Final Report (EDITED)

Henri Nevasalmi, Eetu Hämäläinen, Toni Laitila, Bikash Ranjitkar, Niroj Chaulagain

Solar Electric Heating for Small Houses

Metropolia University of Applied Sciences

Electronics Engineering

Innovation Project

Final Report

28-05-2015 and version 2.0

Index

Introduction There are large numbers of older single houses in Finland that are heated by oil. Part of the required heating energy for these houses could be produced using solar panels. Project is to design a photovoltaic panel based assistant heating system suitable for single-family houses using boilers for heating. The project group will define the structure of the system, select suitable components and calculate the total cost estimate for a typical setup. The project will produce an information package for oil heaters regarding the system configuration, necessary hardware with prices and profitability calculations with complete system payback time.........................................1

Project targets................................................................................................................1

Project plan vs. actual....................................................................................................2

Lessons Learned...........................................................................................................4

Project work assessment...............................................................................................8

Risk management........................................................................................................17

Conclusion...................................................................................................................19

Document version history

IntroductionThere are large numbers of older single houses in Finland that are heated

by oil. Part of the required heating energy for these houses could be produced using solar panels. Project is to design a photovoltaic panel based assistant heating system suitable for single-family houses using boilers for heating. The project group will define the structure of the system, select suitable components and calculate the total cost estimate for a typical setup. The project will produce an information package for oil heaters regarding the system configuration, necessary hardware with prices and profitability calculations with complete system payback time.

Project targets

Target of this project was to produce information baggage for house owners

who are using oil to heat their water and define the structure of the system

This project was to show if solar heating panels would be profitable to invest in

old oil heated houses. Solar thermal collectors are not in the scope of the

project, but some results could be compared to them.

Results of this project would show calculations on different circumstances of

payback time of solar panel, profits that could be made after payback time

has passed, saved release of environmental polluting gases.

We successfully managed to achieve the main goal of the project. We were able to

provide information package for the house owners using oil-heating system. Our

research showed that it is profitable to invest on solar electric heating system.

Payback time would be around 3 years and above. Our calculations also showed

on how much amount of Carbon dioxide would be reduced each year by a single

family using oil-heating system.

Our project is useful for those people who would like to invest now for better future

saving their expenses and saving Earth.

Project plan vs. actual

Project plan was important for the project and it was prepared before the actual

commencement of the project. Most of the part form project plan was same as it was,

except the schedule. There were some amendments in the timetable. There were some

courses mixing up with the scheduled time. Hence we had to change date and time for

meetings and group work so that the time was favourable for every members in the

group.

The schedule is in the table below:

Date Time Work30th January 2015 9:30 am. Beginning of the Project and Group Division2nd February 2015 9:00 am. Meeting for the discussion of the project topic6th February 2015 9:00 am. Meeting for project plan13th February 2015

9:00 am. Meeting for project plan

27th February 2015

10:00 am.

Implementing Project Plan

5th March 2015 12:00 pm.

Research/Calculation

13th March 2015 12:00 pm.

Research/Calculation

20th March 2015 12:00 pm.

Research/Calculation

27th March 2015 12:00 pm.

Project Research/Calculation/Report writing Initialization

3rd April 2015 12:00 pm.

Project Research/Calculation/Info Packet

17th April 2015 12:00 pm.

Project Research/Info packet/Poster

24th April 2015 12:00 pm.

Report Writing / Presentation /Poster

29th April 2015 12:00 pm.

Solar panel site visit with project supervisor

7th May 2015 12:00 pm.

Report writing progress meeting/Elevator pitch/Presentation

8th May 2015 08:00 am.

Final project presentation

19th May 2015 3:00 pm Final report writing21st May 2015 2:00 pm Final report writing29th May 2015 Full Project Completion

We followed the following steps to achieve our goal.

Step 1: Identify the purpose of the project plan

Step 2: Write the introduction and background

Step 3: Determine the goals and objectives (short-term, mid-term and long-term)

Step 4: List the resources

Step 5: Identify any constraints

Step 6: Who is accountable?

Step 7: Write the strategy

Main resources for our project were internet, books and teacher. We went through deep

research on solar panels, its efficiencies, costs, power per watt etc. to find out the best

product available in the market. Besides this, we also went through the components we

would need to assemble for complete heating systems.

