Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz New approaches to airborne particle monitoring A. Lloyd Spetz, 1,2 J. Huotari 2 , C. Bur 1,3 , M. Sobocinski 2 R. Bjorklund 1 , J. Juuti 2 , J. Lappalainen 2 , H. Jantunen 2 , A. Schütze 3 , M. Andersson 1 1 Div Applied Sensor Science, Dept. Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, 2 Microelectronics and Material Physics Laboratories, University of Oulu FIN 900 14 Oulu, Finland 3 Laboratory for Measurement Technology, Saarland University, Campus A5 1 D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
43
Embed
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz New approaches to airborne particle monitoring A.Lloyd Spetz, 1,2 J. Huotari 2, C. Bur 1,3, M. Sobocinski.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
New approaches to airborne
particle monitoring
A. Lloyd Spetz,1,2
J. Huotari2, C. Bur1,3, M. Sobocinski2
R. Bjorklund1, J. Juuti2, J. Lappalainen2, H. Jantunen2, A. Schütze3, M. Andersson1
• PALAS RGB 1000 dry particle generator• Pegasor nanoparticle sensor as reference• Flow through chamber for testing of sensors (SiC-FETs)• A measurement chamber with probe connections will be
built for measurements from DC to GHz range
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Impedance spectroscopy of particles
Airborne steel plant particles
Deposited CNT particles
CNT (8.9 µg/ml) CNT (89 µg/ml)
SEM:
Optical spectra
Impedance spectra, potential for size, concentration and kind of particles and possible for on-line measurements
Joni Houtari
SEM
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Detection of particle content
Flow controller 1100ml/min
Flow controller 2100ml/min
Heater with particles
Sensor chamber
Electronics
Data acquisition LabView
Gas mixing program
T-control Const. I control
N2
O2
Waste
Heating of particles and detection of emissions with gas sensors
Christian Bur
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Detection of particle content
Christian Bur
Ammonia containing fly ashParticles heated to 430°C. Detection by SiC-FETs and
environmental mass spectrometer. Gas flow: 25ml/ min
Mass spectrometer signal
SiC-FET signal. Pt gate, T=220oC, IS-G = 55 µA
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Future: Envisaged packaging ideas
One alternative co-fired LTCC modules
Maciej SoboskinskiMike Anderson
Jari Juuti
Detection of emitted gases by sensor array
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Conclusions• Toxic gases and airborne nanoparticles need to
be monitored for environmental control
• The new generation SiC-FETs provide a powerful sensor platform for detection of gases (and eventually particles)
• The content of nanoparticles is important to measure: Impedance spectroscopy or heating particles and subsequent detection of the emissions by gas sensors
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
AcknowledgementsApplied Sensor Science at
Linköping UniversityProf. Anita Lloyd SpetzDr. Mike AnderssonDr. Robert BjorklundDr. Jens Eriksson, post docZhafira Darmastuti, PhD studentChristian Bur, PhD student Hossein Fashandi, PhD studentPeter Möller, research engineer
Grant support is acknowledged from:The VINN Excellence Center in Research & Innovation on Functional Nanostructured Materials (FunMat)The Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA), The Swedish Research Council and TEKES in Finland
Microelectronics and Material Science Laboratories, University of OuluProf. Heli JantunenProf. Jyrki LappalainenProf. Anita Lloyd SpetzAss. Prof. Jari JuutiDr Mike AnderssonJoni Huotari, PhD studentMaciej Soboskinskij, PhD student
Laboratory for Measurement Technology, Saarland UniversityProf. Andreas SchützeChristian Bur, PhD student
COST Action EuNetAir TD 1105
European Network on Air Pollution Control
Sources of emissions: e.g. industry, vehicles, volcanous and candles (soot)
Swedish Lucia performance (1963)
Clean environment through air quality control by sensor systems
A clean environment should belong to human rights.
Sensor systems are needed for emission monitoring and control.
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
SiC-FET transducer platform for gas sensors
I/V characteristics SiC-FET: presence (red dashed line) of a gas - internal voltage drop at the gate metal/ insulator interface – a shift in the I/V-curve
Absence of gas
Presence of gas
Cross section of depletion SiC-FETGate sensing layer: porous catalytic metal, Pt, Ir
Mike Andersson
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Impedance spectra of particles from steel plant and CNTs
Steel plant particles CNT
Optical image, airborne particles from steel plant
Impedance spectra, potential for on-line measurements
SEM: CNTs deposited on IDEs
Joni Huotari
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Sensor signal set to alarm level of 15-20ppm ammonia.
