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FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OF NIGERIA
FEDERAL MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES
TRANSFORMING IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA (TRIMING) PROJECT
P123112
RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK (RPF)
FINAL REPORT
February 19, 2013
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
...................................................................................................................................
3 LIST OF FIGURES
.................................................................................................................................
3 LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
..............................................................................................
4 FOREWORD
..........................................................................................................................................
5 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
.................................................................................................................
8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
.......................................................................................................................
11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
........................................................................................................
17
1.1 Background
...........................................................................................................................
23 1.2 Objectives for Consultancy
.....................................................................................................
24 1.3 Scope of Work
.......................................................................................................................
24 1.4 Principles and Objectives of World Banks Resettlement Policy
.................................................. 25 1.5 The Need
for Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) project
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
.............................................................................................................................
27 1.6 TRIMING Project and the Principle of Involuntary
Resettlement ................................................. 28
1.7 Technical Approach and Methodology
.....................................................................................
29
1.7.1 Review of Literature/Existing RPF
....................................................................................
29 1.7.2 Stakeholders/Public Consultation
.....................................................................................
30 1.7.4 Organizing and Integrating Data
.......................................................................................
30
1.8 Structure of the Resettlement Policy Framework
.......................................................................
30 CHAPTER TWO: DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT
.................................................................
31
2.1 Project Overview
....................................................................................................................
31 2.2 Project Components
...............................................................................................................
31 2.3 Project Location
.....................................................................................................................
36
CHAPTER 3: THE PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND APPROVING RESETTLEMENT
PLANS ................ 43 3.1 Introduction
...........................................................................................................................
43 3.2 The Land Selection Screening Process
....................................................................................
43 3.3 Socio-economic Study
............................................................................................................
45 3.4 Preparation of Resettlement Plans
..........................................................................................
46 3.5 Approval Process
...................................................................................................................
46
CHAPTER FOUR: LAND ACQUISITION AND LIKELY CATEGORIES OF PROJECT
AFFECTED PERSONS
...........................................................................................................................................................
48
4.1 Individuals and Households Potentially
Affected.............................................................................
48 CHAPTER FIVE: CRITERIA AND ELIGIBILITY FOR COMPENSATION OF
PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS
...........................................................................................................................................................
50
5.1 Introduction
...............................................................................................................................
50 5.2 Eligibility for Community Compensation
...................................................................................
51 5.3 The Cut off Date
..................................................................................................................
51
5.3.1 Justification for Cut-off-date
.............................................................................................
51 5.3.2 Common complications in the Application of Cut off Date
................................................... 52 5.3.3
Establishing the Cut-off-date
............................................................................................
52 5.3.4 Requirements for enforcing Cut-off Date
...........................................................................
52
CHAPTER SIX: LEGAL/INSTITUTIONAL GUIDELINES, REQUIREMENTS AND
SAFEGUARD POLICIES . 53 6.1 Land Ownership in Nigeria
......................................................................................................
53 6.2 Nature of Land Rights in the Existing Schemes and Proposed
Expansion Areas.......................... 55 6.3 Nigerian
Legal/Institutional Guidelines and Requirements
.......................................................... 56
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6.3.1 Land Use Act of 1990 and Resettlement Procedures
......................................................... 56 6.4
International Guidelines
..........................................................................................................
58
6.4.1 World Bank Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP.4.12)
and TRIMING PROJECT ............ 58 6.5 Nigerian Law and World Bank
OP 4.12 on Compensation A Comparison
.................................. 59
CHAPTER SEVEN: METHODS OF VALUING AFFECTED ASSETS.
....................................................... 62 7.1:
Compensation Payments and Related Considerations.
..................................................................
62
7.1.1 Compensation for Land
...................................................................................................
62 7.1.2: Compensation for Buildings and Structures.
...........................................................................
63
Table 7.1: Compensation for Buildings and Structures
.............................................................................
64 7.1.3: Calculation of Crops Compensation Rate
..............................................................................
