit?Dont fight a storm.Dont fight a storm.Stay put and find shelter.Stay put and find shelter. 13. WINTER OPERATIONSTake the compass!Take the compass!Make a plan.Make a plan.Pack what you need.Pack what you need. 14. WINTER OPERATIONSUse whatever is available to protectUse whatever is available to protectthe body from the loss of heatthe body from the loss of heatMake a fireMake a fireKeep clothing dry.Keep clothing dry.Eat sugary foods.Eat sugary foods. 15. WINTER OPERATIONS 16. WINTER OPERATIONSLife Support KitLife Support KitFood and Energy PackageFood and Energy Package(1 person, 5-day rations)(1 person, 5-day rations)30 - wrapped sugar cubes30 - wrapped sugar cubes 17. WINTER OPERATIONSLife Support KitLife Support Kit10 - pita bread or 2510 - pita bread or 25crackerscrackers10 - packets of salt10 - packets of salt3 - tea bags3 - tea bags 18. WINTER OPERATIONSLife Support KitLife Support Kit12 - rock candy12 - rock candy5 - gum5 - gum10 - bouillon cubes10 - bouillon cubes20 - protein wafers20 - protein wafers(if available)(if available) 19. WINTER OPERATIONSLife Support KitLife Support KitInsect repellentInsect repellentMosquito netMosquito netWhistleWhistle50 of 1/8" nylon rope or shroud line50 of 1/8" nylon rope or shroud lineSmoke flares or red day - night flaresSmoke flares or red day - night flares 20. WINTER OPERATIONSLife Support KitLife Support KitWaterproofed matchesWaterproofed matchesCandle or fire starterCandle or fire starterSignal mirrorSignal mirrorSmall compassSmall compassKnife - Boy Scout styleKnife - Boy Scout style 21. WINTER OPERATIONSPersonal First Aid KitPersonal First Aid KitSealable Plastic ContainerSealable Plastic Container2 - Compress bandages2 - Compress bandages1 - Triangle bandage1 - Triangle bandageSmall roll 2" tapeSmall roll 2" tape6 - 3 x 3 gauze pads6 - 3 x 3 gauze pads25 - Aspirin25 - Aspirin10 - Band - Aids10 - Band - Aids 22. WINTER OPERATIONSPersonal First Aid KitPersonal First Aid KitRazor blades or scissorsRazor blades or scissorsHotel size soapHotel size soapKotex - purse sizeKotex - purse sizeKleenex - purse size, toilet paperKleenex - purse size, toilet paper6 - safety pins6 - safety pins1 - Small tube of Unguentine1 - Small tube of Unguentine 23. WINTER OPERATIONS 24. WINTER OPERATIONS ClothingClothing1.1.Multilayers of clothing worn looselyMultilayers of clothing worn looselywill provide more warmth than awill provide more warmth than abulky layer.bulky layer.2.2.Loose clothing is more likely toLoose clothing is more likely tosnag or get caught on aircraftsnag or get caught on aircraftstructures or components.structures or components.HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS 25. WINTER OPERATIONS ClothingClothingRemove any snow or iceRemove any snow or icefrom clothing beforefrom clothing beforeentering cockpit.entering cockpit.HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS 26. WINTER OPERATIONS ClothingClothingDress to survive.Dress to survive.HUMAN FACTORSHUMAN FACTORS 27. WINTER OPERATIONSPRE-FLIGHTPLANNING 28. WINTER OPERATIONSOPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONSOPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONSCaution: Blowing Snow! 29. WINTER OPERATIONSPre-flight Weather BriefingPre-flight Weather BriefingIcing advisoriesIcing advisoriesNOTAMs for departure & destinationNOTAMs for departure & destinationTemperatures at flight levelTemperatures at flight levelAir mass synopsisAir mass synopsisFILE A FLIGHT PLAN!FILE A FLIGHT PLAN! 30. WINTER OPERATIONS 31. WINTER OPERATIONSRoute ConsiderationsRoute ConsiderationsEase of navigationEase of navigationForced landing areasForced landing areasVisible checkpointsVisible checkpointsLikelihood of whiteoutLikelihood of whiteoutSurvivabilitySurvivability 32. WINTER OPERATIONSBefore COLD weather arrivesBefore COLD weather arrives 33. WINTER OPERATIONSService batteries beforecold weather operations 34. WINTER OPERATIONS20W50OILThe proper oil viscosity isThe proper oil viscosity isimportant.important.SAE40OILVSVS 35. WINTER