First Coordination Meeting of Regional Air Quality Initiatives and Programs in Asia Grand Sheraton 16 June, 2004 Bangkok, Thailand Cornie Huizenga, CAI-Asia.

First Coordination Meeting of Regional Air Quality Initiatives and Programs in Asia

Grand Sheraton

16 June, 2004

Bangkok, Thailand

Cornie Huizenga, CAI-Asia Secretariat

Overview of Presentation

• Background and Objectives of the meeting

• Review of status quo of Air Quality Management in Asia

• Priorities for Air Quality Management in Asia

• How to strengthen coordination and cooperation among regional programs and initiatives on AQM in Asia

Part 1

Background and Objectives of the

meeting

Background

• CAI-Asia promotes sharing of experiences and building of partnerships.

• CAI-Asia has informally or formally been cooperating with several of the regional programs and organizations present is, or invited to, the meeting

• After having established the CAI-Asia, the website (http://www.cleanair.org/caiasia) and other activities the time has come to focus more on active regional networking and (joint) policy development

Objectives &Background

Objectives

• To share and discuss CAI-Asia’s views on status of AQM in Asia

• To share and discuss approaches adopted by regional programs and initiatives in AQM related activities

• To share and discuss regional AQM priorities for Asia

• To discuss strengthening of Coordination and Cooperation among AQM programs and Initiatives in Asia

Objectives &Background

Part 2

Review of Status of AQM in Asia

Approach in describing Air Quality Management Status

• Drivers: trends with respect to factors contributing to increase/decrease in emissions

• Pressure:trends with respect to emissions from different sources

• State:trends with respect to concentrations of pollutants in the atmosphere

• Impact: trends with respect to health, environmental and economic impacts

• Response:trends with respect to the development of capacity to manage air quality

AQM StatusAsia

Urbanization

AQM StatusAsia: drivers

Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects, The 1999 Revision.

0.0

200.0

400.0

600.0

800.0

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1980 1990 2000 2002

popu

latio

n East Asia

Southeast Asia

South Asia

Population growth

More than One billion extra in 20 years


Motorization

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

U.S. Current Level

Veh

icle

Pop

ula

tion

(m

illi

ons)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

U.S. Current Level

Veh

icle

Pop

ula

tion

(m

illi

ons)

Vehicle growth scenario China


Source: ADB 2002. Policy Guidelines to Reduce Vehicle EmissionsSource: Dongquan He, Energy Foundation 2004

Energy consumption

-

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

3000.0

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2002

MT

OE

Total Asia Pacific

China

India

Japan


Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2003

CO2 emissions

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Metr

ic T

ons

of

Carb

on

Source: http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_fea.htm

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1990199819992005201020152020

miil

ion

to

ns

C e

q

Other Asia

South Korea

India

China

Australasia

Japan

CO2 emissions1980 – 2020

Asia: Per capita CO2 Emissions

1950

AQM StatusAsia: Pressure

Source: IEA, 2002

Technology Changes

Country 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10

European Union

Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5

Bangladesh Euro 2 (under discussion)

Hong Kong, China

Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro 4

Indiaa Euro 1 Euro 2 E3

Indiab E1 Euro 2 Euro 3

Indonesia Euro 2

Malaysia Euro 1 Euro 2

Nepal Euro 1

Philippines Euro 1

PRCa Euro 1 Euro 2

PRCc Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3

Singaporee Euro 1 Euro 2

Singaporeg Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 4

Sri Lanka Euro 1

Taipei,China US Tier 1 US Tier 2 for dieseld

Thailand Euro 1 Euro 2 Euro 3 Euro4

Viet Name Euro 1

Viet Namf Euro 1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Chi na i ndust ry coal fi red power

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Pb

Co

nten

t in

Gas

olin

e (g

/l)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Aver

age

Pb

Air C

once

ntra

tion

(g/

m3 )

