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Name:Hour:
CumulativeFinalExamReviewGuideUnitOne:NatureofScience
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaperwritedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Biologyb. ControlGroupc. Hypothesis
d. IndependentVariablee. DependentVariablef. Constants
2. Howdoyouwriteaproperhypothesis?Provideanexample.
3. Listthesixstepsofthescientificmethodinordera. b. c. d. e. f.
4. Readandanalyzethefollowingexperiment
Dr.BunsenHoneydewandhisassistantBeakerhavebeenworkingonacureforFozzie’sbadjokes.AftertryingtoteachFozzienewjokes,theygaveupanddecidedtheyhadtoapproachtheproblemfromadifferentpointofview,thatoftheaudience.Theyhavecreatedaformulathatlookslikewater,tasteslikewater,andisodorlesslikewater.BeforeFozzie’sshow,BunsenandBeakersplittheaudienceinhalf.Theleftsideoftheaudience(groupA)wasgivenabottleofwaterandaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)wasgivenabottleoftheformulaandwasalsoaskedtodrinkitallbeforetheshowstarted.Afterthefirstfewjokes,Fozziewashitbyseventomatoes,heckledbyWaldorfandStatler(asusual)andbooed;allbytheleftsideoftheaudience(groupA).Therightsideoftheaudience(groupB)didn’tnoticethebooingortomatoesbecausetheyweretoobusylaughingatFozzie’sjokes.Identifythefollowing:ControlGroup:ExperimentalGroup:IndependentVariable:DependentVariable:Constants:
UnitTwo:Biochemistry
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. OrganicCompoundb. Photosynthesisc. CellularRespirationd. AerobicRespiration
e. AnaerobicRespiration/fermentationf. Macromoleculeg. Monomer
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2. Identifythefourtypesoforganiccompoundsandanswerthequestionsabouteach.
a. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
b. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
c. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
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d. ___________________________________________________
i. Whatarethemonomers?
ii. Whatisthepolymer?
iii. Whataretheelementsthatmakeupthismolecule?
iv. Whataretheyusedfor?
v. Provideatleastoneexample
3. Whyiswatersoimportanttolivingthings?Provideandexplain7reasons.a. b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
4. WhyisATPsoimportanttocells?
5. Whatisthedifferencebetweenaerobicrespirationandanaerobicrespiration/fermentation?WhichmakesmoremoleculesofATP?
6. Writeouttheequationforphotosynthesis
a. Whatarethereactants?
b. Whataretheproducts?
c. Whatelsemustbepresentforphotosynthesistooccur?
7. Writeouttheequationforcellularrespiration
a. Whatarethereactants?
b. Whataretheproducts?
c. Whatelsemustbepresentforcellularrespirationtooccur?
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UnitThree:Cells
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Diffusionb. PassiveTransportc. Hypertonicd. Hypotonic
e. Osmosisf. ActiveTransportg. Isotonich. Cells
2. Explainthefunctionoftheorganelleslistedandthenidentifytheorganelleslistedonthediagramsonthefollowingpage.
Organelle Function
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
NuclearEnvelope
CellMembrane
GolgiApparatus
SmoothER
RoughER
Ribosomes
Vesicles
CentralVacuole
CellWall
Chloroplast
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3. Labelthefollowingdiagrams
4. Ofthetwodiagrams,whichisananimalcellandwhichisaplantcell?Howdoyouknow?
5. Thefollowingtablegivesyouinformationrelatingtodifferenttypesofsolutions:hypertonic,isotonic,andhypotonic.Fillinthemissinginformationtoidentifythesolutionandwhathappenstocellsineachsolution.
Ifthefluidoutsidethecellhas…
Theoutsidefluidis…(hypertonic,isotonic,
hypotonic)Waterdiffuses…
Effectoncell(shrivels,staysthesame,bursts)
Lowerfreewatermoleculeconcentration
thansalt
Outofthecell.