We went through some of the Finnish Laws regarding electricity usage and installation

of electrical equipment.

Moreover, we researched about the number of houses in Finland using oil heating

system. We tried to find out if anyone is currently using the system we are researching

on. In Finland, we found only one person using it and from him we found out that our

investment could be profitable.

We estimated the total cost for this project as 1200 hour *30 Euro per hour = 36000

Euro.

So the estimated total cost was around €36000. We managed to be within this limit and

our final cost was almost similar.

Lessons Learned

A lot was learned during the project about handling an actual project task and carrying it

out. Project group was also multinational so some things were also learned about

working in an international environment and working in some other language than

every student’s own mother language. The group’s experiences and things that were

learned are divided under more specific headlines:

Managing the project:

Project was mainly carried out by weekly meetings where the development of project

was discussed and then according to what was discussed all project group members

were given certain tasks to complete usually until next meeting. Good thing in this was

that everyone mostly got to choose a task that they themselves wanted to do and tasks

were thoroughly always discussed. Also because all tasks given were discussed together

with all group members present everyone always knew what everyone was doing and

the deadlines were also this way clear to all.

In this kind of project and with this kind of project group the looser project managing

worked fine, but it can be argued that it might not work as well in all projects.

Especially larger and/ or more professional project groups should work better with more

direct and organized management. Direct and organized management is usually more

efficient.

Technical learning:

None of the members of the project group had much knowledge in solar panels and

designing electric systems prior to project so everyone learned a lot of new things.

Group learned to gather information needed to design something and also learned about

all the different kinds of information that designing something might need. The

information gathering was also divided in tasks and because the way the project was

managed all the needed different information different persons collected was shared

with all group members. This was a great way to keep all project group members in

same level in knowledge of theory and so it spun better discussions about the tasks.

Co-operation:

During the project co-operation was made with the project-guiding teacher Jukka

Karppinen and also his friend who actually already had in his house the actual working

system that we were designing and making the info package of. Co-operation with

different groups and people works just the same way as with giving tasks to project

group members and discussing together. Project partners from outside the project group

only tend to be with the project less time than the actual members. Co-operation might

be a great way to get more know-how into project and when making a project where

project group has a rather limited field of profession it is almost certainly also needed.

There might be some cons to co-operation also. It might happen that the co-operation

somehow fails or doesn’t in the end actually benefit the project in anyway which might

end up costing to the project. Possible co-operation and its benefits should always be

discussed with the project group before making any co-operation contracts.

Other:

The project making was started from the basis of directions given in the project

assignment. These directions however varied a little from the actual end result that was

actually requested and were quite general in nature. The directions changed a little later

that made some work that was already done for the project useless. Project goes better

and produces better end results the more specific and clear directions and assignment is

provided. It can be good to plan questions and things to discuss before meeting with the

project client to get as clear assignment and starting point for the project as possible.

During the project work, each and every member of the group has played

very important role to complete the project work. During the project work and in the

meeting in-between the project work, each member were assigned different task and

responsibilities to perform so that the project work can be equally distributed and no

member would be pressured for all the tasks and responsibilities. The task and

responsibilities were so distributed and assigned according to the capabilities and

interest of the group member, so that, they would be so much interested what they were

doing and do it giving their 100%. Below are the brief description of the group

members and their project specific roles and responsibilities.

Niroj Chaulagain: - All choose him as project manager in the meeting. He

actively participated in all the project tasks and responsibilities and did his tasks fully

being committed. As all the group member he also did general research on the topic

“Solar electric heating system for small houses”. His specific in the project was Project

manage and meeting management as he was the manager of the group. The other

responsibility he took was to do research on the topic of project called Risk

management and Analysis, which is did very well and lastly he was the one responsible

for doing research on the electronic components that are used in the project.

Toni Laitila: - He also actively participated in all the project work

committedly. In the beginning he also did general research on our topic of project and

present his ideas during the project meetings. The specific role he play in the project

was doing research on the different types of solar panel that are available in the Finnish

mark as well as international market. He was also responsible for assisting Mr. Henri

Nevasalmi in performing the Technical data collection and calculation of those data,

which was the most important part of the project work.

