7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
1/57
Writing research report (Thesis) &
Vancouver style
A. B. PatidarLecturer, CON,DMCH
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
2/57
Before we move ahead. . .
How many of you have completed a study?
Do you have shared your findings with others?
Have you confirm that your findings are being usedby others as EBP?
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
3/57
Agenda of presentation
Need of the reportingTypes of the reporting outletsCharacteristics of good thesisOutline of thesis
1. Preliminary section2. Main body
Chapter I Introduction Chapter II- Review of literature Chapter III- Methodology Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation Chapter V Discussion
3. Supplementary sectionReferencing: Vancouver style for citing a journal article
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
4/57
Need of reporting
Research is a costly endeavor.
No study is complete until the findings have been
written and shared with others in form of a researchreport.
Reporting contribute to the base of evidence for
nursing practice
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
5/57
Research reportCommunication and dissemination outlet of summarizedresearch findings.
Communication outlets are
Theses and dissertations Term papers Journal articles On-line publications
Report to funder Professional conferences- Oral report / Poster session
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
6/57
Thesis
A long piece of writing, a formal paper, discussed in alogical way, completed by a student as a part of auniversity degree, based on his/her own originalresearch.
Interchangeable with dissertation.
8/12/2013
Oxford dictionary, 8 th ed, 2009
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
7/57
Why thesis?
Share with wide number of peopleCritiqueReplication
Evidence based practice
Requirement of a particular course- B Sc (N) / M Sc (N)/ M Phil/ Ph D
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
8/57
Characteristics of good thesis
ClarityConciseComplete in information
AccurateInterestingAttractive, neat and clean
Objectivity and Honesty
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
9/57
Very important
Most universities have a preferred format for theirthesis.Follow your university format.
Please log on to www.bfuhs.ac.in
8/12/2013
http://www.bfuhs.ac.in/http://www.bfuhs.ac.in/7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
10/57
Outline of thesis
1. Preliminary section
2. Main body
3. Supplementary section
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
11/57
1. Preliminary section
Title pageEndorsement by the HOD, principal/head of the institutionCertificate by the guide, co-guideDeclaration by the candidate
Copyright certificateAcknowledgmentAbstractTable of contents
List of annexureList of tablesList of figuresList of abbreviations & symbols used
8/12/2013
Preface / forward
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
12/57
A STUDY TO EXAMINE SUBSTANCE MISUSE AMONG
PATIENTS HAVING SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ITS
EFFECT ON THEIR CLINICAL AND
FUNCTIONAL STATUS
Thesis submitted to the faculty of the
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
(Psychiatric Nursing ) March 2010
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFDR. SANDHYA GUPTA
BYSUSHIL KUMAR MAHESHWARI
COLLEGE OF NURSING
AIIMS, NEW DELHI
8/12/2013
STUDY TITLE16-18, CENTERED, UPPER/
LOWER CASE
University logo
Thesis submitted to the faculty of the
Name of the university
in partial fulfillment of the requirementfor the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (Put your specialty branch )
Month & year of submission
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OFPUT YOUR GUIDE NAME
BYNAME OF CANDIDATE
COLLEGE NAMECITY
14-16Upper/Lower
Case
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
13/57
8/12/2013
ENDORSEMENT BY THE HOD, PRINCIPAL OF THE INSTITUTION
This is to certify that the thesis entitled " is a
bonafide research work done by Name of the Candidate under the guidance of
Name & designation of the Guide
Seal & Signature of the HOD
Name
Seal & Signature of the Principal
Name
Date :
Place:
Date :
Place:
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
14/57
8/12/2013
CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled " is a
bonafide research work done by ----Name of the Candidate----- in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in
Nursing -----put your specialty---- .
Date :
Place:
Signature of the Co-Guide
Name
Designation & Department
Signature of the Guide
Name
Designation & Department
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
15/57
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
16/57
8/12/2013
DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE
I hereby declare that this thesis entitled < -----------------------------Study
Title----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------->" is a bonafide and genuine research work carried out by me
under the guidance of ------Name & designation of the Guide------.
Date :
Place:Signature of the CandidateName
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
17/57
8/12/2013
COPYRIGHT CERTIFICATE
Declaration by the Candidate
I hereby declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health
Sciences, Karnataka shall have the rights to preserve, use and
disseminate this thesis in print or electronic format for academic /
research purpose.