Pb C on tent in G aso line Pb A ir Co ncentratio n

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Pb

Co

nten

t in

Gas

olin

e (g

/l)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Aver

age

Pb

Air C

once

ntra

tion

(g/

m3 )

Pb C on tent in G aso line Pb A ir Co ncentratio n

Although there is strong growth in motorization, the introduction of cleaner engines and fuels has slowed down the overall growth in emissions and there is considerable potential to slow down the increase in emissions from transport even further

Removal of lead from gasoline has drastically reduced lead being emitted per vehicle

Energy switch e.g Coal to natural gas has contributed to lowering SO2 emissions in urban areas in China.


Source: Wangwongwatana, BAQ 2002

Source: BAQ 2002

Source: CAI-Asia statistics 2004

Local versus trans-boundary generated pollution


Part of China’s sulphur emissions are deposited within China, a substantial amount is deposited in Korea (24%) and Japan (38%)

Source: Draft Results BURGEAP study for China National Environment

Monitoring Center (CNEMC) financed by French FASEP

Air quality over Bangladesh on October 23, 2001 (left) and December 4, 2001

Source: Alles, Davis 2004 http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/trent/alles/AirPollution.pdf

Air quality levels 2000-2001

Source: Information collected from national and local government agencies through CAI-Asia network, 2003, detailed sources available from CAI-Asia Secretariat

SO2

NO2

SPM

PM10

Level 0Pre-problem

SPM Limit = 90 µg/m3 (WHO, 1979)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Bangk

ok

Busan

Chong

qing

Colom

bo

Hong

Kong

Jaka

rta

Kolkat

a

Man

ila

Mum

bai

New D

elhi

Osaka

Pune

Singap

ore

Seoul

Shang

hai

Tokyo

con

cen

trat

ion

in

µg

/m

3

PM10 Limit = 50 µg/m3 (USEPA,

1997)

SO2 Limit = 50 µg/m3 (WHO, 1999)

NO2 Limit = 40 µg/m3 (WHO, 1999)

3 3

Level 1Moderate &Increasing

Level 2High &Stable

Level 3Medium &

Decreasing

level 4Low & Stable

3 2 4 3 2 33 2 2 2 2 22 2

AQM StatusAsia: State

Observations on state of air quality

• Several cities have recorded improvements in air quality on annual basis, e.g. Bangkok, but these cities continue to surpass short-term standards on a regular basis

• It is hard to describe State of air quality in Asian cities due to paucity of available data

• If pollutants are not measured e.g. Ozone or fine particulate they can not be assessed. It does not mean that the problem is not there

• Different cities and countries use different scales to define air quality, which makes comparison difficult

• Information presented in previous slide can NOT be used to rank air quality among Asian cities

AQM StatusAsia: State

Health Effects and Health Costs

Health Effects

1,025,0001,619,000Indoor Air

487,000799,000Urban

Outdoor Air

730,0001,730,000Unsafe

Water

Asian Estimate

Global Estimate

Risks

1,025,0001,619,000Indoor Air

487,000799,000Urban

Outdoor Air

730,0001,730,000Unsafe

Water

Asian Estimate

Global Estimate

RisksNumber of Premature Deaths

•Manila US$392M

•Shanghai US$880M

•Bangkok US$424M

•India US$14 to $ 191.6M

•Jakarta US$ 100 M

Health Costs (per year)

Exposure Risks

0.46 0.62 0.5

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7

US (90 Cities)* Eur (21Studies)*

Asia (6Studies)

Perc

en

t In

crease

•Manila US$392M

•Shanghai US$880M

•Bangkok US$424M

•India US$14 to $ 191.6M

•Jakarta US$ 100 M


Exposure Risks

0.46 0.62 0.5

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.7

US (90 Cities)* Eur (21Studies)*

Asia (6Studies)