OPERATIONS 36. WINTER OPERATIONSWet Weather Pre-flightWet Weather Pre-flight 37. WINTER OPERATIONSFUELFUEL 38. WINTER OPERATIONSCold Weather Pre-flightCold Weather Pre-flightCabin heating system 39. WINTER OPERATIONSTypes of preheat:Types of preheat:Engine compartment heaters -Engine compartment heaters -heats only the engineheats only the engineOil Sump HeatersOil Sump HeatersCabin heaters - heat the cabin andCabin heaters - heat the cabin andinstrumentsinstrumentsHangar (heatedHangar (heated)) 40. WINTER OPERATIONSCold Weather Pre-flightCold Weather Pre-flight 41. WINTER OPERATIONSHow about frost? 42. WINTER OPERATIONSDont depend on the defroster toclear the windscreen 43. WINTER OPERATIONSBlowing snow collects inBlowing snow collects inunprotected openingsunprotected openings.. 44. WINTER OPERATIONSPreflight inspectionPreflight inspection 45. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESPreflight inspectionPreflight inspection 46. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESPreflight inspectionPreflight inspection 47. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESPreflight inspectionPreflight inspection 48. WINTER OPERATIONS 49. WINTER OPERATIONSStartingStarting 50. WINTER OPERATIONSUse caution after engine startand during Run-Up 51. WINTER OPERATIONSBrakes may freezeBrakes may freeze 52. WINTER OPERATIONS 53. WINTER OPERATIONSStarting (helicopter)Starting (helicopter)WINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUES 54. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESPrior to lifting or movingPrior to lifting or moving 55. WINTER OPERATIONSWinter TAXIINGWinter TAXIING 56. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESTaxiing (Airplanes)Taxiing (Airplanes) 57. WINTER OPERATIONSIcy taxiways and ramps canIcy taxiways and ramps cancause loss of control.cause loss of control. 58. WINTER OPERATIONSCaution: Snow bankCaution: Snow bank 59. WINTER OPERATIONSWing tip clearance?Wing tip clearance? 60. WINTER OPERATIONSIce FOD !! 61. WINTER OPERATIONSTaxi Technique 62. WINTER OPERATIONSReverse ! 63. WINTER OPERATIONSWhiteout 64. WINTER OPERATIONS 65. WINTER OPERATIONS 66. WINTER OPERATIONSEngine run-up.Engine run-up. 67. WINTER OPERATIONSDeice equipment Operational ?Deice equipment Operational ? 68. WINTER OPERATIONSTaxiing (Helicopters)Taxiing (Helicopters) 69. WINTER OPERATIONSHoveringHovering 70. WINTER OPERATIONSTAKEOFFTAKEOFF 71. WINTER OPERATIONSBe prepared to abort ifBe prepared to abort ifskidding occursskidding occurs. 72. WINTER OPERATIONSRefreezing Hazard 73. WINTER OPERATIONSRetractable GearRetractable GearRetractable Gear 74. WINTER OPERATIONS 75. WINTER OPERATIONSRecycle the gear 76. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESTakeoffTakeoff(Helicopters)(Helicopters) 77. WINTER OPERATIONSEnrouteconsiderations 78. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESNavigatingNavigating 79. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESICE Accumulation potentialICE Accumulation potential 80. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER WEATHER FLYINGWINTER WEATHER FLYINGTECHNIQUESTECHNIQUESICE ConsiderationsICE Considerations 81. WINTER OPERATIONSCLIMATE AND WEATHERCLIMATE AND WEATHERRapidly changing weatherRapidly changing weather 82. WINTER OPERATIONS 83. WINTER OPERATIONS 84. WINTER OPERATIONS 85. WINTER OPERATIONS 86. WINTER OPERATIONS 87. WINTER OPERATIONS 88. WINTER OPERATIONS 89. WINTER OPERATIONSMaintain AdequateMaintain Adequatefuel reservesfuel reserves.. 