FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP I, KADUNA) CR 4408 ABBREVIATED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (ARAP) OF PROPOSED OPRC ROADS MOW & T/KADRAMP/C/12/10 LOT N1, N2, S1, S2 Final Report RP472 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP I, KADUNA)
CR 4408
ABBREVIATED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (ARAP)
OF
PROPOSED OPRC ROADS
MOW & T/KADRAMP/C/12/10
LOT N1, N2, S1, S2
Final Report
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2 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................ 12
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... 45
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 2. 1: Reconnaisance Survey along Angwan Kadi and Birnin Yero Communities on project route R 2-10 ............................................................... 1516
Figure 3. 1: Map of Nigeria Showing the Project State - Kaduna State .................... 1718
Figure 3. 2: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot N1...................................... 1819
Figure 3. 3: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot N2...................................... 1819
Figure 3. 4: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot S1 ...................................... 2122
Figure 3. 5: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot S2 ...................................... 2122
Figure 3. 6: Food crops and economic trees in project areas ............................... 2324
Figure 3. 7: ETF School project inaccessible due to poor road.............................. 2324
Figure 3. 8: Form of settlement in the project areas ........................................ 2425
Figure 3. 9: Consultation with women at Angwan Kadi Market on R2-10 Lot N2......... 2829
Figure 8. 1: Consultation & Interviews with Elders and Community Heads at Dundubus5152
Figure 8. 2: Sections of Youths during a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) at Mainasara and Doka respectively................................................................... 5253
Figure 8. 3: Consultation with women in Kwarakwara and Children returning from farm........................................................................................................ 5354
Figure 8. 4: Identified major source of enterprise empowerment for the women folk in Tami .................................................................................. 5354
Figure 8. 5: Consultation with the women and youths selling refreshments in Tami after the days work ....................................................................... 5354
Figure 8. 6: Consultation with PAPs and Community Head at Birnin Yero ................ 5455
Figure 8. 7: Consultation with Community Heads at Tami and Kwarakwara respectively........................................................................................................ 5556
Figure 8. 8: Consultation with the PAPs at Sako and Takanai............................... 5758
Figure 8. 9: Lot S 2 Kushe 1 & 11 Community women, youths and men commuting to the market................................................................................ 5859
Figure 8. 10: Consultation with the PAPs at kushe I and Community Head at Kushe II . 5859
Figure 8. 11: Consultation with Kushe 11 women in Lot S2 ................................. 5960
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Feeder Roads in Lot N1 and Lot N2 of Kaduna North…………………………………….18
Table 3.2: Feeder Roads in Lot S1 and Lot S2 of Kaduna South……………………………………..20
Table 3.3a: Gender Distribution of PAPs in Lot N1…………………………………………………………23
Table 3.3b: Age Distribution of PAPs in Lot N1………………………………………………………………23
Table 3.3c: Marital Status of PAPs in Lot N1………………………………………………………………….23
Table 3.3d: Educational Attainment of PAPs in Lot N1………………………………………………….23
Table 3.3e: Occupation of PAPs in Lot N1………………………………………………………………………24
Table 3.3f: Income Earning Category of PAPs per month in Lot N1……………………………..24
Table 3.3g: Common Health Conditions amongst PAPs Household Members in Lot N1..25
Table 3.4a: Gender Distribution of PAPs in Lot N2………………………………………………………..26
5 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Table 3.4b: Age Distribution of PAPs in Lot N2………………………………………………………………26
Table 3.4c: Marital Status of PAPs in Lot N2………………………………………………………………….26
Table 3.4d: Educational Attainment of PAPs in Lot N1………………………………………………….27
Table 3.4e: Occupation of PAPs in Lot N2……………………………………………………………………….27
Table 3.4f: Income Earning Category of PAPs per month in Lot N2……………………………….28
Table 3.4g: Common Health Conditions amongst PAPs Household Members in Lot N2….28
Table 3.5a: Gender Distribution of PAPs in Lot S1………………………………………………………….28
Table 3.5b: Age Distribution of PAPs in Lot S1……………………………………………………………….29
Table 3.5c: Marital Status of PAPs in Lot S1…………………………………………………………………..29
Table 3.5d: Educational Attainment of PAPs in Lot S1…………………………………………………..29
Table 3.5e: Occupation of PAPs in Lot S1……………………………………………………………………...29
Table 3.5f: Income Earning Category of PAPs per month in Lot S1……………………………….30
Table 3.5g: Common Health Conditions amongst PAPs Household Members in Lot S1….30
Table 3.6a: Gender Distribution of PAPs in Lot S2…………………………………………………………30
Table 3.6b: Age Distribution of PAPs in Lot S2………………………………………………………………30
Table 3.6c: Marital Status of PAPs in Lot S2………………………………………………………………….31
Table 3.6d: Educational Attainment of PAPs in Lot S2………………………………………………….31
Table 3.6e: Occupation of PAPs in Lot S2………………………………………………………………………32
Table 3.6f: Income Earning Category of PAPs per month in Lot S2……………………………..32
Table 3.6g: Common Health Conditions amongst PAPs Household Members in Lot S2..32
Table 4.1: Comparison of Nigerian Land Use Act (1978) and World Bank’s OP 4.12…….34
Table 5.2: Valuation of Compensation Cost for Project Affected Persons………………….37
Table 6.1: Institutional Arrangement and Responsibilities for ARAP………………………….39
Table 7.1: Timetable for Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan ……………………………..45
Table 7.2: Recommended Training and Awareness……………………………………………………..46
Table 8.1: List of Participants at the Public Consultation in Lot N1………………………….48
Table 8.2: List of Participants at the Public Consultation in Lot N2………………………….50
Table 8.3: List of Participants at the Public Consultation in Lot S1………………………….53
Table 8.4: List of Participants at the Public Consultation in Lot S2………………………….54
6 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
ACRONYMS
AIT ARAP Implementation Team
ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
CBO Community Based Organisation
CLO Community Liaison Officer
DaLA Damage and Loss Assessment
DBO Design Build and Operate
EMP Environment Management Plan
ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FMARD Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
FSLC First School Leaving Certificate
GCE General Certificate in Education
IDA International Development Authority
KADRAMP Kaduna State Rural Access and Mobility Project
LGA Local Government Area
LRC Local Resettlement Committee
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
7 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
NGOs Non Governmental Organizations
OP Operational Policy
OPRC Output Performance Based Road Contracts
PAPs Project Affected Persons
RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project
RAP Resettlement Action Plan
RPF Resettlement Plan Framework
RTTP Rural Travel and Transport Programme
SPIU State Project Implementation Unit
WASC West African School Certificate
WB World Bank
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ES 1 Introduction
The World Bank in response to the Federal Government of Nigeria request through
the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) for assistance
in support of the Government policy on Rural Travel and Transport (RTTP) provided
funds through its International Development Association (IDA), the Rural Access and
Mobility Projects (RAMP) are seen as a major way of achieving this.
The RAMP is aimed at improving and enhancing accessibility and mobility in rural
areas. Accessibility and mobility are critical issues in the lives of the rural
population, considering that majority of them are Agriculturalists. Movement of
their agricultural inputs and outputs (produce) is hinged on accessibility and
mobility. Kaduna State is one of the States in the Federation to benefit from the
project. In Kaduna, the RAMP is coordinated by the State Project Coordinating Unit
(SPIU) under the Kaduna State Ministry of Works and Transport.