Perc

en

t In

crease

AQM StatusAsia: Impact

Source: WHO, 2002 Source: Greenbaum and O’Keefe, BAQ 2003

Source: ADB 2002. Policy Guidelines on Reducing Vehicle Emissions

Review• Both city profile and

questionnaire to be reviewed by air quality experts in the city

• Overall review panel (e.g. WHO, World Bank and ADB, etc)

Benchmarking of AQM capacity

1. Air quality measuremen

t capacity

4. Management

enabling capabilities

3. Emissions estimates

2. Data assessment

and availability

Cities covered in Benchmarking StudyJakarta

Karachi

Kathmandu

Manila

Mumbai

New Delhi

Kolkata

Osaka

Seoul

Shanghai

Surabaya

Singapore

Taipei

Tokyo

Yogyakarta

Bangkok

Beijing

Busan

Colombo

Dhaka

Hanoi

Hong Kong

Ho Chi Minh

AQM Profile15-20 page document:• general information• description of pollution sources• Air Quality Data• Impacts of air pollution• Policies, Programs and Projects• Conclusions

AQ

M

Qu

est i

on

nai r

e

AQM StatusAsia: Response

Air quality measurement capability

Status of AQ

monitoring

in Asia

City manual continuous

Bangkok 21

Beijing 24

Busan 14

Colombo 1

Delhi 11

Dhaka 1

Hanoi 4

Ho Chi Minh 8 9

Hong Kong 14

Jakarta 1 5

Kathmandu 6

City manual continuous

Kolkata 12 5

Manila 5

Mumbai 22

Osaka 14

Seoul 27

Shanghai 23 21

Singapore 17

Surabaya 5

Taipei 8

Tokyo 82

Yogyakarta 6

Source: Benchmarking Study Urban Air Quality Management and Practice in Major and Mega Cities of Asia – Stage 2 (draft)

•Only in few cases are monitoring stations linked in a network

•Routine regulatory monitoring generally does not (yet) include ozone and PM 2.5

•QA/QC programs are not institutionalized in most cases

•Routine regulatory monitoring generally does not (yet) include ozone and PM 2.5


Draft Draft Draft

Data Assessment and Availability

• A number of cities have APIs, but not all publish AQ information on a regular basis. API’s in most cases do not include pollutants of concern such as PM10 or Ozone.

• There is no study on the effectiveness of API as a communication tool Whether people look at it; orWhether people understand it

• Cities with API do not appear to use API as management tool, e.g. issue air quality alerts

• Comprehensive overview of air quality in Asia is not available. CAI-Asia is facing difficulties in obtaining information


Emissions estimates

domestic comm'l power indust'l mobile Summary

Bangkok yesBeijing yesBusan yesColombo noDelhi limitedDhaka 1998 onlyHanoi limitedHo Chi Minh limitedHong Kong yesJakarta yesKathmandu yesKolkata limitedManila yesMumbai yesOsaka yesSeoul yesShanghai yesSingapore limited, NDASurabaya yesTaipei yesTokyo yesYogyakarta yes, NDA

Emissions InventoryCity

• Many cities have initiated development of Emission Inventories

BUT• Level of detail/

disaggregation varies greatly

• Reliability of activity data on which inventories are based and Emission factors used is questionable for many of the cities

• Inventories in many of the cases were conducted by outside groups: academe or consulting firms

CAUTION in formulating AQM

policies based on current Emission Inventories


Draft, Draft, Draft


Stage 4 – Moderate and decreasing levels of air pollution; continuous monitoring, full fledged policies and control measures, emerging focus on air pollution preventionStage 3 – High but decreasing levels of air pollution; manual and continuous monitoring, comprehensive legislation and AQM Action Plans

Stage 2 – High but stabilizing levels of air pollution; ad-hoc legislation, start of monitoring, tail-pipe/ stack emissions control

Stage 1 – Moderate and increasing levels of air pollution; ad-hoc monitoring and ad-hoc control measuresStage 0 – Pre-problem stage; no or very basic AQM


AQM management capacityStage 5 – Low and decreasing levels of air pollution; routine review and updates in legislation, monitoring, policies and strong focus on air pollution prevention

Tokyo, Singapore, Osaka, Seoul

Bangkok, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Busan

Colombo, Dhaka, HCM City, Hanoi, Jakarta, Kathmandu,

Manila, Yogyakarta

Beijing, Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi, Taipei

Karachi, Surabaya

Classification according to stages is based on AQ capability questionnaire, AQ levels and City profile.