Henri Nevasalmi: - He was key person in the group who did all the

technical data collection and calculation work in the project. In the beginning he also

did general research on our project topic and present his ideas during the project

meetings. He was giving the responsibility to do research on the solar heating system

being used in the Finnish community and the costs of the system, which is performed

very well. By the end of the report he was also able to present the estimate cost of the

solar heating system. He also did all the technical calculation, such as the energy

produced by solar panels, estimated energy required for a house, estimated finance

required to install the system in the newly constructed house and install the system in

the old house combine with old system and at last he was able to give the estimate

payback time of the system.

Eetu Hamalainen: - He was the one who took responsibility to do market

inspection. The price of the system that are being installed in the house of Finnish

community and compared the those with the system that we were doing and present

those ideas and information in the project meetings and include those in the project

report. He also did research on the legal procedure about the installation of the system

and how we could be able to present and convince them to buy our system to the people.

He other task was to make the info-package of the system which includes all the basic

information about the system, so that consumers can easily understand the system what

they are buying and what they are investing in, and the benefits of the system in the

long term basis.

Bikash Ranjitkar: - He was the one who was assigned to take minutes

during the meeting and present that in the tuubi. As every member in the group, he also

did general research on the project topic and presented his ideas and knowledge about

the related field in the project meetings held during the project time period. He was

responsible of doing research on the different topic of the project such as, the risk that

we might face during the project work and the way to minimize it. And mainly he was

responsible of making project poster, which he did well and present it meeting and in

the final presentation of the project.

Overall, each and every member of the group did very fantastic work for

the project and we were successful in completing our project work very smoothly and

present it to respective teachers on time.

Project work assessment

Before the project is commenced it is needed to go through market inspection. It is

essential to find out whether the product we launch would be profitable or not. Hence

first of all we were set to find out if there were houses that already used solar electric

heating systems. In Finland, there are no houses using solar electric heating (Except

one).

We found out the number of houses in Finland and the houses that use oil heating

system. After all, our main target was to make an info package for small houses using

oil heating system as their main heating system.

Fig1: Apartments in Uusima region

• In Finland there are between 200000 to 250000 houses using oil heating. The

number of these houses is constantly diminishing due to increase in oil price.

People move to newer and cheaper houses or find alternate solutions (electric

heating, far heating, ground heat, burning something else like wood, pellets so

on) to warm up their house and tap water.

• 20% of all (detached) houses in Finland use oil heating.

• Cheapest solar thermal systems cost around 2500€ and get obviously more

expensive as the amount of water to be heated increases. Bigger houses use more

water. We have business if we can compete with prices.

• In Uusimaa, around 6000 new houses are built every year. This number of

course varies a lot due to economical state of the country and existing building

trend.

• Around 1-3% of new houses are oil heated. Most use some kind of hybrid

solution (electric+ ground heating for example). We can have a market with new

houses also if our “product” can be used as a part of hybrid system.

The next step was to find out the best and cheap solar panels. Our team members

worked in a group to find out the available panels in the market, their efficiencies and

power.

fig2. Solar panels available in market

The cost of the solar panels depends upon the efficiencies and power it generates. If one

wants solar panels with higher efficiencies, the cost would be more and payback time

will be more. The best option would be to choose solar panel with low cost so as to

lessen the payback time.

The calculation of for energy requirement is calculated as below:

The energy produced by the solar is compared with the energy requirement of the

family and hence payback time and profit is calculated.

The calculation table is as below:

Kuukausi Helsinki lämmitystarveluvut Lämmitystarvesuhdeluvut Lämmitystarve Lämpimänkäyttövedenenergiatarve Kokonaisenergiatarve Aurinkopaneelin kuukausituotantohttp:/ / re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ pvgis/ apps4/ pvest.phpPaneelien lkm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 301 647 0,166838577 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 3,46 31,14 Energian tarpeen ja tuotannonvälinen 262,685833 259,225833 255,765833 252,305833 248,845833 245,385833 241,925833 238,465833 235,005833 231,545833 228,085833 224,625833 221,165833 217,705833 214,245833 210,785833 207,325833 203,865833 200,405833 196,945833 193,485833 190,025833 186,565833 183,105833 179,645833 176,185833 172,725833 169,265833 165,805833 162,3458332 612 0,157813306 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 10,4 93,6 absoluuttinenetäisyys 255,745833 245,345833 234,945833 224,545833 214,145833 203,745833 193,345833 182,945833 172,545833 162,145833 151,745833 141,345833 130,945833 120,545833 110,145833 99,7458333 89,3458333 78,9458333 68,5458333 58,1458333 47,7458333 37,3458333 26,9458333 16,5458333 6,14583333 -4,2541667 -14,654167 -25,054167 -35,454167 -45,8541673 566 0,145951521 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 18,3 164,7 247,845833 229,545833 211,245833 192,945833 174,645833 156,345833 138,045833 119,745833 101,445833 83,1458333 64,8458333 46,5458333 28,2458333 9,94583333 -8,3541667 -26,654167 -44,954167 -63,254167 -81,554167 -99,854167 -118,15417 -136,45417 -154,75417 -173,05417 -191,35417 -209,65417 -227,95417 -246,25417 -264,55417 -282,854174 383 0,098762249 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 26,1 234,9 240,045833 213,945833 187,845833 161,745833 135,645833 109,545833 83,4458333 57,3458333 31,2458333 5,14583333 -20,954167 -47,054167 -73,154167 -99,254167 -125,35417 -151,45417 -177,55417 -203,65417 -229,75417 -255,85417 -281,95417 -308,05417 -334,15417 -360,25417 -386,35417 -412,45417 -438,55417 -464,65417 -490,75417 -516,854175 153 0,039453326 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 31,9 287,1 234,245833 202,345833 170,445833 138,545833 106,645833 74,7458333 42,8458333 10,9458333 -20,954167 -52,854167 -84,754167 -116,65417 -148,55417 -180,45417 -212,35417 -244,25417 -276,15417 -308,05417 -339,95417 -371,85417 -403,75417 -435,65417 -467,55417 -499,45417 -531,35417 -563,25417 -595,15417 -627,05417 -658,95417 -690,854176 11 0,002836514 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 30,4 273,6 235,745833 205,345833 174,945833 144,545833 114,145833 83,7458333 53,3458333 22,9458333 -7,4541667 -37,854167 -68,254167 -98,654167 -129,05417 -159,45417 -189,85417 -220,25417 -250,65417 -281,05417 -311,45417 -341,85417 -372,25417 -402,65417 -433,05417 -463,45417 -493,85417 -524,25417 -554,65417 -585,05417 -615,45417 -645,854177 1 0,000257865 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 30,9 278,1 235,245833 204,345833 173,445833 142,545833 111,645833 80,7458333 49,8458333 18,9458333 -11,954167 -42,854167 -73,754167 -104,65417 -135,55417 -166,45417 -197,35417 -228,25417 -259,15417 -290,05417 -320,95417 -351,85417 -382,75417 -413,65417 -444,55417 -475,45417 -506,35417 -537,25417 -568,15417 -599,05417 -629,95417 -660,854178 12 0,003094379 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 23,9 215,1 242,245833 218,345833 194,445833 170,545833 146,645833 122,745833 98,8458333 74,9458333 51,0458333 27,1458333 3,24583333 -20,654167 -44,554167 -68,454167 -92,354167 -116,25417 -140,15417 -164,05417 -187,95417 -211,85417 -235,75417 -259,65417 -283,55417 -307,45417 -331,35417 -355,25417 -379,15417 -403,05417 -426,95417 -450,854179 125 0,03223311 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 16 144 250,145833 234,145833 218,145833 202,145833 186,145833 170,145833 154,145833 138,145833 122,145833 106,145833 90,1458333 74,1458333 58,1458333 42,1458333 26,1458333 10,1458333 -5,8541667 -21,854167 -37,854167 -53,854167 -69,854167 -85,854167 -101,85417 -117,85417 -133,85417 -149,85417 -165,85417 -181,85417 -197,85417 -213,85417

10 316 0,081485302 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 9,34 84,06 256,805833 247,465833 238,125833 228,785833 219,445833 210,105833 200,765833 191,425833 182,085833 172,745833 163,405833 154,065833 144,725833 135,385833 126,045833 116,705833 107,365833 98,0258333 88,6858333 79,3458333 70,0058333 60,6658333 51,3258333 41,9858333 32,6458333 23,3058333 13,9658333 4,62583333 -4,7141667 -14,05416711 464 0,119649304 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 3,45 31,05 262,695833 259,245833 255,795833 252,345833 248,895833 245,445833 241,995833 238,545833 235,095833 231,645833 228,195833 224,745833 221,295833 217,845833 214,395833 210,945833 207,495833 204,045833 200,595833 197,145833 193,695833 190,245833 186,795833 183,345833 179,895833 176,445833 172,995833 169,545833 166,095833 162,64583312 588 0,151624549 0 266,1458333 266,1458333 1,87 16,83 264,275833 262,405833 260,535833 258,665833 256,795833 254,925833 253,055833 251,185833 249,315833 247,445833 245,575833 243,705833 241,835833 239,965833 238,095833 236,225833 234,355833 232,485833 230,615833 228,745833 226,875833 225,005833 223,135833 221,265833 219,395833 217,525833 215,655833 213,785833 211,915833 210,045833

