First Aid Day VI Objectives • The Student will be able to assess and respond to Cold Related Injuries – Frostbite – Hypothermia • The Student will be able to assess and respond to Heat Related Injuries • The Student will be able to assess and respond to Poisoning SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e
25
Embed
First Aid Day VI Objectives The Student will be able to assess and respond to Cold Related Injuries –Frostbite –Hypothermia The Student will be able to.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
First Aid Day VI Objectives
• The Student will be able to assess and respond to Cold Related Injuries
– Frostbite– Hypothermia
• The Student will be able to assess and respond to Heat Related Injuries
• The Student will be able to assess and respond to Poisoning
• Definition: 1. Occurs when the body’s mechanisms for regulating body temperature fail to function properly. 2. Avoiding, recognizing, and responding to cold and heat related emergencies can mean life and death– Frostbite– Hypothermia– Heat-related emergencies
Contributing Factors:To Cold Related Emergencies
(COPY)• Temperature• Protection• Wind speed• Humidity• Activity• Fluids• Hydration• Natural ability to compensate for cold
Frostbite (COPY)
• Occurs when body tissues freeze in specific areas and cells are damaged or destroyed– Numbness or tingling– Whitening or graying of skin– Yellowish or waxy skin– Frozen area feels cold, hard, and solid– Rapid loss of pain in an injured area– Blisters may appear after reheating
Respond: Frostbite (COPY)
• Warm victim and frostbitten area– If more than 1 hour from medical care, immerse
frostbitten part in warm water
• Remove clothing and jewelry that might restrict circulation
• Do NOT Rub Area• Bandage and Protect
– Dry, clean gauze or cloth between fingers and toes and over broken blisters
• Cold-related emergency that affects the entire body. The body’s warming mechanism fails causing the body temperature to drop and heart to beat erratically. If the core body temperature drops below 95, death can occur.
• Heat Cramps (salt loss)– Muscle cramps: abdomen or back of legs during or
after physical activity
• Heat Exhaustion– Headache and nausea– Sweating, thirst, and fatigue
• Heat Stroke– Hot and dry skin– Seizure– Loss of responsiveness
Respond: Heat Related (COPY)
• Cool victim – By finding a shady or cool place– Remove excess clothing– Cool by fanning or applying cool water or cold packs
• Provide fluids if responsive– Cool water or commercial sports drink (small
amounts)
• Monitor and Care– Stretch cramped muscles– Activate EMS if changes in consciousness occur
POISONING (COPY)
• Overview: Happen around home. Can be life-threatening– Ingested– Carbon monoxide– Alcohol/Drug Overdose– Plant-induced dermatitis
Types of Poisoning (COPY)
• Look for clues to determine cause. Try to get info from victim or bystanders– Medication– Plants– Alcohol and drugs– Carbon monoxide– Household cleaners
• Signs and Symptoms– Determine victims age and size– What and how much poison ingested– When ingested– Abdominal pain and cramping– Nausea and vomiting– Diarrhea– Burns, odors, or stains around and in mouth– Drowsiness or unresponsiveness
Respond: Ingested Poison (COPY)
• Quickly attempt to find what was ingested– Call PCC/EMS (800-222-1222) to receive
specific care advice– Monitor and Care
• Place on left side to delay poison from entering small intestine
• Save poison containers, plants, or victim’s vomit to help identify poisonous substance
Alcohol/Drug Emergencies (COPY)
• Can be extremely sedate or emotionally agitated, belligerent, or violent– Emotional distraction or instability– Lack of coordination or unsteadiness– Slurred speech or inability to communicate– Nausea and vomiting– Flushed face– Smell of alcohol on breath or clothing
Respond: Alcohol/Drug Emergencies (COPY)
• Protect yourself from victim’s erratic behavior– Check A, B, C’s– Check for injuries– Place victim on side so they don’t aspirate any vomit– Provide emotional support and continue to monitor – Activate EMS if A, B, C’s become threatened– Remove yourself from areas and seek police
assistance if the victim becomes violent
Carbon Monoxide (COPY)
• Invisible, tasteless, odorless, non-irritating gas produced by burning gasoline, wood, paper, charcoal, and natural gas
Signs and Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (COPY)
• Headache• Ringing in Ears• Chest Pain• Muscle Weakness• Nausea and Vomiting• Dizziness and blurred or double vision• Confusion• Unresponsiveness
Respond: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning (COPY)
• Monitor and Care– Remove victim from toxic environment and into
fresh air immediately– If unresponsive, place in the recovery position
• Call EMS– Can help provide equipment to oxygenate– Victim’s should get a blood test– If necessary, call poison control or get medical
help immediately
Other Gases
• Chlorine and ammonia may cause irritation, coughing, and breathing distress
• Clean Injury– Soap and water and alcohol to remove
infectious substance
• Assist with Medication– Apply aveeno, calamine lotion, or baking soda
paste to alleviate itching
• Seek physician if condition doesn’t improve
Bell Ringer # VIA Chilly Day
Scenario #6• Megan is building a snow-fort with her younger siblings.
It is very cold outside, and they have been outside for about four hours. Ben, Megan's little brother, comes in and says he can't feel his fingers. You look at it, and see that it is very white. When you touch it, it feels hard and waxy. What is wrong with Ben's fingers and what should you do?
• Describe what steps you would take to help Ben and do no further harm to his injury.