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BRAIN FINGERPRINTING TECHNOLOGY

A presentation by:

Atul Sharma

CONTENTS

Introduction Developed by Based on Technique What is MERMER? Procedure Types of stimuli used Terminologies Applications Pros and Cons Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Brain Fingerprinting technique is used to determine scientifically what information is, or is not stored in a particular brain.

DEVELOPED BY

Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farwell. The hypothesis is that the brain processes known and relevant information differently from the way it processes unknown or irrelevant information (Farwell & Donchin 1991).

BASED ON

Brain fingerprinting is based on finding that the brain generates a unique brain wave pattern when a person encounters a familiar stimulus.

TECHNIQUE The technique uses the well known

fact that an electrical signal known as P300 or MERMER is emitted from an individual's brain approximately 300 milliseconds after it is confronted with a stimulus of special significance.

WHAT IS MERMER?

Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic Response

A MERMER is an electric signal which is part of the brainwave observed in response to familiar information.

When the brain recognizes something, then there is an increase in neurons activity, so elicit some changes in brain wave signals.

IT INCORPORATES THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE

The person to be tested wears a special headband with electronic sensors that measure the EEG from several locations on the scalp.

EEG

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the measurement of electrical activity produced by the brain as recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp.

PROCEDURE CONTD.

In order to calibrate the brain fingerprinting system, the testee is presented with a series of irrelevant stimuli, words, and pictures, and a series of relevant stimuli, words, and pictures.

These stimuli are of three types: >Irrelevant > Target >Probe

TYPES OF STIMULI USED 1) "irrelevant" stimuli that are irrelevant to the

investigated situation and to the test subject 2) "target" stimuli that are relevant to the

investigated situation and are known to the subject, and

3) "probe" stimuli that are relevant to the investigated situation and that the subject denies knowing. Probes contain information that is known only to the perpetrator and investigators, and not to the general public or to an innocent suspect who was not at the scene of the crime.

How Brain Waves are used to detect guilt?

A suspect is tested by looking at three kinds of information represented by different colored lines:

Information the suspect is expected to know. It arises due to target type stimulus.

Information of the crime that only the perpetrator would know. This arises due to probes.

Irrelevant information.

RedBlue

Green

Information regarding the crime is not known.

In this figure the red and blue lines are closely correlated suspect has knowledge of crime.

RED

BLUEGREEN

REDBLUE

GREEN

WHY IS IT CALLED SO?

Brain Fingerprinting was so named because like fingerprinting it detects a match between evidence from the crime scene and evidence on the brain of the suspect.

Continued..

Actually when brain recognizes something then there is some changes in the neurons activity ,due to which there is changes in brainwave signals .On the basis of these changes in brain wave signals scientists determine that a particular information is present in the subject mind or not .

APPLICATIONS

o Counter Terrorismo Medical Diagnosiso Criminal Investigationo Advertisingo Security Testing

1.Counter Terrorism Aid in determining who has participated

in terrorist acts, directly or indirectly. Aid in identifying trained terrorists with

the potential to commit future terrorist acts, even if they are in a “sleeper” cell and have not been active for years.

Help to determine if an individual is in a leadership role within a terrorist organization

2.Criminal Justice A critical task of the criminal justice

system is to determine who has committed a crime. The key difference between a guilty party and an innocent suspect is that the perpetrator of the crime has a record of the crime stored in their brain, and the innocent suspect does not. Until the invention of Brain Fingerprinting testing, there was no scientifically valid way to detect this fundamental difference.

3.Medical Field

Brain Fingerprinting‟ is the patented technology that can measure objectively, for the first time, how memory and cognitive functioning of Alzheimer sufferers are affected by medications.

4.Advertising

How do we know what information people retain from a media campaign? There is a new technology that allows us to measure scientifically if specific information, like a product brand, is retained in a person‟s memory.

5. Security Testing

Help to identify people who have knowledge or training in banking, finance or communications and who are associated with terrorist teams and acts.

Comparison with other technologies

Fingerprints and DNA are available in only 1% of crimes. The brain and the evidence recorded in it are always there.

No questions are asked or answers are given during Brain Fingerprinting.

Brain Fingerprinting depends only on the brain information processing, it does not depend on the emotional response of the subject.

Record of 100% accuracy.

Limitations

It does not indicate intent of the crime.

This technology is a little bit controversial.

Difficult to distinguish the criminal and a witness who saw all the criminal activity happen or was present at the crime scene.

It can detect what information is stored in the subject’s brain. It can’t detect how that information got there.

CONCLUSION Brain Fingerprinting is a revolutionary

new scientific technology for solving crimes, identifying perpetrators, and exonerating innocent suspects, with a record of 100% accuracy in research with US government agencies, actual criminal cases, and other applications. The technology fulfills an urgent need for governments, law enforcement agencies, corporations, investigators, crime victims, and falsely accused, innocent suspects.

REFERENCES…

Dr. Farwell's Brain Fingerprinting website Accessed September 15, 2014. KOMO TV News – "Brain Fingerprinting could be breakthrough in law enforcement"

 Accessed September 15, 2014 "Truth and Justice, by the Blip of a Brainwave", The New York Times, October 9, 2001,

by Barnaby J. Feder. Accessed September 15, 2014. ABC-TV Good Morning America: Charles Gibson interviews Dr. Lawrence Farwell "Mind-

Reading Technology Tests Subject's Guilt -- Brain-Reading Technology Becomes New Tool in Courts," March 9, 2004. Accessed September 15, 2014.

PBS Special Report on Brain Fingerprinting and Interactive Website. Accessed September 15, 2014.

“Brain fingerprinting: a comprehensive tutorial review of detection of concealed information with event-related brain potentials.” Peer-reviewed article by Dr. Larry Farwell in Cognitive Neurodynamics. Accessed September 15, 2014.

“Brain fingerprinting field studies comparing P300-MERMER and P300 brainwave responses in the detection of concealed information.” Peer-reviewed article by Farwell, Richardson, and Richardson on brain fingerprinting research at the FBI and the CIA, and in detecting real crimes and bomb makers,published in Cognitive Neurodynamics. Accessed September 15, 2014.

“Brain fingerprinting classification concealed information test detects US Navy military medical information with P300.” Peer-reviewed article by Farwell, Richardson, Richardson, and Furedy on CIA-sponsored brain fingerprinting research at the US Navy published in Frontiers in Neuroscience. Accessed May 31, 2015.

THANK YOU.