64 7.1.4: Compensation for Vegetable Gardens and Beehives
............................................................. 65
7.1.5: Compensation for Domestic Fruit and Shade Trees.
.............................................................. 65
7.1.6: Compensation for Loss of Business/Employment
..................................................................
65
CHAPTER EIGHT: ARRANGEMENTS FOR COMPENSATION
............................................................. 66
8.1 Introduction
...........................................................................................................................
66 8.2 Community Compensation Payments
.....................................................................................
67 8.3 Description of the Implementation Process
..................................................................................
67 8.4 Grievance Redress Mechanism
....................................................................................................
67
8.4.1 Grievance redress process
..............................................................................................
68 8.4.2 Expectation When Grievances Arise
.................................................................................
69 8.4.3 Management of Reported Grievances
..............................................................................
70 8.4.4 Grievance Log
................................................................................................................
70
8.5 Resettlement, Cost Estimates and Contingencies
.....................................................................
71 8.6 Mechanism for Consultation and Participation of Displaced
Persons .............................................. 71
8.6.1 Identifying Stakeholders
..................................................................................................
72 8.6.2 Consultation Strategies
...................................................................................................
72 Level of Engagement
....................................................................................................................
72
CHAPTER NINE: MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS
................................................. 74 9.1
Introduction
...........................................................................................................................
74 9.2 Monitoring Plan Procedure
......................................................................................................
75 9.3 Evaluation
............................................................................................................................
78
Annex 1: Template For Preparing Resettlement Action/Compensation
Plans (RAPS). .............................. 80 Annex 2. Indicative
Resettlement Screening Form (Adapted from RAMP II)
............................................... 84 Annex 3:
Calculation of Land and Crop Compensation Rate
.....................................................................
98 Annex 4. Sample Grievance Redress Form and Agreed Resolution
Format ............................................. 101 Annex 5:
The World Bank Operational Manual OP 4.12 - December 2001
........................................... 103 Annex 6: Issues
Emanating From the Consultation Visits
.......................................................................
110 Annex 7: List of Persons that attended the stakeholder
consultation..112
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Sample of possible sub projects that may be proposed
under the NIWRMP that would trigger the involuntary resettlement
policy with probable social impact Table 5.1 Eligibility Matrix
Table 6.1: Comparison of Nigerian Law and World Bank OP4.12
Regarding Compensation Table 6.2: The Entitlement Matrix for
Various Categories of PAPs Table 7.1: Compensation for Buildings
and Structures Table 7.2: Example of method to be used to determine
a monetary compensation rate for land* Table 8.1: Indicative budget
for Resettlement and Compensation for NIWMRP Table 8.2: The
Stakeholder Identification Matrix Table 8.3: Consultation Plan at
Project Phases Table 9.1 Specific variables to monitor routinely in
the course of implementation. Table 9.2 Indicators to monitor and
evaluate the implementation of resettlement and compensation
plans
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Map of Nigeria showing Zamfara and Katsina states
Figure 3.1: Typical Process for Resettlement Plans (RAP/ARAP)
Figure 8.1: Spectrum of Engagement Figure 9.1 Conceptual Model
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LIST OF ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
BP Bank Procedure DKIP Dadin Kowa Irrigation Project EAP
Emergency Action Plans EMP Environmental Management Plan ESMF
Environmental and Social Management Framework FGN Federal
Government of Nigeria FMEnv Federal Ministry of Environment FMWR
Federal Ministry of Water Resources HVIP Hajejia Valley Irrigation
Project IBNET International Benchmarking Network IDA International
Development Association IWRM Irrigation and water Resources
Management JMP Joint Monitoring Programme KRIP Kano River
Irrigation Project LUA Land Use Act M&E Monitoring &
Evaluation NEWMAP Nigeria Erosion and Watershed Management Project
NGO Non-Governmental Organization NIWRMC Nigeria Irrigation and
Water Resources Management Commission NIWRMP Nigeria Irrigation and
Water Resources Management Project O&M Operation and
Maintenance OBA Output Based Aid OP Operational Policy PA Protected
Areas PAP Project Affected Person PCU Project Coordination Unit PIM
Project Implementation Manual PPP Public Private Partnership PSC
Project Steering Committee PSP Private Sector Partner or Private
Sector Participation RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project RAP
Resettlement Action Plan RBDA River Basin Development Authority RPF
Resettlement Policy Framework TAC Technical Advisory Committee
UNICEF United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund WB
World Bank WHO World Health Organization WUA Water User
Associations
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FOREWORD
The Government of Nigeria (GoN) identified investments in the
agriculture sector as effective means to reducing poverty. The GoN
recognizes that higher levels of investments in agriculture, both
by the public and private sector, can yield much better results if
the reforms are undertaken to streamline not only the incentive
structures for the farmers, but also the institutional framework in
which agriculture and related activities take place. Seeds and
irrigation are highlighted as priority assets, which can be
catalysts for raising productivity on the supply side. The overall
management of water resources (where agriculture is the largest
consumer) is also highlighted as a challenge requiring attention.