Draft, Draft, Draft

Part 3

Priorities for AQM in Asia

Potential Priority Areas

• Comprehensive Approach to air quality management• Impact assessment of air pollution• Roll-out air quality management to more cities• (New) pollutants of concern: PM, Ozone, VOCs and

heavy metals• Increased emphasis on prevention of pollution rather

than managing the tail-pipe and the stack-pipe• Integrate local air quality management with trans-

boundary air quality management• Integrate local air quality management with GHG

abatement • Funding for AQM


Comprehensive approach to AQM

• Benchmarking study: comprehensive approach to AQM, over time, gives the best results

• QA/QC THE priority in AQ monitoring• Continuous monitoring • Access to information (detailed AQ data) to

mobilize support and funding for AQM• Emissions inventories the weakest link in

AQM in Asia• Management strategies need to address

mobile, stationary and area sources• More institutional capacity/budget to

implement AQM policies

1. Air quality measurement

4.Management strategies

3. Emissions estimates

2. Data assessment/availability


Impact assessment of Air Pollution in Asia

• PAPA project fills important gap, but:• Need for increased capacity to assess health impacts

in Asia: exposure analysis, vulnerability of special groups (poor, children, elderly)

• Capacity to be more evenly spread across Asia• Indigenize the capacity to carry out health impact

research further• More detailed health and air pollution data• Make a start with more substantial work on impact

assessment of air pollution on environment (climate and crop growth rates, buildings)

• Improve quality of economic impact analysis of air pollution and do them on a routine basis


Roll-out of AQM to more cities

• Asia has about 5000 cities with more than 100.000 inhabitants. In many of the countries in Asia AQM is limited to 5-10 cities.

• National governments will need to focus more on legislation, capacity building and oversight and delegate responsibility for actual implementation of AQM to lower administrative levels

• Capacity building program required for secondary cities

• Do secondary cities need modified version of comprehensive AQM systems ?


(new) pollutants of concern PM, Ozone, VOCs and heavy metals

• Fine PM (PM10, , PM 2.5) and ultra-fine particulate major

health risk. WHO indicates no safe levels. Should Asian countries have PM standards?

• PM monitoring to be improved and more targeted PM reduction strategies to be improved

• Relative importance of PM in API’s to be reconsidered

• Increase in motorization in Asia sharpens the need to have standards for Ozone, monitor it and control it.

• Few countries in Asia monitor VOCs and heavy metals


Prevention of pollution and tail-stack pipe solutions

• Increase in drivers of air pollution in Asia makes it unlikely that tail and stack-pipe control can manage air pollution

• Fuel switching and larger share of renewable energy sources

• Relocation of pollution from population sources

• Public transport • Better Land-use planning

Emissions Standards (technology)

Clean FuelsInspection & Maintenance

Change Modal Split through Land-use Planning, Transport Planning and Travel Demand Management

Mobile Sources of Pollution

• Make optimal use of cleaner technology in stationary and mobile sources of pollution

• Cleaner fuels and engines• Better maintenance


Integration of local AQM with trans-boundary AQM

• AQM strategies usually do not take account of the contribution made by pollution originating from outside.