90. WINTER OPERATIONSGive yourself OptionsGive yourself Options 91. WINTER OPERATIONSAlways Leave Yourself an OutAlways Leave Yourself an Out 92. WINTER OPERATIONSLoss of Visual ReferencesLoss of Visual References 93. WINTER OPERATIONSHELP!!!HELP!!! 94. WINTER OPERATIONSICE FOGICE FOG 95. WINTER OPERATIONS 96. WINTER OPERATIONSSTRUCTURAL ICINGSTRUCTURAL ICING 97. WINTER OPERATIONS 98. WINTER OPERATIONS 99. WINTER OPERATIONS 100. WINTER OPERATIONSWARM. MOISTUNSTABLE AIRWIDTH OF ASSOCIATED FRONTAL WEATHER50 300 MILESCOLD AIR 101. WINTER OPERATIONS 102. WINTER OPERATIONS 103. WINTER OPERATIONS 104. WINTER OPERATIONS 105. WINTER OPERATIONS 106. WINTER OPERATIONS 107. WINTER OPERATIONS 108. WINTER OPERATIONS 109. WINTER OPERATIONS 110. WINTER OPERATIONS 111. WINTER OPERATIONSFREEZING RAINFREEZING RAIN 112. WINTER OPERATIONSSTRUCTURAL ICINGSTRUCTURAL ICING 113. WINTER OPERATIONS 114. WINTER OPERATIONS 115. WINTER OPERATIONS 116. WINTER OPERATIONS 117. WINTER OPERATIONS 118. WINTER OPERATIONSSTRUCTURALSTRUCTURALICINGICING HelicopterHelicopter 119. WINTER OPERATIONS 120. WINTER OPERATIONSICE !ICE !. 121. WINTER OPERATIONSCarburetor IcingCarburetor Icing 122. WINTER OPERATIONS 123. WINTER OPERATIONSIntake IcingIntake IcingFuel injected aircraft do not haveFuel injected aircraft do not havecarburetors, but the air intake maycarburetors, but the air intake maybecome contaminated with ice.become contaminated with ice.Alternate air provides a source of heatedAlternate air provides a source of heatedair from around the engine.air from around the engine. 124. WINTER OPERATIONSLanding with ice on the aircraftLanding with ice on the aircraft. 125. WINTER OPERATIONSBraking efficiency can drop to zeroBraking efficiency can drop to zeroon a wet or ice covered runwayon a wet or ice covered runwayLANDING ON WET, ICYLANDING ON WET, ICYAND SNOW-COVEREDAND SNOW-COVEREDRUNWAYSRUNWAYS 126. WINTER OPERATIONS 127. WINTER OPERATIONS 128. WINTER OPERATIONS 129. WINTER OPERATIONSSelect a visual referenceSelect a visual referencepoint that will be visiblepoint that will be visibleduring touchdown.during touchdown. 130. WINTER OPERATIONSTake full advantage ofTake full advantage ofaerodynamic brakingaerodynamic braking.. 131. WINTER OPERATIONSApply even brake pressureApply even brake pressurebut do not lock wheelsbut do not lock wheels 132. WINTER OPERATIONS 133. WINTER OPERATIONS 134. WINTER OPERATIONS 135. WINTER OPERATIONSIf there is ice, the amount of wind we canIf there is ice, the amount of wind we cantolerate drops dramatically.tolerate drops dramatically. 136. WINTER OPERATIONSSide loads on landing gearSide loads on landing gear 137. WINTER OPERATIONSSnow Bank Hazard 138. WINTER OPERATIONSSnow depth ?Snow depth ? 139. WINTER OPERATIONSresulting in an abrupt stop thatresulting in an abrupt stop thatmay cause damage to the aircraft...may cause damage to the aircraft... 140. WINTER OPERATIONSor an airplane shaped hole in the snow.or an airplane shaped hole in the snow. 141. WINTER OPERATIONSBraking ReportsBraking Reports 142. WINTER OPERATIONSSNOW APPROACHSNOW APPROACHNORMALAPPROACHSNOWAPPROACH 143. WINTER OPERATIONSSNOW APPROACHSNOW APPROACHCONFINEDAREA SNOWAPPROACH 144. WINTER OPERATIONSLanding onLanding on Wet RunwaysLanding on Wet Runways 145. WINTER OPERATIONS 146. WINTER OPERATIONS 147. WINTER OPERATIONSHydroplaningHydroplaning 148. WINTER OPERATIONSGrooved Runway 149. WINTER OPERATIONS.. 150. WINTER OPERATIONS 151. WINTER OPERATIONSLanding on a wet runwayLanding on a wet runway 152. WINTER OPERATIONS 153. WINTER OPERATIONS 154. WINTER OPERATIONSSERVICINGSERVICING 155. WINTER OPERATIONS 156. WINTER OPERATIONS 157. WINTER OPERATIONSSTATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY 158. WINTER OPERATIONSSTATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY 159. WINTER OPERATIONSSTATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY 160. WINTER OPERATIONS 161. WINTER OPERATIONSSTATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY 162. WINTER OPERATIONS 163. WINTER OPERATIONSWinter operations requireWinter operations requiregreater vigilance andgreater vigilance andpilot proficiency.pilot proficiency. 164. WINTER OPERATIONSA Superior pilot is oneA Superior pilot is onewho uses Superior Judgmentwho uses Superior Judgmentto avoid situationsto avoid situationsthat require Superior skill.that require Superior skill. 165. WINTER OPERATIONSWINTER OPERATIONSFederal AviationFederal AviationAdministration Safety TeamAdministration Safety Team(FAASTeam)(FAASTeam)Thank You For Attending