3878 0 3193,75 3193,75 206,02 Etäisyyksienkertymä 2987,73 2781,71 2575,69 2369,67 2163,65 1957,63 1751,61 1545,59 1379,9325 1267,1125 1175,24667 1109,18083 1046,36083 983,540833 929,075 884,555 845,889167 817,369167 788,849167 760,329167 731,809167 703,289167 674,769167 646,249167 617,729167 593,463333 575,343333 557,223333 543,8175 535,0375Paneelinhinta 35,00€ Takaisinmaksuaika 20,492 11,173 8,066 6,513 5,581 4,960 4,516 4,183 4,012 3,975 3,983 4,040 4,100 4,156 4,225 4,308 4,400 4,508 4,613 4,716 4,817 4,915 5,011 5,104 5,196 5,295 5,404 5,511 5,628 5,753Öljynhinta (€/ l) 0,935 Lämmitysenergian tuotanto aurinkopaneeleilla 6,45% 12,90% 19,35% 25,80% 32,25% 38,70% 45,16% 51,61% 56,79% 60,33% 63,20% 65,27% 67,24% 69,20% 70,91% 72,30% 73,51% 74,41% 75,30% 76,19% 77,09% 77,98% 78,87% 79,77% 80,66% 81,42% 81,99% 82,55% 82,97% 83,25%Kevytpolttoöljynenergiasisältö (kWh/ l) 10,2Öljykattilanhyötysuhde 100,0 %Kaapelinhinta 20,00€Invertterinhinta 332,00 €

Double click to open the excel sheet.

The figure below shows the complete system

fig3. Solar electric heating system

The numbering shows the following:

1.Photo Voltaic Solar Panel

2.Tank Containing Water and Resistor

3.DC to AC Converter

4.AC Mains Supply

5.Hot/Cold Water Supply in the House

6.AC Meter

7.Water Heating Panel

8.Other Electrical Equipments

Fig4. Basic schematic for Solar Electric Heating

How the system works

Solar panels convert light energy to electrical energy and the electrical energy is finally

converted to heat energy using a resistor. The heated resistor heats the water and finally

the heated water is supplied to different parts in house. Excess electrical energy is used

for running electrical equipment example lighting a bulb, television etc.

Parts used in Solar Electric Heating System

1. Solar Panels

Solar panels are the most important of solar electric heating system. Solar uses

semiconductor mostly silicon added with impurities. Electrons in silicon move due to

photon striking on the surface. This is how there is flow of electron, flow of electricity.

2. Wiring

Wires are required to transfer electric energy from one place to other. The electricity

produced with solar is to be carried to the resistor for it to get heated up.

3. Tank

Water to be heated is kept in a tank. The size of tank can vary. The tank should be able

to resist the heat produced from the resistor. It is better if the tank is sealed so that the

heat from inside does not go outside.

4. Resistor

Another important part in solar heating is resistor. Resistor resists the flow of electrons

due to which heat is produced. This heat is used for heating water. Nichrome (Ni-Cr

alloy), constantan (Cu-Ni alloy) etc. are mostly used as resistors that are usually coiled.

5. DC to AC converter

The electricity that is produced form solar is in DC. So, we can use a DC to AC

converter to convert DC to AC. However, this is not required in the system. The system

is still capable of running without converter.

6. AC Mains

In case there is low power production from the solar panel, AC mains can be used as a

supply to heat up the resistor. A professional under supervision should do this and the

local authority is to be notified.

7. Switches

Switches are required. Switches are required to turn the system on when required and

off when not required. Switches can be installed so as to bypass electricity from solar

panels for other use rather than heating the resistor.

8. Pipes

The supply of water throughout the house is done with pipes. The sizes of pipes can

differ accordingly. Pipes should be able to withstand the temperature of the heated

water.