• Local AQ monitoring systems and trans-boundary AQ monitoring systems to be integrated

• Emission inventories and source apportionment studies to reflect what part of pollution is from local origin and what is “imported”

• Where substantive “imports” occur joint strategies to be developed with areas where pollution originates (Example of the Pearl Delta)

• Overall trans-boundary air pollution underscores the need for harmonized approaches to AQM and need for regional cooperation


Integration of local AQM with GHG abatement

• Air pollution and Greenhouse gasses share many “drivers” population growth, urbanization, energy use, motorization. It makes sense therefore to develop joint strategies.

• Co-benefits of local air pollution control and GHG abatement till now not well documented. Knowledge management to be improved.

• Air pollution community and GHG community need to improve communication. Revise organizational structures.

• More joint pilot projects.


Funding• Expansion of AQ management

(quantity and quality) will require substantive funding.

• Air Quality management is relatively under funded compared to water quality management and other urban services

• Funding of AQM needs to be made less dependent on donor funding

• Alternative funding sources such as GEF to be explored

• Polluters (stationary – mobile) need to increase funding to prevent/control pollution

• Awareness raising that money spent on AQM is money well spent

Air pollution prevention in mobile sector through improved maintenance has very good returns because of reduced fuel consumption and reduced breakdowns

•Manila US$392M•Shanghai US$880M•Bangkok US$424M•India US$14 to $ 191.6M•Jakarta US$ 100 M


Air pollution prevention in stationary sector cleaner production, reduced fuel consumption and reduced breakdowns

Justification for additional funding


Part 4

How to strengthen Coordination and

Cooperation among AQM programs and Initiatives in

Asia

Initiatives and organizations with AQM portfolio

Status of AQ

monitoring

in Asia

Name Local Air

pollution

Trans-boundar

y

No. Project

s

APFED • • 1

Asian Development Bank

• • 25

AIRPET • 6

ASEAN WGSC • 1

EMBARQ • 2

GTZ • 3

HEI • 1

(UNDP/ RCA/ IAEA)

• 14

ICLEI • 1

Kitakyushu Initiative/ IGES

• 4

JBIC • 12

JICA • 4Source: Draft Results CAI-Asia Survey AQM initiatives and Programs, 2004

AQM Coordination and Cooperation in

Asia

Name Local Air

pollution

Trans-boundar

y

No. Project

s

POINT - JTCA • 1

RAPIDC • • 3

SIAM • 6

Swisscontact • 3

UNCRD • 1

UNEP • • 5

USAID/US-AEP • 7

US-EPA • 35

USTDA • 2

S-Asia Urban Environment Management Project

• 1

The World Bank • 12

WHO • 5

- AQM Projects by country -


Asia

Singapore1%

Sri Lanka1%

India13%

Regional21%

Viet Nam4%

China, PR32%

Korea, Republic 1%

Mongolia3%

Malaysia3%

Myanmar1%

Nepal1%

Pakistan1%

Indonesia6%

Thailand3%

Bangladesh2%

Philippines7%

AQM Projects by type


Asia

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ambient Air Monitoring Mobile Sources

Stationary Sources GHG Abatement

Indoor Air Pollution Transboundary Air Pollution

Note: One Project can have multiple objectives

Breakdown Mobile Source Projects by sub-objective


Asia

0

5

10

15

20

25

Public Transport Inspection andMaintenance

Conventional andAlternative Fuels

TransportPlanning and

RoadInfrastructureNote: One Project can have multiple sub-objectives

AQM Projects by Component


Asia

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Policy/ Strategies Development Data Gathering and Analysis

Awareness Raising Capacity Building

Equipment Support

Note: One Project can have multiple components

Collective Knowledge base

• No established data-base of programs and projects – duplication of efforts

• Programs and Projects have produced substantive body of knowledge yet results are not well documented and not shared beyond groups directly involved in project implementation

• No joint agenda which documents type of programs and projects that will be required


Asia

Integration external funded projects with regular AQM efforts

• Results from special projects until now are not fully utilized in the formulation of AQ management policies and practices

• Methodology and technology of special AQ data projects is often more advanced than regular AQ monitoring programs