Date :
Place:
Signature of the Candidate
Name
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
18/57
8/12/2013
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Mention persons who have made substantial contribution to thestudy but whose contribution does not qualify them for authorship.
Might include your guide, co guide, principle/HOD, faculty,statistician, friends, organization, funding agency, family, and off course patients or study participants.
Not lengthy, one page & signed.
Signature of the Candidate
Name
Date :
Place:
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
19/57
8/12/2013
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS & SYMBOLS USED
Use only standard abbreviations
Do not use abbreviations in the title
Specify abbreviation in full when it comes 1 st time in text.
In alphabetical order
1. anon- Anonymous2. et. el.- and others3. illus- Illustrated a
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
20/57
Abstract
First point of contact with readers about findings, sodeserve careful attention.Written brief description of research problem,methods and finding of the study, so readers candecide whether to read the entire thesis. Traditional (unstructured) paragraph Structured with sub headings.
Include key words that will help others to locate yourstudy, should indexed in Medline or CINAHL.
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
21/57
8/12/2013
STRUCTURED ABSTRACT(Max. 150-250 words)
Background & Objectives
Methods
Results
Interpretation & Conclusion
Keywords:(Max. 10, Each keyword should be separated bysemicolon ;)
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
22/57
8/12/2013
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter No. Contents Page No.I INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1-5Need for the study 5-6Statement of the problem 6Objectives 6
Assumptions 7Operational definitions 7-8Conceptual framework 8-12
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13-32
III METHODOLOGY Research approach 33Research design 33Setting 33Population 33Sample and sampling technique 34Data collection tools and techniques 35Ethical clearance 40Method for data collection 40Pilot study 41Data analysis 41
IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 42-81V DISCUSSION 82-92
REFERENCES 93-99ANNEXURE 100-168
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
23/57
8/12/2013
LIST OF ANNEXURES
S.No. Name of Annexure Page No.
I Letter Granting Ethical Clearance 100II Information Sheet, Consent Form and Screening Sheet 100-107III Structured Demographic Schedule 108-113
IV Clinical Profile Sheet 114-118V Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 119-125VI Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test 126-157VII Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale 156-188VIII World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 188-111IX Certificate for Competence 158
X List of Experts 159
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
24/57
8/12/2013
LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title of Table Page No.
1. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients 362. Socio-demographic Characteristics of the Patients 37 3. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients 40 4. Clinical Characteristics of the Patients 42
5. Distribution of the Patients According to Socio-demographicCharacteristics 44 6. Age of the Patients at the Time of First Ever Misuse in Past User
and Current User 45 7. Type of First Substance Misused by Ever User Patients 47 8. Comparison of Clinical Status between Never User, Past User
and Current User Patients 49
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
25/57
8/12/2013
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Title of Figure Page No.
1. Conceptual framework of the study 122. Pie diagram showing the prevalence of substance misuse among
schizophrenic patients 503. Bar graph showing the types of substance use by ever users
and current users patients 524. Pie diagram showing the type of substance used by currentusers patients. 60
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
26/57
2. Main body
Chapter I- IntroductionChapter II- Review of LiteratureChapter III- MethodologyChapter IV- Analysis and interpretation/ ResultsChapter V- Discussion and summary
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
27/57
Chapter I - Introduction
IntroductionBackgroundNeed of the study and how this work will help
Statement of the problem, research questionsAim of the studyObjectives (1, 2, 3. . . .)
Variables under study (IV, DV & EV), Hypotheses,Delimitations, Assumptions, Operational definitions,Conceptual framework.