Solutions through greater efficiency in water use are recognized as
critical with more focus given to better management of water in
areas of large and medium irrigation projects. This also requires
putting in place more holistic water resources management
strategies. Finally, other key water management activities
identified in the Twelfth Plan include: steps to greatly improve
governance in water management through Water User Associations, a
focus on on-farm works and the rehabilitation and physical
modernization of existing major irrigation systems, and integration
of these activities with existing surface reservoir based canal
irrigation. In order to respond to the above challenges the GoN has
requested the World Bank to support the preparation of a
TRANSFORMING IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA (TRIMING) PROJECT. In
addition to the policy and institutional focus, TRIMING intends to
support on the ground Integrated Water Resources Management in the
following three basins; Sokoto-Rima Basin, Upper Benue Basin, and
the Hadejia-Jamaare-Komadugu-Yobe Basin (HYKYB). Also TRIMING will
support dams operational and safety management improvement,
particularly for the following dams and reservoirs; Bakolori, Zobe,
Goronyo, Tiga, Challawa Gorge, Ruwan Kanya operational reservoir,
Hadeija Barrage and Dadin Kowa and also Irrigation management
through a particular focus on enhancing capacity of water users
associations. From an Environmental and Social Safeguards point of
view, the TRIMING project is rated as Category A. It triggers six
World Bank safeguards policies (OPs), namely, Environmental
Assessment (OP 4.01), Safety of Dams (OP 4.37), Natural Habitats
(OP 4.04), Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) mentioned above, Pest
Management (OP 4.09), and Projects on International Waterways (OP
7.50). The following safeguards instruments have been prepared and
subjected to public consultation and disclosure.
1. Specific interventions will not be known in detail prior to
appraisal and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is therefore
the most appropriate instrument. This document spells out the key
objectives and principles of the policy and gives guidance to the
preparation of subsequent Resettlement Action Plan (RAP).
2. Similarly, an Environmental and Social Management Framework
(ESMF) describes in general terms the potential environmental and
social impacts of the sub-projects to be financed by this project.
The ESMF also provides guidance for preparation of ESIAs, ESMPs,
and environmental audits.
3. A Pest Management Plan (PMP) designed to minimize potential
adverse impacts on human health and the environment and to advance
ecologically based on integrated pest management.
4. The Bakolori Irrigation Scheme has been submitted to a full
Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment (ESIA), including
consultation and disclosure, during project preparation. The other
site-specific ESIAs will be prepared during project implementation
along with the technical studies for the corresponding
investments.
The present document corresponds to the document No1 Above,
[Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)] for the TRIMING Project.