• Transfer of skills from special projects to regulatory agencies is limited


Asia

-CAI-Asia-

• The Clean Air Initiative promotes and demonstrates innovative ways to improve the air quality of Asian Cities through sharing experiences and building partnership- Sharing knowledge and experiences on air quality

management- Capacity building- Improving policy and regulatory frameworks at the

regional level - Assisting cities in formulating and implementing

integrated air quality management systems - Piloting projects to encourage innovation

“Create an Air Quality Management Community in Asia”


Asia

CITIESBangkok,ThailandChiang Mai,ThailandChengdu,PRCChittagong,BangladeshChongqing,PRCColombo,Sri LankaDhaka, BangladeshGuangzhou,PRCHaiphong, Viet NamHangzhou,PRCHanoi,Viet NamHarbin,PRCHo Chi Minh City,Viet NamHong Kong, SAR, ChinaHyderabad, IndiaIslamabad,PakistanKathmandu,NepalLahore, PakistanMakati,PhilippinesMetro Manila, PhilippinesMumbai, IndiaNaga,PhilippinesPhnom Penh,CambodiaPune, IndiaSingapore, (NEA)Surabaya,IndonesiaTianjin,PRCUlaanbaatar, MongoliaYogyakarta,Indonesia

NGAsAndhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board, IndiaAustralia Department of Environment and HeritageBalochistan EPA, PakistanCentral Pollution Control Board, IndiaDepartment of Environment, Bangladesh Department of Forests, Ecology and Env’t, Karnataka State, IndiaDepartment of Environment and Natural Resources, PhilippinesDepartment of Energy, PhilippinesDepartment of Transportation and Communications, PhilippinesDhaka Transport Coordination Board, BangladeshEnvironmental Protection Agency Karachi, PakistanMinistry of Environment, CambodiaMinistry of Environment, IndonesiaMinistry of Public Works and Transport, Cambodia Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, IndiaPollution Control Department, ThailandState Environmental Protection Administration (PRC focal point)Viet Nam Register, Viet NamDEVELOPMENT AGENCIESAsian Development BankAustralian Department for Environment and HeritageGerman Agency for Technical CooperationThe William and Flora Hewlett FoundationUnited States-Asia Environmental PartnershipSidaWorld Bank

FULL PRIVATE SECTOR MemberFord Motor ShellCompanyASSOCIATE PRIVATE SECTOR MemberAVL Corning ETIACFA DEKRA ESPCerulean EMITEC IPIECAMAHA SGS

50 NGOs and

Academic Institutions

in the Region


Asia

CAI-Asia Membership

What does CAI-Asia bring to the table ?

KnowledgeManagement

CapacityBuilding

RegionalPolicy andStandards

IntegratedAir QualityStrategies

Pilot Projects

Workshops

• cleanairnet.org/caiasia

• CAI-Asia Listserv• Benchmarking

Study• AQM Best Practices

• CATNet Asia• Distance learning

course• Special Training

Courses

• Strategic Framework for AQM

in Asia

• CAI-Asia Oil Industry Dialogue

• Priority Agenda for AQM in Asia

•Country and City based AQM strategies

•Country and city based local networks

• PAPA Project• Poverty and Air

Pollution

• Diesel• Emission Factor

Development

• PSUTA (sustainable transport)

• Fuel additives

• BAQ 2002• BAQ 2003• BAQ 2004

• Sustainable

Transport, Vietnam• Sustainable Urban

Dev., Shanghai

• Heating, Ulaanbaatar

• Clean Air Congress, London


Asia

Who has the capacity to coordinate ?

• Generally the will to coordinate and cooperate is larger than the capacity to actually do so

• Limited capacity means difficulties in making data available, no travel funds to attend coordination meetings, limited possibility to prepare for and follow-up to coordination meetings

• Few programs, with dedicated secretariats have actual capacity to engage in coordination, eg. CAI-Asia (8 persons), IGES, …

• Coordination mandate of these programs is partly self appointed. Natural mandate for coordination with UNEP? But, what is their capacity?