In the course of implementing the OPRC Roads, a number of environmental and
social safeguards policies will be triggered inclusive of which are Involuntary
Resettlement OP 4.12. However under the World Bank Safeguard Policy, on
8 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
involuntary resettlement, a project is classified as full Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP) when the number of people to be displaced involuntarily is from 200 and
above and/or when the land take involves 10 percent of the total holding. On the
contrary, if the number of people to be displaced or affected is less than 200, and
land take is less than 10 percent of the total holding, it advocates for Abbreviated
Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP).
The outcome showed that there will be minor impacts, and permanent land-take is
less than 10 percent of the total land holdings and therefore an ARAP with
economic rehabilitation will be prepared.
This ARAP would provide a plan, assistance and/or rehabilitation of PAP so that
their losses would be compensated and their standard of living will at least, be
restored to pre-project levels. The ARAP also provides for economic rehabilitation
measures so that income earning potentials of individuals is restored to sustain
their livelihoods.
ES 2 Scope of Work
The scope of work underlying this ARAP is the identification of project impacts and
affected population through the following:
• Use of thematic maps;
• Census that enumerates project affected persons (PAPs) and registers them
according to location;
• An inventory and categorization of the PAPs and assets to be affected;
• Socio-economic assessment of PAPs;
• Analysis of surveys and studies to establish compensation parameters, to design
appropriate income restoration and sustainable development initiatives;
• Identify baseline monitoring indicators; and
• Consultation with affected populations regarding mitigation of impacts and
development opportunities.
ES 3 Approach and Methodology of Social Assessment
Prior to implementation of the resettlement activities, baseline data is collected
and potential impacts are identified and analyzed. Mitigation measures are then
put in place to address negative impacts and compensatory plans are designed and
recommended. Other Key instruments include Public Consultation, focus group
discussions and detailed field visit and collection of data using household survey
Field visits were conducted across the communities of the project affected area of
influence. An inventory of the PAPs was taken as well as the baseline information
of the project areas.
9 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
ES 4 Impacts of the Project
The impacts of the road project as it concerns the social aspect are categorized
into positive and negative impacts. Whereas the positive impacts are more, the
negative impacts are minimal and were found to be those that the project can
through compensation and stakeholder collaboration with the affected project
communities address as appropriate.
Positive Impacts include
• Easy access to market and business;
• Reduction in the rate of accidents due to poor road;
• Improve condition of living due to easy movement of input and output by
farmers and business people;
• Reduction in travel time per kilometer
Negative Impacts includes:
• Temporary disturbance to access to business and movement;
• Land take resulting from minor road realignment in some places;
• Destruction of economic trees;
• Temporary Reduction in income and livelihoods;
Negative impacts are neutralized via involuntary resettlement plan.
ES 5 Entitlement Matrix
The entitlement matrix shows the categories of applicable losses and impacts as
well as the eligibility conditions and nature of entitlement. This is presented in
table below:
CATEGORY TYPE OF LOSS APPLICABLE ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ENTITLEMENTS
10 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Loss of farm land
Yes Evidence of ownership Must be supported by evidence of census undertaken during the survey
Compensation at full replacement cost value
Farmers
Loss of agricultural crops
Yes Lease contract, rental receipts, MOU Must be supported by evidence of census undertaken during the survey
Compensation at current market price of produce
Loss of economic tree
Yes Evidence of census before cut off data Must be supported by evidence of census undertaken during the survey
Compensation at full replacement cost value
Economic tree owners
Loss of income Yes Apply to fruit bearing trees
Compensation of value of sales of fruit (where applicable) at one period
Loss the entire structure
No Not applicable No compensation required Housing
Loss of part of the structure
No Not applicable No compensation required
Aesthetic and cultural property
Burial ground, shrine, monument
No Not applicable No compensation required
ES 6 Indicative Budget for ARAP Implementation
The total indicative budget for the ARAP implementation is Twenty One million,
Eight Hundred and Ninety-two Thousand, Thirty-Six Naira, Seventy-Six Kobo Only (N
21, 892,036.76). This is comprised as shown in the table below:
Estimated Cost (Naira) Cost Item
N1 N2 S1 S2
Period of
Expenditure
Compensation of PAPs
3,807,931.60 2,811,920 941,000 941,000 Before Construction Phase
ARAP Capacity building
1,050,000 1,050,000 1,050,000 1,050,000 Before Construction Phase
Monitoring & Evaluation
1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 1,800,000 Before & during construction
Sub-Total 6,657,931.60 5,661,920 3,791,000
3,791,000
Contingency (10% of Sub-Total)
665,793.16 566,192 379,100 379,100
Total 7,323,724.76 6,228,112 4,170,100 4,170,100
Overall Total 21, 892,036.76
ES 7 Implementation and Responsibility
It is expected that the implementation of the ARAP will be completed before the
commencement of construction works. The timetable for the implementation of
the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan and responsibilities is presented in the
table below.
11 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
ROAD PROJECT CYCLE
PHASE ACTIVITIES DATE RESPONSIBILITIES
PLANNING
Scoping and
Screening
� Initial site visit & consultations.
� Identification of Resettlement and Social issues
� Application of safeguard policies
� Categorization
� Action plan
� Screening Report
� WB No-Objection
December 2010
Consultant; Supervision by KADRAMP- SPIU
Preparation of ARAP
and consultations
� Draft ARAP
� Consultations
� WB No-Objection
May 2011 Consultant; Supervision by KADRAMP -SPIU
Disclosure � Disclosure of ARAP locally & to WB Info Shop
July 2011 KADRAMP –SPIU
World Bank
DESIGN
Finalization and
Incorporation
� Final version of ARAP
� Incorporation of ARAP into contract documents
� WB No-Objection
August 2011 Consultant; Supervision by
KADRAMP –SPIU
EXECUTION Implementation and Monitoring
Construction Work
� Implementation
� Monitoring & reporting on environmental and social mitigation measures
� Monitoring and reporting of Resettlement and livelihood issues
August 2011
September 2011
September 2011
Contractors Supervision by KADRAMP -SPIU/ M&E and the community
OPERATIONS (POST-IMPLEMENTATION)
Operations and maintenance
� Maintenance
� Monitoring and reporting of Resettlement and social livelihood issues
Contractors Supervision by KADRAMP-SPIU/ and the community
12 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
1.1 Background
Nigeria with a land area of 924,000 sq. km, has an estimated population of 139.8 million, growing at a rate of 2.7 percent annually, is the most populous country in Africa and the largest in West Africa. The country is mostly dominated by rural population (around 70 percent) with agriculture as their main income. In the past years, Nigeria experienced strong economic growth, with agriculture a major contributor to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nigeria’s rural transport infrastructure has been identified as a crucial component for the economic development of the country by linking the rural communities to the urban areas. Most of the rural roads are in poor condition, and impose significant cost to the national economy especially to the agricultural activities due to increased vehicle operating costs and travel times.
The World Bank in response to the Federal Government of Nigeria’s request, through the
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD) for assistance in support of
the Government policy on Rural Travel and Transport (RTTP) provided funds through its
International Development Association (IDA). The Rural Access and Mobility Projects
(RAMP) are seen as a major way of achieving this. The RAMP is aimed at improving and
enhancing accessibility and mobility in rural areas. Accessibility and mobility are critical
issues in the lives of the rural population, considering that majority of them are
Agriculturalists. Movement of their agricultural inputs and outputs (produce) is hinged on
accessibility and mobility. Kaduna State is one of the States in the Federation to benefit
from the project. In Kaduna, the RAMP is coordinated by the State Project Coordinating
Unit (SPIU) under the Kaduna State Ministry of Works and Transport.