Highfreewatermoleculeconcentration
thansalt
Intothecell
Samefreewatermoleculeconcentration
assalt
Intoandoutofthecellatequalrates
6. Identifythedescriptionsbelowaseitheranexampleofdiffusion(d)orosmosis(o)
a. _____________Twodropsofbluefoodcoloringandtwodropsofyellowfoodcoloringareaddedtoaglassofwater,laterallofthewaterisgreen.
b. _____________Theiodineandstarchlabthatwedidinclass.
c. _____________Alumpofsugarisaddedtoabeakerofwater,eventuallythesugariscompletelydissolvedinthewater.
d. _____________Inanisotonicsolution,watermoleculesmoveintoandoutofthecellsatthesamerate.
e. ______________Isprayperfumeinthefrontrightcorneroftheroomanditcaneventuallybesmelledinthe
backleftcorneroftheroom.
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7. Compareandcontrastpassiveandactivetransport.Besuretogiveexamplesofeach.
8. Bacteriacomeinthreebasicshapes.Givethecommonandscientificnameofeach.a.
b.
c.
UnitFour:CellDivision
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingtermsa. Chromosomeb. Diploidc. Haploidd. Trisomye. Karyotypef. Mitosisg. Meiosis
h. Canceri. Crossing-Overj. Autosomek. HomologousChromosomel. Sex-Chromosomem. Chromatidn. Centromere
2. AlloftheDNAinacellismuchlargerthanthecellitself.HowdoestheDNAbecomemorecompacttofitinside
thenucleus?
3. Whatcombinationofsexchromosomesproducemalesandfemalesinhumans?
4. Ifaspermcellcontains10chromosomes,howmanychromosomeswillbeintheorganism’sbodycells?
5. Listthreecharacteristicsofcancercells?
a.
b.
c.
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6. Usethediagramtoanswerthefollowingquestionsa. Whatdoesthediagramrepresent?
b. WhathappensintheG1,S,andG2stage?
c. Whatphasedocellsspendthemosttimein?
d. Whatphasedocellsspendtheleasttimein?
e. Mitosisisalsoknownasthedivisionofwhat?
f. Whichtwophasesmakeupcelldivision?
7. Compareandcontrastmitosisandmeiosis.Bespecific.
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8. Drawthefourstagesofmitosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage.
Mitosis
Stages
Drawing
Description
9. Drawtheeightstagesofmeiosisandbrieflyexplaineachstage
Meiosis
Stages
Drawing
Description
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UnitFive:Genetics1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writethedefinitionsforthefollowingterms.
a. Allele
b. Homozygous
c. Heterozygous
d. Genotype
e. Phenotype
f. CompleteDominance
g. IncompleteDominance
h. Co-Dominance
i. Genetics
j. Heredity
k. Recessive
l. Mutation
m. Autosomaln. Sex-linked
2. Identifythepedigreeasautosomalorsex-linkedanddominantorrecessive.Thengivethemostprobable
genotypeofeachindividual.
3. Whoisknownasthe“father”ofgenetics?Whatdidhestudy?Whydidhestudythis?
4. Whoismorecommonlyaffectedbysex-linkedtraitsandwhyaretheymorecommonlyaffected?
5. PerformthefollowingcrossesusingPunnettsquaresandgivetherequestedratio.Gisdominantforgreenskin;
gisrecessiveforblueskin.Bisdominantforbrowneyes;bisrecessiveforblueeyes.
a. GgxGg(GenotypicRatio)
b. BbxBb(PhenotypicRatio)
c. GgBbxGgBb(GenotypicandPhenotypicRatio)
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UnitSix:DNA1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. DNAReplication
b. Nucleotide
c. NucleicAcid
d. Mutation
e. RNATranscription
f. AminoAcidTranslation
g. Codon
h. Anticodon
i. DNAFingerprint
2. DescribethestructureofDNA.IncludeallofthevariouspartsthatmakeupDNA.
3. ExplainhowaDNAfingerprintcanbeusedtosolvecrimes.
4. CompareandcontrastDNAandRNA.Whichoneistheblueprintoflife?
5. Whatarethebasepairingrulesfor…?
a. DNA?
b. RNA?
6. AnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheDNAsequence:TACGCCTTGa. WhatwillthecomplimentaryDNAstrandlooklike?
b. TranscribetheDNAintoastrandofmRNA
c. TranslatethemRNAintoaproteinchain(youneedyourcodonchartforthis)
7. Describetheprocessofproteinsynthesisindetail.
8. Therearethreemaintypesofmutations.Listandbrieflydescribethem.
a.
b.
c.
9. Doeseverymutationcausedamagetoanorganism?Explainyouranswer.
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UnitSeven:Evolution1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. Evolution
b. NaturalSelection
c. Adaptation
d. Fossil
e. HomologousStructure
f. VestigialStructure
g. AnalogousStructure
h. Species
i. Competition
2. WheredidDarwindomostofhisresearch?
3. Explainnaturalselection.
4. Listanddescribesomevariablesthatcauseevolution.
5. Ifapopulationisnotevolving,thismeansthatthepopulationisinwhat?
6. Oftheitemslistedbelow,circleanythatcouldcontributetonaturalselection.
a. PhenotypicVariationb. GeneticVariationc. RenewableWaterSupplyd. EnvironmentalChangee. LimitedLivingSpacef. ClimateChangeg. UnlimitedResourcesh. Mutationi. FoodSource
7. Therearethreetypesofnaturalselectionthatcanoccur.IdentifyeachofthegraphsbelowaseitherStabilizing
Selection,DisruptiveSelection,orDirectionalSelection.Besuretoprovideanexplanationofeachtypeofnatural
selection.
TypeofSelection
DescriptionofSelection
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8. Listandexplainthe4requirementsfornaturalselectiona.
b.
c.
d.
9. Listandexplainthesixpiecesofextraevidenceforevolution
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
10. ExplainspeciationasitrelatestoDarwin’sfinches.Whatkeyadaptationsinthefinchesisaffectedbythetypeoffoodavailable?
11. Compareandcontrasthomologousstructuresandanalogousstructures.Giveanexampleofeach.
12. Nametwovestigialstructuresinhumans
a.
b.
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UnitEight:Populations&Ecology
1. Onaseparatesheetofpaper,writedefinitionsforthefollowingterms
a. Producer
b. Primary
Consumer
c. Secondary
Consumer
d. Tertiary
Consumer
e. Habitat
f. Carryingcapacityg. Ecologyh. Ecosystemi. BioticFactorsj. Biodiversityk. Population
l. Biome
m. AbioticFactorsn. Community
o. Secondary
Succession
p. Primary
Succession
2. Therearefivetypesofsymbioticrelationships.Name,define,andprovideanexampleofeachbelow.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3. Drawafoodwebinthespacebelowbasedonthefollowingfoodchains:
a. PlantsàMouseàHawk
b. PlantsàRabbitsàWolf
c. PlantsàRabbitsàSnakeàHawk
d. PlantsàMouseàSnake
e. PlantsàDeeràWolf
f. PlantsàHawkàWolf
4. Provideexamplesfromthefoodwebaboveforeachofthefollowing
a. Producer b. Primary
Consumer
c. Secondary
Consumer
d. Tertiary
Consumer
5. Mostecosystemsonlycontainfourtrophiclevels.Basedonyourfoodwebfrom#2,explainwhichtrophic
level(s)thewolffeedsatandwhy.
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6. Explainhowmuchenergymovesupthroughthetrophiclevelsandwhythereisnota4thlevelconsumer.
7. Explainhowprimarysuccessiondiffersfromsecondarysuccession.Howaretheysimilar?Whyissuccession
important?
8. Usethegraphtoanswerthequestions
a. Whichsectionshowsanincreaseinbirthrate?
b. Whichsectionshowanincreaseindeathrate
c. WhydoesthegraphleveloffinsecondC?
9. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtoincrease?
10. Whatfactorscausepopulationgrowthtodecrease?
11. Explainthefollowingcycles(youmaysketchadiagramifthat’seasier)
a. WaterCycle
b. CarbonCycle
c. NitrogenCycle