Detection of NH3 in low oxygen and high CO concentration functions
NH3 detection using new SiC-FET sensor design
0 5000 10000 15000 200000
1
2
3
4
5
Sen
sor si
gnal
[V]
Time [s]
0
100
200
300
400
500U
nburn
ed m
atte
r [p
pm
]
0510152025303540
Am
monia
[ppm
]
NH3 CO
Mike Andersson
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Inauguration A. Lloyd Spetz 2012-09-11
Impedance spectra of particles from steel plant and CNTs
Impedance spectra for detection of concentration, size, content with potential for on-line measurements
Joni Huotari
CNTsSteel plant particles
7.0
0.02
Market legislations for heavy duty trucks On Road US
On Road EU
On Road Japan
2.0 3.5 5.0
0.15
0.10
NOx (g/kWh)
PM (g/kWh)
0.05
US’04
US’10
US’07
EU-II 95/96
EU-III 00/01
EU-VI 13/14 ~
Japan NLT 05
EU-V 08/09
EU-IV 05/06
From 2015: 0.4g/kW-hr for NOx, 0.02 g/kW-hr for PM
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
0200040006000800010000
0
25
50
75
100
1600
2000
2400
Sensor @ 225oCSensor @ 325C
HCCOO2
Se
ns
or s
ign
als
[mV
]
048
121620
O2 c
on
c [
%]
Em
iss
ion
s [p
pm
]
Silicon Carbide Sensors Combustion control in small power plants
Mike Andersson
SCR, Selective Catalytic Reduction, system
4NO +4NH3 + O2 4N2 + 6H2O
2NO2 +4NH3 + O2 3N2 + 6H2O
NH2CONH2 + H2O 2 NH3 + CO2
Engine
Catalyst
NH3 NOx
Ureainjection
ControlAlgorithms
UreaTank
Enginemodel
Catalystmodel
NH3 sensor requirements:
• Operation T > 400C(700C short periods of time)
• Detection limit <10 ppm
SCR now in trucks by both Volvo and Scania
OBD (On Board Diagnostics) expected
NH3 Lab measurements
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4020 10 5 ppm
Vol
t
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4020 10 5 ppm
Vol
t
0 20 40 Tid (min) 60 80 4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4020 10 5 ppm
Vol
t
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4020 10 5 ppm
Vol
t
0 20 40 Tid (min) 60 80
SiC-FET sensor signal to ammonia for two SiC FETs. Detection limit < 5 ppm in 10% O2 / N2.
Mike Andersson
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Particles spread by volcanos
The eruption plume of St. Helen volcano, in 1980 courtesy of NASA.
Volcanic iron oxide rich soil in Rwanda(courtesy Biomed Central.)
Podoconiosis
Aggressive African-endemic Kaposi’s
sarcoma of the foot
Buzea et al. Biointerphases, 2, 4 (2007) MR17-MR71
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
The SiC-FET ammonia sensor
Diesel engine measurement
SCR system Two MISiCFET
sensors and optical reference instrument
H. Svenningstorp, H. Wingbrant
Fine Particle Forum August 15, 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
31
Nano-ID™ NPS500 based on DMA (Differential Mobility Analyzer) technology, portable particle measurement device (5-500nm)
Additional functionality by smart packaging, LTCC packaging (Docent Jari Juuti):
Collection of particles by thermophoresis (cold sensor surface), applied voltage, magnetic field
Detection of content of particles by heating at a hot spot and detection of emissions by a sensor array, smart operation and data evaluation
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Tailoring of SiC based field effect sensors for CO2 monitoring
SiC based CO2 sensor
Li2CO3-BaCO3 sensing layer
MgO prevents response to hydrogen containing gases
H. Inoue, M. Andersson, M. Yuasa, T. Kida, A. Lloyd Spetz, and K. Shimanoe:CO2 sensor combining an MISiC capacitor and a binary carbonate, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 14 (1) (2011) J4-J7.
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Tailoring of SiC based field effect sensors for O2 monitoring
M. Andersson, A. Lloyd Spetz, Tailoring of SiC based field effect gas sensors for improved selectivity to non-hydrogen containing species, IMCS13, Perth, Australia, July 12-14, 2010, 369.
No response to hydrogen containing gases
Response to oxygen
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Sensor system for control of small and medium sized power plants
www.sensic.se
Mike Andersson and Magnus Palm: installation of a sensor system for control of a domestic boiler) at Ariterm Sweden AB (key partner)
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
• NANOSIGHT- optical method to measure size- laser light source - typical range 10 nm - 1000 nm • BECKMAN COULTER- particle size of fluid with nanoparticles- laser light- for size analysis: electrophoretic light scattering (ELS)• LIGHTHOUSE WORLDWIDE
SOLUTIONS- handheld and portable particle counters- minimum sensitivity: 200 nm• AIRMODUS- condensation to grow 1 nm diameter nanoparticles to optically detectable sizes• KANOMAX- condensation to grow 15 nm diameter
nanoparticles to optically detectable sizes
- PEGASOR- Portable real time measuring
instrument- Detection of total surface area, mass,
number of particles
BECKMAN COULTER
NANOSIGHT LM10KANOMAX MODEL 3800
AIRMODUS
LIGHTHOUSE HANDHELD 2016
42
Present commercial particle detectors
SPIE Baltimore, April 29 2013, A. Lloyd Spetz
Envisaged packaging ideas
Material combinations and process development to enable wafer level integration of functional packages by cost effective means.