1.2 Project Components
RAMP has two components, Component A: Upgrading, Rehabilitation and Maintenance of
Transport Infrastructure; and Component B: Institutional Strengthening, Reforms and
Capacity Building. The activities within each one of these two components are detailed
below:
A) Component A: Upgrading, Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Transport Infrastructure
The rural transport infrastructure component of the project will support the upgrading,
rehabilitation and maintenance of about 427 km (subject to ongoing design work) of rural
roads selected from the top prioritized intervention areas and about 132 river crossings
spread across the entire state. Depending on traffic volume and other considerations,
about 142 km of roads (or one third of the total length) will be upgraded to bituminous
surface dressed standards while the rest or about 285 km will be to gravel wearing course
standards.
There will be two sub-components within Component A:
13 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
a. Improvement and maintenance of roads within six intervention areas of the state
through long term output and performance based contracting (OPRC), and
b. Construction and rehabilitation of selected river crossings across the entire state.
This component demands for an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to ensure an
environmentally sustainable project.
Component A which involves civil works is made up of Output Performance based Road
Contracts (A1) and River crossing (A2).
The Output Performance based Road Contracts (OPRC) makes up 60% and is aimed at
improving and/or upgrading the existing rural feeder roads and tracks. On the other hand,
the River Crossing makes up 40% of this component and is aimed at rehabilitating rivers
crossings, culverts, etc.
There are two categories of roads under OPRC; the existing paved roads which are
degraded and require re-sealing, and existing unpaved roads and tracks which would be
upgraded to gravel/laterite surface dressed roads.
B) Component B: Institutional Strengthening, Reforms and Capacity Building.
This component will focus on:
a. Supporting project implementation by providing the necessary goods, materials and
equipment and by ensuring the existence of the appropriate project management
capacity and skills at both the federal and the state levels;
b. Strengthening the capacity of the public sector to manage road network, a sub-
component that would cover rationalization of the current establishment and
enhancement of skills in strategic planning, program and project scheduling,
designing, implementation and maintenance in relation to rural road
infrastructure;
c. Development and implementation of institutional reforms with a view to enhancing
efficiency in resource allocation, procurement, and quality control responsibilities
at the State Government level;
d. Other cross cutting issues such as awareness creation and related work on road
safety, gender and Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune-
deficiency Syndrome (AIDS); and
e. Preparation of state funded follow-on RAMP project.
The overall project development outcome is to improve accessibility and mobility to and
among the rural communities in Kaduna State. A total number of forty (40) rural feeder
roads have been selected and subdivided into 4 lots with 2 lots each in southern and
northern parts of Kaduna.
In some places, the road rehabilitation and expansion will require acquisition of land,
destruction of farm crops within the right of way (ROW) and falling of economic trees to
achieve the required span width. More so, some of the roads directly pass through villages
14 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
where there is insufficient space for widening which may result in the demolition of
houses. This triggers the World Bank operational policy (OP) 4.12 (Involuntary
Resettlement).
However, the scoping survey reveals that less than 10 percent of total land hold will be
taken and it anticipates that PAPs will be less than 200. Therefore, a full RAP will not be
required; rather the right instrument to be used is the Abbreviated Resettlement Action
Plan (ARAP).
1.3 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) OP 4.12.
This is triggered when project activities cause physical displacement, restriction or access
to source of livelihood and land acquisition. During civil works, major and minor impacts
tend to cause displacement of population, productive assets and buildings. In the advent
of major impacts (if affected people will be physically displaced and more than 10% of
their productive assets are lost or more than 200 people are to be displaced), while a full
RAP would be prepared for minor impacts (that is, if affected people are not physically
displaced and less than 10% of their productive assets are lost or fewer than 200 people
are to be displaced), an Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARP) would be approved
This ARAP is prepared in compliance with all Federal, State and Local laws of Nigeria and
especially the World Bank Safeguard Policy OP/BP 4.12.
The core requirements of the World Bank Safeguards Policy OP / BP 4.12 – Involuntary
Resettlement - which is addressed in the ARAP are as follows:
• Avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable
alternative project designs.
• Assist project affected persons in improving their former living standards, income
earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them back to the
former status
• Encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement.
• Provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure.
In this project minor impacts are anticipated, therefore it would be appropriate to
prepare an Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARAP).
15 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
Resettlement planning is necessary whenever displacement or relocation occurs as part of
project activities in order to mitigate adverse impacts. The methodology for this study
included;
• Harmonization of project schedule and scope with the client;
• Collection of relevant documents and literature materials;
• Reconnaissance survey of the local government areas and communities where
project will take place to scope and identify the magnitude of impacts;
• Staff organization and training;
• Review of various documents including:
o RAMP ESMF Report,
o Project Appraisal Document (PAD)
o World Bank safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement, and
o Baseline socio-economic survey of the project areas
• Public Consultation and focus group discussions: This was continuous and a
major thrust throughout the project, for identifying PAPs, informing the
communities about the proposed project, eliciting their concerns and possible
mitigation measures to proposed impacts.
Figure 2. 1: Reconnaisance Survey along Angwan Kadi and Birnin Yero Communities on project route R 2-10
16 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
2.1 Objective of the ARAP
This ARAP aims to provide the detailed compensation process to mitigate any negative
impact as a result of the RAMP project activities that may result in the loss of assets or
acquisition of lands or disruption to means of livelihood. Specifically, this ARAP has the
following objectives:
• Identify all affected persons and making inventory/census of all of them
• Identify the most vulnerable ones along the corridors who could be affected
• Assist to define ways of assisting all affected persons in their efforts to improve
their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real
terms, to at least pre-displacement levels
• Identify and spell out institutional roles and responsibilities for implementing
the ARAP
• Identify measures for strengthening organizational capacity/capability
• Provide mechanism for redressing and resolving all grievances
• Develop a social monitoring plan under the projects to ensure that all social
issues are managed effectively.
2.2 Scope of Work
The scope of work underlying this ARAP is the identification of project impacts and
affected population through the following:
• Thematic maps;
• Census that enumerates project affected persons (PAPs) and registers them
according to location;
• An inventory and categorization of the PAPs and assets to be affected
• Socio-economic assessment of PAPs
• Analysis of surveys and studies to establish compensation parameters, to design
appropriate income restoration and sustainable development initiatives;
• Identify baseline monitoring indicators
• Consultation with affected populations regarding mitigation of impacts and
development opportunities.
2.2.1 Major Sub-Activities of the ARAP
In the preparation of the ARAP, stakeholders were sensitized of the project. The following
were carried out:
• Census and socioeconomic survey of the PAPs and Households;
• Consultations and discussions with the communities including PAPs;
• Categorization and valuation of assets to be affected;
• Preparation of an entitlement matrix detailing the PAPs names, affected assets
and costs;
• Preparation of a budget and time table for the ARAP implementation.
• Establishing a mechanism for Grievance resolution.
