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© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Chapter 13 Compressible Flow
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Fluid Mechanics

Oct 29, 2014

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Page 1: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Introduction to Fluid Mechanics

Chapter 13

Compressible Flow

Page 2: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Main TopicsBasic Equations for

One-Dimensional Compressible Flow Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas

– Area VariationFlow in a Constant Area Duct with FrictionFrictionless Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with

Heat ExchangeNormal ShocksSupersonic Channel Flow with ShocksOblique Shocks and Expansion Waves

Page 3: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Basic Equations forOne-Dimensional Compressible Flow

Control Volume

Page 4: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Basic Equations forOne-Dimensional Compressible Flow

Continuity

Momentum

Page 5: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Basic Equations forOne-Dimensional Compressible Flow

Second Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

Page 6: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Basic Equations forOne-Dimensional Compressible Flow

Property Relations

Equation of State

Page 7: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Basic Equations for Isentropic Flow

Page 8: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Isentropic Flow

Page 9: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Subsonic, Supersonic, and Sonic Flows

Page 10: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Reference Stagnation and Critical Conditions for Isentropic Flow

Page 11: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Property Relations

Page 12: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Isentropic Flow in a Converging Nozzle

Page 13: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Isentropic Flow in a Converging Nozzle

Page 14: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Isentropic Flow in aConverging-Diverging Nozzle

Page 15: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas– Area Variation

Isentropic Flow in aConverging-Diverging Nozzle

Page 16: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Control Volume

Page 17: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Basic Equations for Adiabatic Flow

Page 18: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Adiabatic Flow: The Fanno Line

Page 19: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Fanno-Line Flow Functions forOne-Dimensional Flow of an Ideal Gas

Page 20: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Fanno-Line Relations

Page 21: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Friction

Fanno-Line Relations (Continued)

Page 22: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Frictionless Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Heat Exchange

Control Volume

Page 23: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Frictionless Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Heat Exchange

Basic Equations for Flow with Heat Exchange

Page 24: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Frictionless Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Heat Exchange

Heat Exchange: The Rayleigh Line

Page 25: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Frictionless Flow in a Constant-Area Duct with Heat Exchange

Rayleigh-Line Relations

Page 26: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Normal Shocks

Control Volume

Page 27: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Normal ShocksBasic Equations for a Normal Shock

Page 28: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Normal Shocks

Intersection of Fanno & Rayleigh Lines

Page 29: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Normal Shocks

Normal Shock Relations

Page 30: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Normal Shocks

Normal Shock Relations (Continued)

Page 31: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Supersonic Channel Flowwith Shocks

Flow in a Converging-Diverging Nozzle

Page 32: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Typical Application

Page 33: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Mach Angle and Oblique Shock Angle

Page 34: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock: Control Volume

Page 35: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock: Useful Formulas

Page 36: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock Relations

Page 37: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock Relations (Continued)

Page 38: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock: Deflection Angle

Page 39: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Oblique Shock: Deflection Angle

Page 40: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Expansion and Compression Waves

Page 41: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Expansion Wave: Control Volume

Page 42: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Expansion Wave:Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Function

Page 43: Fluid Mechanics

© Fox, Pritchard, & McDonald

Oblique Shocks andExpansion Waves

Expansion Wave: Isentropic Relations