Asia

What are we coordinating?

– globally: (awareness raising on AQM, broad policy approaches, information exchange, capacity building)

– Regionally: (same as globally but at Asia specific level, more emphasis on harmonization of policies and standards)

– Nationally: (policy and standards setting, institutional structures, capacity building and AQM implementation coordination and oversight)

– City: ( implementation coordination within policies and structures set at the national level). A

ware

ness

Rais

ing a

nd K

now

ledge

managem

ent

Policies &Standards

Implementation

Coordination


Asia

- CAI-Asia 2004 objective for global coordination -

• Strengthen general knowledge base on AQM through http://www.cleanairnet.org

www.cleanairnet.org

AsiaLatin America.

Sub Sahara Africa

BAQ 2003

Global

Info-pool

East EuropeCentral Asia

EspEngPortEng Fr

Hostedunder World Bank

contract(tech. Support Chile)

Managed by ADB and WB

(tech. Support Chile)

• Discuss possibilities for coordinated approaches to capacity building with Latin America, Africa and Asia based on CATNet-Asia model and Distance learning course

• Discuss desirability and feasibility of further organizational cooperation and integration of CAI-Asia, CAI-LAC (Latin America) and CAI-SSA (Sub-Sahara Africa)


Asia

- CAI-Asia 2004 objective for regional coordination -

Four main products:• Synthesis of Air pollution health impact

studies- PAPA project – describes why AQM is needed in Asia

• Strategic Framework for Air Quality management (APMA/CAI-Asia) – outlines a broad based, high level approach to AQM in Asia

• Benchmarking of Air Quality Management capability (APMA/CAI-Asia) – assesses how far Asian cities are in the implementation of SF for AQM in Asia

• Priority Agenda for AQM in Asia (CAI-Asia/????) – in the further strengthening of AQM capacity in Asia, what should be the focus of AQM


Asia

- CAI-Asia 2004 objective for national coordination -

• Establishment of national networks in main countries of Asia

• Encourage discussion on national policies and standards on AQM

• Promote capacity building programs

China local Network

(under establishment)Lead: ADB- EF

India local Network

(under establishment)Lead: ADB

Bangladesh local Network

(under establishment)Lead: ADB + WB

Nepal local Network

(under establishment)Lead: ADB

Sri-Lanka local Network(AIRMAC)

Lead: USAID/US-AEP

Vietnam Network

Lead: USAID/US-AEP


Asia

- CAI-Asia 2004 objective for city coordination -

• Establishment of city networks where relevant

• Encourage discussion on implementation cooperation

• Promote capacity building programs

Jakarta Network

(Mitra Emisi Bersih)Lead: USAID/US-AEP

Manila local Network

(Partnership for Clean Air)

Lead: ADB

Pune local Network

Lead: USAID/US-AEP

Karachi local network(Under

establishment)Lead: IUCN


Asia

How do we continue with coordination and cooperation?

• No predefined concept of “coordination” and “cooperation”

• Each “coordinator” will define concept of “coordination” and “cooperation”

• Avoid over-dependence on one organization for coordination and cooperation

• There can and should be several coordinators for global, regional, national and local level, and thematic topics (e.g. PAPA program)

• Make certain that the coordinators talk to each other and that there are communication structures (websites, listservers, workshops, dedicated meetings)

The most successful coordination and cooperation is organic!


Asia

First Coordination Meeting of Regional Air Quality Initiatives and Programs in Asia Grand Sheraton 16 June, 2004 Bangkok, Thailand Cornie Huizenga, CAI-Asia.

Documents

aqm programs

regional programs

status of aqm

regional aqm priorities

caiasia statistics

yearsaqm statusasia

vehicleaqm statusasia

review of status