17 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
3.1 Overview of the Project Area
Kaduna State lies between latitude 90 02′N – 110 32′N and longitude 60 15’E – 80 50′E. With a
lot of rock outcrops which vary in height up to 1370m above sea level and an undulating
landscape. Kaduna State has a dense network of drainages with Rivers Kaduna and Gurara
being the two major rivers. The state shares boundaries with Zamfara ,Katsina and Kano
states to the North, to the East, it is bounded by Plateau and Bauchi States, to the South,
it is bounded by the Federal capital Territory as well as Nassarawa state, and to the West,
it is bounded by Niger state as shown in figure 3.1 below.
Figure 3. 1: Map of Nigeria Showing the Project State - Kaduna State
Under the RAMP road Project in the State, Forty (40) rural feeder roads have been
selected and subdivided into four (4) Lots namely; Lot N1, Lot N2, Lot S1 & Lot S2.
The LOT N1 & LOT N2 of the RAMP project are located in the Northern part of the State with 9 and 8 roads in each LOT respectively; while LOT S1 & LOT S2 are located in the Southern Part of the State with 11 and 13 roads in each Lot respectively as shown in the figures and tables below.
18 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Figure 3. 2: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot N1
Figure 3. 3: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot N2
19 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Table 3.1: Feeder Roads in Lot N1 and Lot N2 of Kaduna North
20 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
21 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Figure 3. 4: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot S1
Figure 3. 5: Map showing the Selected Roads in Lot S2
22 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Table 3.2: Feeder Roads in Lot S1 and Lot S2 of Kaduna South
23 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
3.2 Land Use in Project Area and Entitlement Matrix
The land use of the Project site is prominently for agricultural purposes: crop planting and
livestock rearing. Therefore farmlands and economic produce (trees, food and cash crops)
will be the assets most likely to be compensated for. This deems it fit to acknowledge that
all PAPs are considerably subsistence farmers (as a primary occupation).
The project areas in the northern lots have the soil that is good for production of yam and
maize; while in the well watered southern lots, the rich darker soils are used for
cultivating cereals, cassava, rice and the famous Southern Kaduna ginger.
Figure 3. 6: Food crops and economic trees in project areas
The settlement form is dispersed. A farming compound typically comprises two or three
closely related households, such as father with married sons or married brothers. Each
household within a compound is an independent economic unit which farms separately and
has its own cluster of houses, kitchen areas, grain-drying platform, granaries and livestock
enclosures. Most structures are of mud-brick with thatched roof or galvanized corrugate
metal sheets. There are school structures, primary health care centres built in some of
the project areas but are inaccessible because of the poor condition of the roads.
Figure 3. 7: ETF School project inaccessible due to poor road
Rural electrification poles were cited in some areas and some millennium development project for boreholes in some farmlands.
24 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Figure 3. 8: Form of settlement in the project areas
There are no houses or major structures to be affected by the road project. The identified PAPs are therefore entitled to compensation for loss of land, economic trees and agricultural economic trees by farmers and loss of income by traders. Their compensation will be at full replacement/ market cost value of assets for the farmers and income compensation for the duration of the ‘disturbance’. These are in line with information reported in the ARAP report except the exclusion of the Market men and women at Angwan Kadi who are bound to be affected by the project, as they will be required to evacuate that part of the road during construction and will therefore loose income for that period of time.
3.3 Socio-Economic Survey of the Project Areas
A socio-economic survey was conducted within the four Lots of the RAMP Project sites.
Data was collected on the existing socioeconomic attributes of the respondents in the
project locations.
The Socio-economic survey for the project areas was conducted between 8th December
2010 and 10th March 2011. This was further re-evaluated between the periods 4th October -
7th October 2011. The socio-economic survey was premised on PAPs, with a view to
determining their existing socio-economic conditions, and how the project impact may
affect them. Specifically, the following thematic socio-economic indicators were
examined:
• Gender
• Age Distribution
• Marital Status
• Level of Education
• Nature of trade/Occupation of PAPs
• Income category
• Health Status
25 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
3.3.1 Lot N1 Project Route
Table 3.3a: Gender Distribution of PAPs in Lot N1
LOCATION OF PAPS No of PAPs (63) MALE (%) FEMALE (%) TOTAL (%)
Ungwan Liman 20 100 0 100
Madaka 2 100 0 100
Ungwan Kanawa 4 100 0 100
Gangara 20 100 0 100
Doka 10 100 0 100
Ungwan Danbada 7 100 0 100
The table above illustrates that all PAPs are males; this may be connected with the fact
that the ownership of farms and crops culturally belong to the Household heads who from
the survey were all identified as males. The females and children identified during the
survey are dependants of the male Household heads and are thus indirectly affected by
the Project. There are 63 PAPs in this Project Location.
From the survey and as presented in table 3.6e above, Farming is the major form of
occupation in all the communities in Lot S2.
Table 3.6f: Income Earning Category of PAPs per month in Lot S2
Kudiri
Kagarko
Kushe 1 Kushe II Gora Kachia Mean % Income
Category
(In Naira) % % % % %
0-4999 0.46 0.38 0.50 0.48 0.46
5,000 – 9,999 0.50 0.59 0.50 0.52 0.53
10,000 – 20,000 0.04 0.03 0 0 0.01
Above 20,000 0 0 0 0 0
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Table 3.6f above depicts the income capacity of PAPs in the project areas. On the average
46% of PAPs fall within an income less than N5000 per month while 53% earn between
N5000 to N10, 000 per month. The result across board shows that no PAP earns as much as
N20, 000 per month, while only 0.1% of PAPs earn income above N10, 000 monthly.
The trend in income distribution in the project area projects that PAPs are low income
earners. This is evident by the nature of their subsistence farming occupation.
Table 3.6g: Common Health Conditions amongst PAPs Household Members in Lot S2
Sicknesses and Health Conditions Experienced by a Member of
Household in the last 2 Years
Location
Malaria Typhoid Leprosy Meningitis TB Cholera
Kudiri Kagarko 0.45 0.3 0 0.1 0 0.12
Kushe 1 0.45 0.45 0 0.02 0 0
Kushe II 0.20 0.1 0 0.04 0 0.02
Gora Kachia 0.45 0 0 0 0 0.045
35 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Table 3.6g above depicts that the most prevailing and re-occurring sicknesses amongst
most PAPs households is malaria while typhoid seem to be prevalent in Kushe I.
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The following policy and regulatory frameworks guided the preparation of this ARAP:
4.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies
The World Bank Group is made up of two unique development institutions owned by 187
member countries: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and
the International Development Association (IDA).
Each institution plays a different but collaborative role in advancing the vision of inclusive
and sustainable globalization. The IBRD aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and
creditworthy poorer countries, while IDA focuses on the world's poorest countries.
Their work is complemented by that of the International Finance Corporation (IFC),
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the International Centre for the
Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).
The relevant policy on ARAP is set out in the World Bank’s OP 4.12 (Involuntary
Resettlement). OP 4.12 applies whenever property must be acquired, or its use modified,
for a project, and that acquisition or modification results in the loss of income, residence
or access to resources, whether permanent or temporary and whether the occupation is
legal or illegal.
With respect to this ARAP, the OP 4.12 is applied.
4.2 Nigeria Regulatory Framework
4.2.1 Land Use Act of 1978 amended 1992
The land-use Act of 1978 states that it is “in the public interest that the rights of all
Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria in sufficient quality to enable them to provide
for the sustenance of themselves and their families” through assured, protected and
preserved environmental amenities. In the event of use of land for public interest, the Act
specifies as follows:
36 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
o That the government should resettle and/or compensate occupants of land with
Certificate of Occupancy (C of O); or
o Issue notice to occupiers of land prior to displacement of land for public project.
