Fha Endokrin

8/10/2019 Fha Endokrin

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The hormones produced by the endocrine system control virtually all aspects of thefish's life, including

reproduction, growth, and metabolism.

The following tells about the different endocrine tissues and glands and theirfunctions.

Endocrine System of Fish: For the most part, the endocrine system of fish is comparable to that of higher

vertebrates.However, some of the endocrine tissue do not form distinct glands in fish as they

do in other animals, although almost all of the same hormones are produced.The fish has some endocrine tissues, such as the caudal neurosecretory tissue and

the corpuscles of Stannius ,which higher vertebrates do not ossess.

The hormones produced by the endocrine system control virtually all aspects of thefish's life, including reproduction, growth,

and metabolism.

Ir Agoes Soeprijanto MS Lab. Reproduksi Perbenihan Dan Pemuliaan Ikan Fakultas Perikanan Unibraw

n ocr ne na omy an unc on o s


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istim Hormonal/Endokrin pada Ikan



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Pituitary GlandAdrenal GlandThyroid/parathyroidGonadsOthers


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Pituitary and Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland This gland is often called the "master gland",

because it controls other endocrine glandactivity.

The pituitary gland releases oxytocin andvasotocin, hormonal secretions associated with

osmoregulation and reproduction.

Thyroid gland The thyroid gland produces several hormones which

appear to be greatly varied in function. Not all of the effects are well understood, but it

thought that the thyroid helps control the rate ofoxygen consumption, as well as altering

carbohydrate and protein metabolism. It also produces hormones which affect motor

activity, growth, and central nervous system

function.Ir Agoes Soeprijanto MS Lab. Reproduksi Perbenihan Dan Pemuliaan Ikan Fakultas Perikanan Unibraw


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Located at base of brain= hypophysisMaster gland ofendocrine system Neurohypophysis

(pars nervosa) Adenohypophysis

(pars distalis) Pars intermedia


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Ultimobranchial gland This gland is located below the esophagus near

the sinus venosus of the heart. It secretes calcitonin a hormone thought to

control calcium metabolism.

Chromaffin tissue This tissue is distributed around the post-cardinalveins.

Chromaffin tissue secretes adrenaline whichcontrols the heart rate blood pressure and dilation

of the pupils. In times of stress this tissue is stimulated causing

more adrenaline to be produced.



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Interrenal tissue This tissue is found around the head kidney and secretes

steroids. These steroids control osmoregulatory processes associated with

the gills, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract.

Islets of Langerhans This tissue is also often referred to as the pancreatic islets.

It is distributed around the pyloric caeca, intestine, spleen, andgall bladder.

The pancreatic islets produce insulin, a hormone necessary for

carbohydrate metabolism, and in the conversion of glucose toglycogen. Intestinal mucosa- Hormones produced by the intestine regulate

functions of the pancreas .



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KidneyThe kidney produces renin, a hormone associated with

the function of blood vessels in the kidney.

Gonads

The sex glands of both sexes secrete steroids which areresponsible for reproductive behavior

including courtship, nest building, and spawning.These hormones also stimulate development and

maintenance of secondary sex characteristics,as well as the production of gametes.

Ovaries produce estrogen-like hormones that attract males.The testes produce androgens, mainly testosterone,

which are important in sexual behavior andspawning activities of the male.

Gonad stimulation and development by gonadrotropin hormones.Production of estrogens, progesterone, maturation factors, testosterone by gonads.

Environmental pollutants can increase cell destruction, or mimic sex steroids. Artificial manipulation of spawning, sexual manipulation in aquaculture.



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GONADS


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Not a discrete, organized gland in fishLocated in inter-renal tissue and suprarenalglandProduction of stress hormones

Corticosteroids - cortisolCatecholamines epinephrine,

norepinephrine


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Adrenal Glands

Stress response of adrenalhormones


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Regulasi Neuroendokrin pada Reproduksi Ikan



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Pineal organ This organ is located above and behind the

eye.It secretes melatonin, which aggregates melanin.

This hormone is associated with growth.

audal neurosecretory system This system is located near the end of the

spinal cord. Little is known about the function of the

hormones produced in this area, but it isthought that they help control water balance

and sodium regulation.

orpuscles of Stannius These are found in the kidneys. Thecorpuscles are lobulated and are highly

vascularized.

Secretions produced are involved with properosmoregulation.


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Regulasi Neurohormonal pada testisRegulasi Neurohormonal pada testis



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Induced ovulation & spermiation

Neuroendocrine control of female reproduction

Hypothalamus

CNS

Pituitary

Ovary

Spawningbehavior

Anti-estrogens/dopamine agonists

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Gonadotropin (GTH)

Vitellogenesis

Final oocyte maturation

Hydration & Ovulation



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Male Hormonal ontrol

Hypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary

GnRH

LH FSH

SertoliCells

LeydigCells

Testes

Testosterone

Inhibin

Formation and Development of Sperm



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Female Hormonal Control

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary

GnRH

LH FSH

Ovary

Estrogen

Progesterone,estrogens

follicle growth, vittelogenesisoocyte maturation, ovulation

Rising estrogen

stimulates surgein LH

Corpus luteumForms, recovery

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