9. Thermometer

This can be the part of the system just in case if someone wants to check the

temperature created by the system. Temperature sensor can be used so as to warn if the

amount of heat produced or temperature of the system is beyond limit.

If one simply wants to know temperature, liquid thermometer can be the best option.

An Estimated Example

We have made an estimated example using the formulas we have, and the researched

materials we have.

We consider a house with an area of 80 square meters where 3 people live. The family

would require 70kWh per cubic meter. The energy demand would be around 9000kWh.

For this, around 1100 litres of oil would be required. With current oil price the cost

would be around 1200 euros. Not only this, each kg of oil produces more than twice

weight of carbon dioxide. This would be around 2700kg of Co2 in a year.

Hence, replacing oil heating with solar electric heating system would produce around 28

to 50 per cent of heating energy (in summer the efficiency is high, sunlight falling on

panel is high, so the energy produced will be high enough but in winter it drastically

falls down) using 14 solar panels.

Around 750kg of Co2 production will be reduced each year.

The over all cost would start from 2000 Euros (can vary depending upon the brands of

solar panel, quality of the parts used, etc.) This is the very basic cost. For this the

payback time would be around 4 to 5 years. Solar panels can produce electricity no

matter how old it is. The efficiency might decrease but there would still be production.

The following chart shows the energy requirement by the family and energy obtained

from the solar heating:

fig5. Panel energy versus Energy demand

The graph shows that there is enough energy produced in summer where as there is less

amount of energy produced in other months.

The oil prices are always going up. Hence, the investment now can be beneficial in near

future. One doesn’t just save expenses on oil; he/she contributes to save the

environment by reducing the production of carbon dioxide gas.

This can be the best alternative source of energy. Hence, time has come to change the

traditional heating with solar electric heating.

Risk management

Risk management is the process of identification, analysis and either acceptance or

mitigation of uncertainty in investment decision-making. There is always possible

losses that might occur while investing on something. Hence, it is necessary to take

proper action or inaction. If there is inadequate risk management, result can be severe

for companies or individuals.

Risk can be managed in two different steps. First one is determining the possible risks

in the investment and the second one is handling those risks in best possible way for

better outcomes to achieve the main objective of the investment. It also involves having

a plan in place to get things back to normal as quickly as possible if something bad does

happen.

Possible Risks, Its Impacts and Analysis

We were mostly concerned in solar photovoltaic heating system. However there were

solar non-electric heating systems already available in markets that were more efficient.

So, the primary risk was use of alternative systems instead of solar heating.

Next risk was the total cost of the product. We have managed to reduce the cost of

product by using cheaper solar panels imported from China.

Another risk we could not neglect was amount of sunlight falling in particular place. If

there is less amount of sunlight, then solar is obviously not the best thing to consider.

Hence, we had a deep research on the amount of sunlight falling in Finland. Summer

was good enough to produce high energy. However, winter was not good. But still there

would be production of energy.

There was active participation of all the members, co-ordination within group members

and active meetings in the project. This helped reduce expenses and the project was

completed earlier.

The project plan we prepared beforehand helped us achieve our aim. We ran according

to the project plan to reduce the risks in our business. There were some amendments in

the project plan, schedule and working strategy for successful risk management.

After successful completion of project, there comes a time when we have to sell our

product in market. For that we need advertisements, elevator speech, etc. So, our team

prepared an elevator speech, targeting house using oil heating system.

Risk management plan / risk response table

Conclusion

The project is mainly focused on houses using oil-heating system. It is time to change

the oil heating for solar electric heating, as it is beneficial in both short and long term.

There is definitely payback for the system as well as profit. The environment will also

be preserved as there is use renewable source of energy and the production of poisonous

gas is reduced. Time to think. Go Clean Go Green.

Risk Likelihood Imp-act

Classification Planned action

#1 Amount of sunlight falling on specific place

3 2 Low As our target is to facilitate solar electric heating to those areas with more amount of sunlight, there is less risk.

#2 Similar product available in market

2 3 Medium Our target is to make the product less costly and with high efficiency.

#3 Cost of the product

4 4 High It is likely that primary installation expenses can be high, but in long run it is beneficial and people are sure to get their investment returned.

#4 Chance of product being not sold

3 4 High Elevator speech, advertisement