4.2.2 Forestry Law Cap 55, 1994
The Forestry Act 1958 which was amended as the Forestry Law CAP 55 (1994) prohibits any
act that may lead to the destruction of or cause injury to any forest produce, forest
growth or forestry property in Nigeria. The law prescribes the administrative framework
for the management, utilization and protection of forestry resources in Nigeria.
4.3 Comparison between Land Use Act and World Bank OP 4.12
Table 4.1: Comparison of Nigerian Land Use Act (1978) and World Bank’s OP 4.12
CATEGORY NIGERIAN LAND USE ACT WORLD BANK
Land Owners Cash compensation based upon
market value
Recommends land-for-land
compensation, or cash
compensation at replacement cost.
Land Tenants Entitled to compensation based
on the amount of rights they hold
upon land.
Entitled to some form of
compensation subject to the legal
recognition of their occupancy.
Land Users Not entitled to compensation for
land; entitled for compensation
for crops
Entitled for compensation for crops
and September be entitled for land
replacement and income loss
compensation for minimal of the
pre-project level.
Owners of Non
permanent Buildings
Cash compensation based on
prevailing market value
Entitled to in-kind compensation or
cash compensation at full
replacement cost including labour
and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement.
Owners of permanent
Buildings
Cash compensation based on
prevailing market value
Entitled to in-kind compensation or
cash compensation at full
replacement cost including labour
and relocation expenses, prior to
displacement.
This ARAP for the road project will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP
4.12) which indicates best practices to rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by
the implementation of the project. Hence, where there are gaps between the Land Use
Act (1978) and the World Bank Policy (OP 4.12), in regard to compensation of PAPs, the
World Bank’s Policy will apply since it is to fund the project.
37 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 COMPENSATION FRAMEWORK
5.1 Introduction
Valuation of assets to be affected by the implementation of the project was conducted
using a general principle adopted in the formulation of the compensation valuation which
follows the World Bank’s Policy that lost income and asset will be valued at their full
replacement cost such that the PAPs should experience no net loss.
The asset valuation was conducted by a qualified economist based on the current market
prices in the concerned state of project influence.
5.2 Entitlement Policy
Since the project entails the rehabilitation of existing feeder road network, we do not
anticipate new land take except for pockets of alignment anticipated to evolve.
Therefore, land take will be small and will not lead to full resettlement of persons. The
ARAP policy will therefore, focus on compensation of PAPs.
The study also established that there will be no physical displacement of households. This
means that incidences of relocation will not occur; hence giving of assistance to persons
for movement is not anticipated.
38 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
5.3 Eligibility Criteria for Affected Persons
Any person who will suffer loss or damage to an asset, farmland, crop, trade or loss of
access to productive resources, as a result of the project will be considered eligible for
compensation and/ or resettlement assistance.
The cut-off date for being eligible for compensation and/ or assistance was the 10th March
2011, which is the last day during which the inventory of PAPs was completed.
PAPs include:
• Those who have formal legal rights of land (including customary and traditional
rights recognized under the laws of the country.
• Those who do not have formal rights to land at the time the census begins but have
a claim to such land or assets and become recognized during the survey; and
• Those who have no recognizable legal rights or claim to the land they are
occupying.
However only PAPs enumerated during the baseline survey shall be eligible for any form of
compensation. Any other person that lay claim to, or occupy a property or plant any kind
of tree on the ROW of the road after the cut of date is not eligible for compensation.
5.4 Proof of Eligibility
The SPIU will consider various forms of evidences as proof of eligibility as stated in the
RPF, to cover the following:
• Identification by household head or head of clan justifying that the claimer is the
true PAP whose name and identity was documented
• In the case of land, there must be an evidence of ownership of land or a letter with
postal stamp and signed by a recognized community leader stating that the person
is/was an occupant of the property (with description) which was enumerated.
However only PAPs enumerated during the baseline survey shall be eligible for the
compensation.
5.5 Notification
All properties affected by the proposed civil works have been valued and assessed
according to laid down procedure.
Owners of affected properties have been notified in several ways. These included one on
one notification during the socio-economic survey, and also during public consultation. A
compensation valuation of all affected properties was carried out to assess
commensurable values.
39 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
5.6 Method of Valuation for compensation
The method has been briefly described below:
• Replacement Cost Method
Current Market value of asset within the project area was used to determine the
compensation rate for Economic Trees and land. This was determined via market survey of
land per square meter and the market prices of the affected Trees in the project areas.
In the case of economic tree the DaLA methodology was applied. DaLA method is an
initiative of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). DaLA method
is used in this study to determine compensation for economic trees because of its
robustness and advantage over the traditional method of assessing the cost of an economic
tree. DaLA method states that market value of yield per tree for the current season
(agricultural season) and cost of re-planting and nursery should be used to determine the
compensation rate for the economic tree while the Traditional Method equates the capital
of the existing structure/ tree to the cost of reinstating the structure/ tree on the same
plot at the current labour, material and other incident costs.
• Land Resettlement
The World Bank OP 4.12 requires that displaced owners of land be provided with an area
of land equivalent to their displaced land. It states that land restoration should be in a
location that has similar value as the one displaced to the project. However, land
resettlement will not occur since land take is small and will not warrant a physical
displacement of persons.
Also importantly, the issue of land take by the project has been addressed and agreed
upon by the stakeholders during the public consultation that compensation be given to
PAPs for their land resources.
5.7 Payment of Compensation
Payment of compensation will be made by the Resettlement and Compensation
Committee. This committee will include members of the SPIU and selected community
leaders from the affected locations. Compensation benefits shall be settled before the
construction phase of the project.
5.8 Entitlement Matrix
The entitlement matrix shows the categories of applicable losses and impacts as well as
the eligibility conditions and nature of entitlement. This is presented in Table 5.1 below.