8/12/2013
General
specific
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
28/57
8/12/2013
Conceptual Framework Based on Tannahills Health Promotion Model
Area notunder study
Domains of Health Promotion
1. PreventionGenetic counseling
No maternal deprivationTreat early child hood
trauma No life stressEncourage socializationGood parenting practicesRegular screeningSelf help groups
2. Preventivehealth educationScreening for
schizophreniaMotivate public to
use such screeningfacilities
3. PreventivehealthprotectionPsycho
educationAdherence
counseling
4. Protective healtheducation for preventivepurposesCheck for non adherenceAssessment of risk factors
like substance misuseTreatment of risk factors
& appropriate referral
5. Healtheducation forwell beinggainsPromoting of
healthy lifestyle
6. Health protection forwell being gains Proper use of leisure
timeUse of day care centers
& half way homesFamily & social supportContinue medicationMotivation & follow up
counseling
7. Protective healtheducation for wellbeing gainsFamily & community
educationInvolvement of school
and colleges in healthcampaignMore leisure facilities
for increased well being
Types of substance misuse,Duration of misuse, current statusCurrent functional status in area of:
1 Understanding and communication2 Getting around3 Self care4 Getting along with people5 Life activities6 Participation in society
Over all health of patient
Duration of difficulties
Assessment of risk factorsAge of onset, type & course of schizophreniaTDI
Number of hospitalizationPresence of co-morbid medical/surgical/psychiatric illnessFamily history of psychiatric illnessFamily history of substance misuseCurrent psychotropic medication & their side effectsPresence of positive, negative, general psychopathological
symptoms
Plan for InterventionsReferralTreatment- Pharmaceutical drugs & detoxificationAversion therapy and BTCounselingIndividual and family counselingMotivation for regular follow up
OutcomeAbstinent from drug misuseContinue adherence to treatmentRegular follow up
Negative clinical status scoreHigh functioning
Area under study
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
29/57
This chapter has dealt with ..The next chapter will deal with.
8/12/2013
At the end of every chapter..
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
30/57
Chapter II- Review of literature
Divide all available review in different section as perstudyArrange recent to old
In historical research- Old to recentFollow Vancouver style
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
31/57
Chapter III Methodology
Research ApproachResearch designSettingPopulationSampling technique & Sample( IC and EC, sample size)Data collection tools & techniques ( From tool no 1 to toolno n, with content validity and reliability, Development of the tools)Translation of toolsResearcher training for tool useTools try out
8/12/2013 Contd..
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
32/57
Intervention if anyEthical clearanceInformed consent
Data collection procedure (method of data collection)Pilot studyDuration of data collection
Problems in data collection(if any)Data analysis plan
8/12/2013
Chapter III Methodology
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
33/57
Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation
Results Specify about coding of data, master data sheetand statistical package (SPSS 10)
Presentation of data in sections, objective wise,significant boldEmphasize only important observations fromtables/illustrations in the text without undue
repetition of date & give interpretation of thefinding
8/12/2013 Contd..
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
34/57
Do not repeat the same data in tables &illustrations.Start with description of subjects characteristics,
then present findings as per the objectives of thestudy (Obj-1 to obj- n), if any extra finding- put it atend.Write p value exactly
8/12/2013
Chapter IV Analysis and interpretation
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
35/57
Chapter V Discussion
Summary of major findings, Do not repeat all the data,Discussion (mention & link review in support of yourfindings, defend your findings with available literature orlogic),
As per objectiveConclusionsImplications (nursing education, adm, practice & research)Recommendations (present and future)
Limitations.Avoid conclusions for which adequate data has not beenobtained
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
36/57
References
Vancouver styleReference list after chapter V.References should be numbered consecutively in the
order in which they are first mentioned in the text.They should not be listed alphabetically by author ortitle or put in date order.
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
37/57
Vancouver style for citing a journal article
Green Bob, Young R, Kavanagh D, Wilson JD,
Martin JB, Kasper DL, et al. Cannabis use andmisuse prevalence among people with psychosis.Br J Psychiatry 1996 Jun;12(5):127-33.
8/12/2013
http://www.library.uq.edu.au/useit/
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
38/57
3. Supplementary section
References (if not mentioned earlier)AnnexureIndex
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
39/57
Annexure / Appendices
Letter granting ethical clearanceAny specific material developed Informed consent and PIS
Tools- Original and translatedAny developed guidelineCompetency certificateList of expertsCD
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
40/57
Front page and binding
Same as title pageBinding- Printed colored hard board binding with silver / gold
foil lettering. Printed soft spiral / staple bindingCover thesis with plastic to make it safe.All the colleges / a university students should usesame colorBlue / brown / light green are good colors.
