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Field survey of Palu Tsunami, 20180928 Fumihiko Imamura, Tohoku University Abdul Muhari, Marine Spatial Management, MMAF Taro Arikawa, Chuo University
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Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Oct 23, 2021

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Page 1: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Field survey of Palu Tsunami, 20180928Fumihiko Imamura, Tohoku University

Abdul Muhari, Marine Spatial Management, MMAF

Taro Arikawa, Chuo University

Page 2: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Members & Itinerary

Fumihiko Imamura, Tohoku UniversityAbdul Muhari, Marine Spatial Management, MMAFTaro Arikawa, Chuo University• 2nd /Oct Tokyo to Jakaruta 3rd /Oct• 3rd /Oct Meeting at Jakaruta• 4th/ Oct Jakaruta to Palu• 5th / Oct Field Survey in Palu• 6th / Oct Palu to Jakaruta• 7th / Oct Presentation at Jakaruta and to Tokyo(8th)

Page 3: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Summary of the earthquake

Moment 2.497e+20 N-m

Magnitude 7.53 Mww

Depth 13.5 km

Percent DC 90%

Half duration 20.48 s

Plane Strike [deg] Dip [deg] Rake [deg]NP1 87 74 -156NP2 350 67 -17

Parameter source: USGS

• “The September 28, 2018, M 7.5 earthquake near Sulawesi, Indonesia occurred as a result of strike‐slip faulting at shallow depths within the interior of the Molucca Sea microplate, part of the broader Sunda tectonic plate. Focal mechanism solutions for the earthquake indicate rupture occurred on either a left‐lateral north‐south striking fault, or along a right‐lateral east‐west striking fault.” (USGS)

Page 4: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Tsunami observations - waveform• A tidal observation data at Bitung was analysed.• The tsunami waveform was extracted through a filtering (T = 4 to 128min).

Observed waveform at Bitung

Palu

Page 5: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Tsunami observations - waveform• A tidal observation data at Pantoloan was analysed(the nearest observation point).

• The tsunami waveform was extracted                              through a filtering (T = 4 to 128min).

Observed waveform at Pataloan

Palu

Page 6: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Survey Point

• In Palu City ( south coast of the Bay of Palu)• Imamura & Muhari

• In the east coast of the Bay of Palu• Arikawa • (Courtesy to Mr. Akihiro Nakajima, The Daily Jakarta Shimbun) 

Page 7: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Definition of Tsunami Height

Still Water LevelGround Height

Tsunami Height

Propagation Area Inundation Area

Inundation Depth

Inundation Height

Run Up Area

Run up HeightSplash

Page 8: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Field Survey in the south coast of the bay of Palu

Page 9: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Peta wilayah terdampak gempa dan tsunami Sulteng dari LAPAN

Artikel ini telah tayang di Kompas.com dengan judul "Bersama Komunitas Internasional, LAPAN Bikin Peta Dampak Tsunami Palu", https://sains.kompas.com/read/2018/10/01/200000423/bersama‐komunitas‐internasional‐lapan‐bikin‐peta‐dampak‐tsunami‐palu. Penulis : Resa Eka Ayu SartikaEditor : Resa Eka Ayu Sartika

Page 10: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

200‐300m

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11.3m, eye‐witeness

8.8 m, eye‐witeness9.8m

6.3m

Page 22: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Field Survey Point of the east side

Wani 2 PantoloanI.D.(1.9m), I.H.(4.5m)

Port, PantoloanI.D.(2.6m), I.H.(4.9m)

MamboroS.H.(10.1m), I.D.(4.5m), 

I.H.(6.3m)

Mamboro2I.D.(4.8m), I.H.(7.3m)

I.D. =inundation DepthI.H. =Inundation HeightS.H. =Splash Height

Page 23: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Wani 2 Pantoloan

Page 24: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Wani 2 Pantoloan

Page 25: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Wani 2 PantoloanInundation Depth

+ Quay Wall height (2.3m)

Around 1.9m

Page 26: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Wani 2 PantoloanInundation Area

180m

Page 27: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Wani 2 PantoloanTsunami Behavior

1

2

Courtesy to the crew of the ship

Tsunami attacked almost 5 mins after the shock

Page 28: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Port, Pantoloan

Page 29: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Port, PantoloanTsunami BehaviorI.D.(2.6m), I.H.(4.9m)

Page 30: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Mamboro

Page 31: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

MamboroTsunami HeightS.H.(10.1m), I.D.(4.5m), I.H.(6.3m)

8.3m

Ground Height +1.8m

From the balcony of the third floor

First Floor

Second Floor

Page 32: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

MamboroInundation Height

+4.5m from the ground

Page 33: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Mamboro2I.D.(4.8m), I.H.(7.3m)

Page 34: Field survey of PaluTsunami, 20180928

Summary

• The Inundation Depth are around 2 to 5m locally.• Inundation distance is hundreds of meters

• That means the tsunami wave length is very short• The splash height was around twice or more as the inundation depth.

• That means the momentum of the tsunami is large• The power of tsunami is larger.

• The tsunami might arrive a few minutes to 10 minutes after the earthquake motion

• People didn’t have enough time to evacuate even if the warning is alerted. They evacuated as soon as they watched the tsunami.