Table 5.1: Entitlement Matrix
Category Type of Loss Applicable Eligibility Criteria Entitlements
40 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Loss of farm land
Yes Evidence of ownership
Must be supported by evidence of
census undertaken during the
survey
Compensation at full
replacement cost value
Farmers Loss of agricultural
crops
Yes Lease contract, rental receipts,
MOU
Must be supported by evidence of
census undertaken during the
survey
Compensation at current
market price of produce
Loss of economic
tree
Yes Evidence of census before cut off
data
Must be supported by evidence of
census undertaken during the
survey
Compensation at full
replacement cost value +
Economic tree
owners
Loss of income Yes Apply to fruit bearing trees Compensation of value of
sales of fruit (where
applicable) at one period
Loss the entire
structure
No Not applicable No compensation required Housing
Loss of part of the
structure
No Not applicable No compensation required
Aesthetic and
cultural
property
Burial ground,
shrine, monument
No Not applicable No compensation required
Based on the Entitlement Matrix and Valuation procedures, the full compensation
valuation was done and the breakdown of the costing by categories is given in Table 5.2
below:
Table 5.2: Valuation of Compensation Cost for Project Affected Persons
LOT N1
LOCATION NO OF PAPS COMPENSATION
FOR FARM LANDS
COMPENSATION FOR
ECONOMIC TREE
TOTAL
Madaka 2 226,320 78,000 304,320
Ungwan
Kanawa 4 179,400 117,000 296,400
Gangara 20 1,174,891.60 624,000 1,798,891.6
Ungwan Limani 20 276,000 413,000 689,000
Doka 10 267,720 52,000 319,720
Ungwan
Danbaba 7 165,600 234,000 399,600
Total 63 2,289,931.60 1,518,000 3,807,931.60
LOT N2
LOCATION NO OF
PAPS
COMPENSATION
FOR FARM LANDS
COMPENSATION
FOR ECONOMIC
TREE
COMPENSATION
FOR LOSS OF
INCOME
TOTAL
Angwan Kadi 19 0 0 218,400 218,400
Labar 9 405,720 208,000 0 613,720
41 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
Dadin Kowa 4 57,960 52,000 0 109,960
Masache 3 63,480 78,000 0 141,480
Kwarakwara 16 231,840 156,000 0 387,840
Tami 17 184,960 130,000 0 314,960
Ungwan Madauchi 2 93,840 91,000 0 184,840
Birnin Yero 30 554,720 286,000 0 840,720
Total 100 1,592,520 1,001,000 218,400 2,811,920
LOT S1
LOCATION NO OF PAPS COMPENSATION
FOR FARM LANDS
COMPENSATION FOR
ECONOMIC TREE
TOTAL
Takanai 4 226,320 104,000 330,320
Sako 7 532,680 78,000 610,680
Total 11 759,000 182,000 941,000
LOT S2
LOCATION NO OF PAPS COMPENSATION
FOR FARM LANDS
COMPENSATION FOR
ECONOMIC TREE
TOTAL
Kudiri Kagarko 1 480,240 624,000 1,104,240
Kushe 1 13 215,280.00 195,000 410,280
Kushe II 6 215,280.00 156,000 371,280
Gora Kachia 1 82,800.00 78,000 160,800
Total 21 993,600 975,000 2,046,600
Attached at Annex 1 is a detailed list of cost compensation for individual PAPs.
CHAPTER SIX
42 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
6.0 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.1 Overview of Institutional Responsibilities
A key element of any resettlement plan implementation and management is the
appropriate institutional framework that will ensure the timely establishment and
functioning of the team or agency mandated to implement the plan.
The major institutions that are involved in the Resettlement process are the Kaduna Rural
Access and Mobility project (KADRAMP), the World Bank, Local NGOs/CBOs and the ARAP
Implementation Team (AIT) which comprises:
• The RAMP Project Coordinator , SPIU
• The Development Communication Officer, SPIU
• SPIU M&E officer
• SPIU Environmental and Social Officer
• SPIU Legal Adviser (Ministry of Justice)
• Representative of the Project Financial Management Unit
• Representative of Kaduna State Ministry of Lands, Survey and Country Planning.
Four local NGOs (one for each of Lot) with experience in social and sustainable
development programs are proposed to be recruited by AIT to assist in implementing this
ARAP and to help in assuring the social acceptability and sustainability of the programs.
The RAMP EMP Lead will facilitate the training of the NGOs on resettlement policy and
practices. They will be locally based and have sufficient manpower and leadership.
These NGOs will:
• Counsel the Project Affected Persons;
• Encourage productive utilization of compensation packages;
• Assist the PAPs to organize CBOs and cooperatives who can represent the PAPs during any negotiations and grievance hearings
6.2 Institutional Arrangement
The roles and responsibilities of the institutions regarding Resettlement Implementation
and Grievance redress are as per Table 6.1.
Table 6.1: Institutional Arrangement and Responsibilities for ARAP
S/No Stakeholders/
Institutions
Responsibilities
1 KADRAMP • Establishment of Local Resettlement Committee (LRC).
• Ensuring that the project conforms to World Bank safeguard policies, including implementation of the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP), as required.
• Engaging the services of contractors and consultants to carryout preparation and implementation of ARAP and subsequent engaging the service of external monitors for the ARAP implementation.
• Approval of payments to consultants for ARAP activities carried out under the project.
• Internal monitoring and evaluation of ARAP activities.
43 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
• Preparation of quarterly and annual progress reports on ARAP implementation.
• Submission of Reports to KADRAMP, and World Bank for review.
2 World Bank • Overall responsibility of ensuring that the OP 4.12 is complied with in the ARAP.
• Responsible for the final review, clearance and approval of the ARAP.
3 Monitoring and Evaluation Officer from the KADRAMP
• Ensure that there are sufficient resources (time, money and people) to supervise the implementation of compensation
• Ensure that any changes during implementation process that have significant
environmental or social impact are communicated to the KADRAMP in time and advice
on actions to be taken and costs involved.
• Ensure that the SPIU is sufficiently informed on monitoring results.
4 Local Resettlement Committees (LRCs)
• Being responsible for guiding compensation and resettlement activities in Local areas.
• Form a survey team to carry out Detailed Measurement Survey (DMS) for affected PAPs and assets; finalize DMS and Entitlement forms for each PAP.
• Checking the unit prices of compensation as used in RP, suggestions for adjusting the unit prices in conformation with market prices/replacement costs (if required) to Project Implementation Unit for approval.
• In co-ordination with KADRAMP, organize meetings with PAPs, communal authorities disseminate copies of Resettlement Information Booklet (RIB) and entitlement forms.
• Based on the policy and proposed process/mechanism in ARAP, the LRCs prepare the detailed implementation plan (quarterly) and the together with KADRAMP pay entitlements to PAPs and implement for other activities in a timely manner.
• Settling the complaints and grievances raised by complainants and suggest solutions for the outstanding issues to responsible institutions for improving of the ARAP implementation.
• Organize seminars to disseminate the ARAP report to relevant stakeholders, communities, etc.
• Assisting local people in overcoming the difficulties during the implementation period.
5 Project Affected Persons (PAPs)
• Giving their own opinions and, or support on alternative project designs during Focused Group Discussion,
• Support Community- based developmental project.
6.3 Grievances and Appeals Procedure
The objectives of the grievance and disputes settlement mechanism are to:
• prevent the resort to adhoc self-help steps and violence on the part of the
affected local population as a means of resolving grievances/disputes arising
from implementation of the ARAP and the project in general;
• provide an accessible platform and simple procedures for the effective and
peaceful settlements of grievances and disputes in the implementation of the
ARAP;
• avoid as much as possible the need to have recourse to litigation and or
external intervention in the settlement of grievance/disputes; and
• to accomplish a speedy, inexpensive and mutually satisfactory resolution of
disputes.
6.4 Likely Grievances and Disputes
Drawing from documented types of dispute in the environment, interaction in relation to
characteristics of the study area, grievances and dispute may emanate from any of the
following circumstances:
44 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
• Disagreements/complaints over identification of lands, structures and other
resources eligible for compensation;
• Disagreements/complaints over/on plan to pay cash compensation based on the
Kaduna State Government rates;
• Disagreements/complaints regarding the compensation entitlements of non-
indigenous population of the project area;
• Disagreements/complaints over under-payments by officials administering
compensation money payment or cost of relocation.
• Disagreements/complaints over misapplication/administration of compensation
money; and
• Disagreements/complaints relating to project’s employment, training and
recruitment policies and procedures.
6.5 Grievance Redress Mechanisms
A Grievance Redress Committee will be set up by KADRAMP to address complaints from
ARAP implementation. This committee will be directly under the KADRAMP-SPIU and its
members will include legal and accounts representatives of KADRAMP, and the legal expert
from the ministry shall be the secretary. The functions of the Grievance Redress
Committee are:
• Provide support to PAPs on problems arising from loss of private properties and
business area.
