Fish and Human Nutrition

Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen Assistant-Director General Fisheries and Aquaculture

DepartmentFood and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations

24th Session of the Committee on Agriculture, Rome, Italy, 29 September - 3 October 2014

SIDE EVENT ON THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUTRITION (ICN2)

Wednesday, 1 October 2014

“FISH AND HUMAN NUTRITION”

Protein

Selenium

Iodine ZincCalcium

Vitamin DVitamin A

DHA Vitamin B12EPA

Iron

Fish, a source of micronutrients

Nutrient level per 100 g

Daily need (RDI) for children:

Vitamin A;250 million preschool children deficient

Cod liver oil: 5000 µgMola (whole): 2500 µg

500 µg RAE

Iron; 1.6 billion people deficient

Dried tuna frames: 35 mgChanwa pileng (whole): 45 mg

8.9 mg (at 10% bioavailability)

Iodine; seafood natural source, 2 billion people deficient

Cod fillets: 250 µgSeaweed: >2000 µg

120 µg

Zinc; 800 000 child deaths per year

Bones from herring: 19 mgChanwa pileng (whole): 20 mg

5.6 mg(at moderate bioavailability)

Long Chain Ω-3 Fats (DHA+EPA)

• Seafood main source

• Reduced risk of death from coronary heart disease

• Improved neuro-development in infants/young children

Fish Protein• 20% of animal protein for more than 3

billion people

• 50% of animal protein in many developing countries:• Sierra Leone (72%), • Ghana and Gambia (55%)• Maldives (70%), • Cambodia(60%), • Bangladesh (57%),• Indonesia (54%) • Sri Lanka(55%)

Future fish supply and demand projections

55.342.5

31.622.1

23.624.2

15.910.8

7.96.9

20.6

0 20 40 60

Japan

Australia and New Zealand

Europe

Northern Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

WORLD

Per capita fish consumption (kg/capita/year)

2010-12 (Ave.)

OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2022)

Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2013-2022 (Table A.26.2). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2010-12 average.Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.

WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections

Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7). Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006. Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red

62.223.8

29.641.0

26.418.2

15.79.4

7.55.66.6

18.2

0 20 40 60 80

Japan

South-eastern Asia

Northern America

Southern Asia (excl. India)

Latin America and Caribbean

India

Per capita fish consumption (kg/capita/year)

2006 2030

Country/

region

Fish Demand (2030) Total

fish prod. (2012,

mil. tonne)

S-D gap2030

(col. 4 minus col. 3)

kg/cap.

Total (mil. tonne

)

WORLD 29.1

261.2

156.5 -104.7

S.S. Africa 10.8

15.1

6.9 -8.2

L.A. & C. 12.2

18.3

14.8 -3.4

N. Africa 12.9

3.7

2.8 -0.8

Europe 27.3

23.4

16.0 -7.4

N. America 29.8

12.9

6.7 -6.1

Oceania 31.9

1.8

1.4 -0.3

Asia 37.0

186.3

107.8 -78.5

Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth. 2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged

FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections

The Blue Growth Initiative

Four Main Componen

ts• Fisheries

• Aquaculture

• Livelihoods and food systems

• Eco-system Services

Global• Implementation of

International Instruments and EAF

• Combat IUU fishing

• Reduction of Over-capacity, restoring fish stocks and aquatic biodiversity

• GAAP

Regional• Regional

Initiative on Blue Growth (FAO RAP)

• Regional Fisheries Bodies

• Other FAO Regional Initiatives

Country level

• Development and implementation of national policies and strategies for Blue Growth

• Gabon, Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Algeria, Iran, Indonesia, SIDS (Cabo Verde, Seychelles, Mauritius, Madagascar)

Aim To promote the sustainable use and conservation of the aquatic renewable resources

Capture Fisheries:Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and conservation, business management, political/economic management.

Contribution to Blue Growth :- 10 - 20

millions tonnes

- USD 50 billion annually

- Capture fisheries are an important source of food, nutrition, employment and income for millions of people, particularly in remote rural areas

- Capture fisheries face serious challenges:• Degraded environment and ecosystems• Overexploited fish stocks• IUU fishing• Climate change and ocean acidification

Aquaculture:GAAP, EAA. Biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business management, planning and regulatory implementation. Contribution to

Blue Growth:

• 50-100 million tonnes a year

Trade/markets/post harvest and social support:

Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries.

Contribution to Blue growth:

• From non-food: 10 million tonnes • From waste

food: 15 million tonnes

Fisheries Important Employer

• Employment growth in FI + AQ higher than in traditional agriculture

• Millions of people are directly engaged in the fisheries sector

• Women represent half of those involved in fisheries

• FI + AQ support the livelihoods of 12 % of the global population