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
41/57
8/12/2013
Hard board binding Spiral binding
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
42/57
Side of the thesis
Put three information in following sequence
8/12/2013
Name of university Candidate name Month & year of submission
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
43/57
Specific Instructions
Use bond paper, A4 size (min 80 gsm)Type on one side of paper only,Para indent 5-7 spaces,
Keep left alignment, do not justify linesDo not divide the words at the end of the line. (-)Leave 1-1 1/2" space on all sides of the paper (Lt- 1.5,Rt- 1, top & bottom - 1)
Prepare 6-7 copies for submission & one for yourself
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
44/57
Tables/figures
Color page, cover with transparencyNumber the tables/figures consecutively and not foreach chapter separately.
Insert figure in the text page itself instead of a freshpage each time.Do not break a table on two pagesObtain permission to use photographs
Give a brief but clear title to each table / figure
8/12/2013
C 6
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
45/57
8/12/2013
CHAPTER TITLE- 16,CENTERED, BOLD,UPPER CASE
Sub heading: 12,Left, boldlowercase
Heading: 14, Left,bold, lowercase
Text: font size 12,un-bold, leftaligned
Text
Type double space,(Times New Roman)
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
46/57
English Editing
Free from grammatical & spelling mistakesAvoid abstract terms and technical jargonsUse of Tense
Past or present perfect tense for review & discussion of past events
Past- to discuss results Present- conclusions
Passive voice and impersonal pronouns as thesesuggest greater impartiality.Dont use I / We / me / us (personal pronouns)
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
47/57
From where, to start thesis writing?
8/12/2013
IIntroduction
IIReview of lit
IIIMethodology
IVResults
VDiscussion
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
48/57
What to do if find thesis work boring?
Do it .. Do it .. Do it .. Do it Get an habit of writing, even only 10-15 min/dayJust begin somewhere & keep it regular
Writing of 1 st draft is hard
Take deep breathMeditation/ yogaFulfill hobbies
8/12/2013
V R f i S l
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
49/57
Van co u ver Referenc ing Style
A uniform set of requirements for bibliographic references.
a "numbered" style
follows rules established by the International Committeeof Medical Journal Editors
also known as: Uniform Requirements for ManuscriptsSubmitted to Biomedical Journals.
http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/http://www.icmje.org/7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
50/57
In-text citing
A number is allocated to a source in the order inwhich it is cited in the textIf the source is referred to again, the same number
is used.Example:...as one author has put it "the darkestdays were still ahead" [1]: which is welldocumented in the literature. [2-5] This provesthat "the darkest days were still ahead". [1]
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
51/57
Essential Elements for Referencing
F or Books
Author Title
EditionPlace of PublicationPublisher
Date (year)
F or Journals
Author Title of Article
Journal TitleDateVolume number
Issue number Page numbers
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
52/57
Examples for books
Personal Author:
Adam RD, Victor M. Principles of Neurology. 5 th ed. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Organization as author:
Virginia Law Foundation. The Medical and legal implicationsof AIDS. Charlottesville: The Foundation, 1987.
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
53/57
Example for journal article
(Titles of Journals should be abbreviated according to IndexMedicus)Standard Journal Article: (list all authors, but if there are more than six, only list thefirst six followed by et al)
Burks RT, Morgan J. Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligaments. Am J Sports Med 1994Jan-Feb; 22(1): 72-77.
Organization as author:
NIH Technology Assessment Workshop Panel. The Persian Gulf Experience andHealth. JAMA 1994; 272: 391-395.
No author given:
Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas [editorial] BMJ 1981; 283:628.
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
54/57
Example journal article
Journal article in Electronic format:Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serialonline] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5]; 1(1): [24 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm
Conference Proceedings:Preston D, editor. Computers in Clinical Dentistry. Proceedings of the firstInternational Conference on Computers in Clinical Dentistry; 1991 Sept 26-29:Houston. Chicago: Quintessence, 1993.
http://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htmhttp://www.cdcgov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
55/57
To summarize
Follow your university guideline.Though many things are same as we discussed todaybut off course few variation might exist uni to uni.If you are not following than guideline strictly, it mayresult that your thesis comes back to you forclarification and rectification andYou may have undue stress and unnecessary workloadto correct the things which could be done earlier.
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
56/57
Thanks
8/12/2013
7/27/2019 Final Thesis Writing Style
57/57