• Record the grievance of the PAPs, categorize and prioritize the grievances that
need to be resolved by the committee; and
• Report to the aggrieved parties about the developments regarding their
grievances and the decision of the project authorities.
The main objective of this procedure will be to provide a mechanism to mediate conflict
and cut down on lengthy litigation, which often delays such infrastructural projects. It will
also provide people who might have objections or concerns about their assistance, a public
forum to raise their objections and through conflict resolution, address these issues
adequately.
Mechanisms for disputes resolution can be broadly categorized as formal and informal. The
formal method is adjucatory, while the informal method involves the settlement of
disputes by simple and amicable/interactive means. The ARAP proposes to adopt the
informal mechanism for the resolution of all grievances and disputes.
6.5.1 Informal Grievance and Dispute Resolution Method
The ARAP informal grievance and dispute resolution method will revolve around the
mediation and conciliation procedures. These processes and procedures are suitable to the
project area rural population. Given their literacy level, the simplicity and transparency of
these procedures will serve them well.
6.5.2 The Complaint Procedure
The complaint procedure shall be simple, open and transparent. There shall be simple
complaint/grievance forms for use in recording and documenting complaints from
complainants. In all cases, the grievance form shall contain the details about the
complainant, the nature of complain, department/authority of the person against whom
45 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
the complaint/grievance is made, the remedy/correction sought, the time-frame and the
officer/unit responsible for the resolution of the dispute.
Complaints, which may be oral or written can be made or forwarded to the Projects
Grievance Resolution Officer through the Community Liaison Officer (CLO). Where an
illiterate complainant makes an oral complaint, the CLO shall record same in writing into
the complaint form and explain same to the understanding of the complainant before
forwarding the form to the Project’s Grievance Resolution Officer or other appropriate
officer(s)/departments/committee responsible for the resolution of the
complaint/dispute.
The Project Grievance Resolution Officer shall upon receipt of any complaint invite the
complainant, listen and interact amicably with the complainant and arrive at an honest
and reasonable resolution of the grievance/disputes if the dispute falls within the scope of
his authority.
Where the Grievance Resolution Officer is unable to resolve the dispute or where the
complaint is beyond his scope of authority, he shall immediately refer the complaint to
the Project Development Communication Officer who shall hear and address the
complaint or resolve the dispute.
6.5.3 Formal Methods of Grievance Resolution
It is hoped that most disputes will be amicably resolved through the informal process for
dispute resolution. In the event that the informal process is unable to resolve a particular
dispute for whatever reason, the complainant can make use of the formal methods of
dispute resolution as provided below:
(1) First Order Mechanism
This level deals essentially with written complaints/petitions addressed to the Project’s
Development Communication Officer, either by the Project Grievance Resolution Officer
or by a complainant who is not satisfied with the decision of the Project Grievance
Resolution Officer.
Where such formal complaints are received, the Project’s Development Communication
Officer shall, after evaluating the facts and supporting evidence on the complaint respond
promptly and appropriately in not more than one week from the date when the
complaint/dispute was first received.
In the event that the Projects Development Communication Officer considers a dispute to
be complex or potentially sensitive, he shall not hesitate to seek the immediate assistance
and intervention of traditional leadership, respected/responsible community members, or
the local government council to resolve the complaint/dispute.
Where the complaint borders on monetary or other claims that require the approval or
ratification of the Project Management, the Development Communication Officer shall
promptly seek for approval.
(2) Second Order Mechanism
Complaints/disputes that cannot be successfully settled by the Development
Communication Officer, at the first order process, may be referred to the Second Order
mechanism for resolution. The Second Order mechanism requires the establishment of a
RAMP project Grievance/Disputes Resolution Committee, saddled with the responsibility of
46 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
mediating and resolving all complaints/disputes formally referred to it. The Committee
shall comprise the following persons:
a) 2 representative of Kaduna State Government (SPIU top management staff)
b) 1 representative from each of the host communities
c) 2 representatives from the Farmers union (if available)
d) 3 representatives of women
e) 1 representative of the non-indigenous population
f) 1 representative from the Local Government Councils
g) 1 representative from NGO community
h) 1 representative each of the contractors and
i) 1 representative of the consultant
j) 1 representative of Kaduna State Ministry of Lands, Survey and Country Planning.
The committee will provide ample opportunity to redress complaints informally, in
addition to the existing formal administrative and legal procedures. However, the major
grievances that might require mitigation include:
• PAPs not listed;
• Losses not identified correctly;
• Inadequate assistance;
• Dispute about ownership;
• Delay in disbursement of assistance and improper distribution of assistance.
Recommendations made by this Committee for the resolution of complaints/disputes shall
be accepted and promptly implemented by the project proponent.
(3) Third Order Mechanism
This involves the reference of a complaint/dispute to the courts for judicial resolution. An
aggrieved person who is not satisfied with decision of the Project’s Disputes Resolution
Committee may proceed to a court of competent jurisdiction for resolution. Where
litigation is pending, the Project shall suspend the processing of claims or consideration of
any issue relating to claims before the court until the matter is finally disposed off.
The ARAP shall at all times prefer the resolution of disputes using all other methods and
recourse to the court shall be only after the exhaustion of all the informal mechanisms.
47 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) are standard requirements of any management plan
including Resettlement Action Plans. Monitoring is an on-going activity to track project
progress against planned tasks. It is essentially used to provide regular oversight of the
implementation of an activity in terms of input delivery, work schedules, targeted
outputs, etc. through routine data gathering, analysis and reporting.
The WB’s safeguard policy (OP 4.12) states that the project sponsor is responsible for
adequate Monitoring &Evaluation (M&E) of the activities set forth in the resettlement
plan. Monitoring will provide both a warning system for the project sponsor and a channel
for the affected persons to make known their needs and their reactions to resettlement
execution.
The implementation of the ARAP will be regularly supervised and monitored by the
Monitoring and Evaluation officer in coordination with the Environmental and Social
Development Officer.
The M&E activities and programs should be adequately funded and staffed. In-house
monitoring may need to be supplemented by independent external monitors to ensure
complete and objective information.
The objectives of the ARAP monitoring activities are to:
• Ensure that actions and commitments described in the ARAP are completed in a
timely and efficient manner;
• Confirm that eligible PAPs receive their compensation entitlements in full and
within agreed timeframes;
• Monitor effectiveness of completed actions in enhancing or restoring affected
peoples’ living standards and income levels;
• Check that any grievances expressed by PAP are followed through and that,
where necessary, appropriate corrective action is implemented;
A Three tier monitoring framework is recommended for the KADRAMP ARAP Project, these
are:
• Field Level Monitoring by field social and livelihoods facilitators
• Internal Monitoring undertaken by KADRAMP SPIU
48 | Final Report of Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan of Lots N1, N2, S1 & S2 OPRC Roads
• External monitoring by a third party independent resettlement specialist
and/or a local NGO supported by KADRAMP SPIU.
The three components of the monitoring plan are: Performance Monitoring, Impact
Monitoring and Completion Audit. Each type of monitoring will require the use of suitable
indicators.
a) Performance monitoring Indicators will include:
• Timely disbursement of compensation;
• Appropriate disbursement of compensation to eligible persons and communities
• Accurate quantum of disbursement to eligible persons and communities
b) Impact monitoring indicators will include:
• Short, medium and long term benefits of the resettlement activities.
• Short, medium and long term changes in livelihood and income of persons and
communities receiving compensation packages
• Sustainability of compensation and enhancement packages.
c) The completion audit ideally should be conducted by a suitably qualified external
consultant, the purpose of which is essentially to determine if the proponents efforts to
restore the living standards of affected people has been well conceived and executed.
7.1 Implementation Schedule
The timetable for the implementation of the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan is
presented in Table 7.1. It is expected that the implementation of the ARAP programme
will be completed by October 2011 to permit for commencement of construction work in
November 2011.
Table 7.1 : Timetable for Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
ROAD PROJECT CYCLE
PHASE ACTIVITIES DATE RESPONSIBILITIES
PLANNING
Scoping and
Screening
� Initial site visit & consultations.
� Identification of Resettlement and Social issues
� Application of safeguard policies
� Categorization
� Action plan
� Screening Report
� WB No-Objection
December 2010
Consultant; Supervision by KADRAMP- SPIU
Preparation of ARAP
and consultations
� Draft ARAP
� Consultations
� WB No-Objection
May 2011 Consultant; Supervision by KADRAMP -SPIU
Disclosure � Disclosure of ARAP locally & to WB Info Shop
October 2011 KADRAMP –SPIU
World Bank
DESIGN
Finalization and
Incorporation
� Final version of ARAP
� Incorporation of ARAP into contract documents
� WB No-Objection
October/ November 2011
Consultant; Supervision by
KADRAMP –SPIU
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EXECUTION Implementation and monitoring
Construction Work
� Implementation
� Monitoring & reporting on environmental and social mitigation measures
� Monitoring and reporting of Resettlement and livelihood issues
November 2011
November ‘11
November ‘11
Contractors Supervision by KADRAMP -SPIU/ M&E and the community
OPERATIONS (POST-IMPLEMENTATION)
Operations and maintenance
� Maintenance
� Monitoring and reporting of Resettlement and social livelihood issues
Contractors Supervision by KADRAMP-SPIU/ and the community
7.2 Capacity and Training Needs
Based on the assessment of the institutional capacities of the KADRAMP for the
implementation of the ARAP, it is recommended that KADRAMP Contract technical
assistance to provide training and operational support to the project implementation unit
(SPIU) and other agencies involved in the ARAP implementation. The training needs are
• Value of Land is given by dimension x N40 per m2
• Current Market value of land per m2 in the project area is N40.
• Dimension refers to the coverage of Land taken per PAP
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Annex 2: Photo Gallery
Consultation with Youth Forum at Makarauta Questionnaire Administration at Makaurata Interview with Village Head( Alhaji Maigwalasa at Tudun Kudi
Maize Harvesting in a Farm at Tudun Kudi Participants at Consultation in Dundubus Consultation with Hunters at Gangara Maingwalasa
Children with food awaiting farmers/ workers return Consultation with an Authority at Kushe II Mrs. Ogungbuyi with Women folk at Kushe II
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Samaila Mahmud - Community Leader,Birnin Yero Abdullahi Aliyu-Head of Community Tami Abdukarim Idris (R)-head of Community at Kwarakwara
State of the road at kwarakwara Activities of Children along the Project Routes
Ugwa Gwari Primary School along Lot N2 Activities of Women along the Project Routes
Annex 3: Survey Instrument/Sample Questionnaire
KDSG-RAMP-SPIU
MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT, KADUNA PROPOSED OPRC ROADS CORRIDOR PROJECT –
Questionnaire for the Preparation of Environmental Management Plan and Resettlement Action Plan
Preamble: The Kaduna State Government aims to improve and enhance accessibility and mobility in rural areas through the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP). No doubt, accessibility and mobility are critical issues in the lives of the rural population, consideringnthat majority of them are agriculturalists. Movement of their agricultural inputs and outputs (produce) is hinged on accessibility and mobility. This questionnaire which is expected to take about 20 minutes to complete is aimed at eliciting your view/opinion on the social and environmental implications of the proposed road access and improvement of activities in your area. Your input would assist in the preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and an Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP) that would enable the State Government to manage the various project activities under OPRC along this corridor…………………………………………….. in a manner that guarantees socio-environmental sustainability of the project. As we thank you, rest assured that your responses shall be kept confidential. My name is ………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… DATE:…………………………………………………………… Questionnaire No:………………………………………………………. LGA:……………………………………………………………………… Please simply tick (x) or write in brief detail where appropriate SECTION A: BIO-DATA
6. What is your religion: Christian Muslim Pagan Others
7. Marital Status: Single Married Separated/Divorcee
8. No. of children:Non 1-2 3-4 5-6 Above 6
9. Level of education: ( ) No formal educ. ( ) Primary ( ) Secondary ( ) Tertiary ( )
Others (specify) …………………………………………………………….
10. What do you do for a living (your primary occupation/nature of business)? ( ) Self-employed ( ) Civil Servant ( ) NGOs/CBOs ( ) Student ( ) Others (specify)………………………………………………
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KDSG-RAMP-SPIU
MINISTRY OF WORKS AND TRANSPORT, KADUNA PROPOSED OPRC ROADS CORRIDOR PROJECT –
Questionnaire for the Preparation of Environmental Management Plan and Resettlement Action Plan
1 Scale/Value of business 1. Small scale (value holdings/products/equipment less than �50,000.00
2. Medium scale (value of holdings/pr/products/equipment �50,000.00 - �100,000.00)
3. Large scale (value of holdings/pr/products/equipment over �100,000.00)
1. Steel 2. Mud 3. Plywood 4. Wood 5. Corrugated Iron sheet 6. Thatched 7. Other (specify)
4 Is business activity/venue/equipment movable or immovable?
1. Movable 2. Immovable
5 How long have you been in this business and location?
6 Are you assisted by any other person(s) in day-to-day running of this business?
1. Yes 2. No
7 If yes, how many people? (Enumerator: please confirm)
8 Are they salaried? 1. Yes 2. No
9 Employees’ Profile
Employee Length of service
Salary (hr/day/wk/mo)
Comment
10 Average monthly/annual turnover on business. What is the average monthly/annual turnover from your business?
11 What is the average monthly/annual income/profit from your business?
12 How many days a week do you work here?
13 How many hours in a day on the average do you work here?
14 Land tenure and business premises ownership Who owns this land, residence, shop/premise/structure?
1. Self 2. Family 3. Individual landlord 4. Local Government 5. State Government 6. Other (specify)
Section 3: Relocation and Resettlement Issues
15 Would you like to relocate your business to another place
1. Yes 2. No
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16 If yes, where would you like to relocate to?
17 If you had to be relocated, where would you prefer to relocate? (Please list your relocation preferences in order of priority, ranking the most preferred relocation as 1st , the next one 2nd, etc.)
1. 2. 3.
18 If you were to relocate, what would be your fears/concerns.
1. 2. 3.
19 If you were to relocate, how can you be assisted to minimize the effects of relocation on you?
Section 4: Social Networking – Group/ Association Membership
20 Do you belong to any group association/association
1. Yes 2. No
21 If yes, name the group/association
1. 2. 3.
22 What do you benefit from the group/association?
1. 2. 3.
23 If respondent does not belong to any group/association, Enumerator ask - Why don’t you belong to any group or association?
1. 2. 3.
24 If you need financial assistance urgently, where would go to get it?
1. 2.
25 What additional comment would you like to make aside what we have discussed so far?