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GABATARAWA Gwamnatin Tarayyar Nijeiya ta fahimci cewa zuba
jaruka a sashen aiyukan gona ce kadai sahihiyar hanyar da za a bi
domin saukaka talauci. Gwamnatin ta gane cewa zuba manya-manyan
jaruka, daga sashen Hukumomin Gwamnati da kuma Kamfunnan alumma, a
cikin aiyukan gona zai iya haifar da sakamako nagari idan manufar
yinkurin gyara da ake yi, bata takaitu ga tallafa wa manoma da
kayan aiki ba kurum, sai in ta hada da (samarda) ingantattun
kafafen da zasu tallaba wa dukkan nauoin aiyukan gona. Samarda
ingantaccen Iri da (filayen) noman-rani na daga cikin muhimman
ababen da zasu sa a samu amfanin (gona) mai tarin yawa wanda kuma
zaya wadatar da mabukata. Haka kuma, gabadayan alkinta albarkatun
ruwa (inda aiyukan gona ke kwashe kaso mai yawa) wani babban Kalu
Bale ne da ke bukatar a mayar da hankali a kansa. Yana daga
muhimman matakan gyara, samarda amfani da wadataccen ruwan
(noman-rani), ba tare da yin almubazzarancinsa ba, ga manya-manya
da matsakaitan shirye-shiryen mona-rani. Wannan na bukatar kyawawan
dabarun da tsare-tsaren alkinta albarkatun ruwa. A karshe, wasu
daga tsare-tsaren adana ruwa da Shiri na Shabiyu ya tanada sun hada
da: daukar kwararan matakai domin inganta gudanar tattalin ruwa ta
hanyar amfani da Kungiyoyi Masu Taammuli da Ruwa, kula da aiyukan
gyaran filayen gona da farfado dasu da kuma samarda tsari irin na
zamani tare da gwamasu da ruwayen da ake ban ruwa da su a wurare
daban-daban. Domin fuskantar wadannan Kalu Balance-balancen da aka
ambata a sama, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Nijeriya ta nemi Bankin Duniya da
ya bayar da goyon baya ga shirinta da ake wa lakabi da: SHIRIN
SABON TSARIN GUDANAR DA NOMAN-RANI A NIJERIYA SHIRIN (TRIMING).
Bugu da kari akan wadannan manufofi da mayar da hankali a kan
(samarda) ingantattun kafafen gudanarwa, SHIRIN (TRIMING) ya kuduri
aniyar tallafa wa tsarinda ke da akwaina Sarrafa Albarkatun Ruwa a
hukumomin kula da noman-rani ire-irensu kogunan; Sokoto-Rima, Upper
Benue, da kuma na kogunan Hadeja-Jamaare-Komadugu-Yobe (HJKYB).
Haka kuma, SHIRIN (TRIMING) za ya tallafa wa tsarin gudanarwa da
inganta madatsai na ruwa, musamman a madatsai da matattarar ruwa
na; Bakolori, Zobe, Goronyo, Tiga, Challawa Gorje, Ruwan Kanya, da
kuma na Hadejiya Barrage da Dadin Kowa, da inganta noman-rani ta
hanyar bayar da karfin guiwa ga Kungiyoyin manoman damana da na
rani.
Ta fuskar Alkinta Muhalli da Tattalin Zamantakewa kuwa, an
kimanta SHIRIN (TRIMING) a matakin A. Shirin na da manufofin
ingantawa, kamar haka, Tantance Ingancin Muhalli (mai lamba OP
4.01), Kiblacewar Hadurra a Madatsun Ruwa (OP 4.37), Sake
Matsugunnan (mazauna yankunan) da aka ambata a sama (OP 4.12)
Dakile Kwarin da ke Barazana amfanin gona (O P 4.09), sai kuma
Shirye-shiryen kyautata alaka akan amfani da hanyoyin ruwa na
Kasa-da-kasa (O P 7.50). Wannan jerin bayanai ne na matakan kiyaye
hadurra da aka tanada, wadanda sai an tuntubi jamaah masana kan
cancantarsu kafin aiwatar da su.
1. Ba za a san dalla-dallar tanade-tanaden da ke akwai ba sai
bayanbisa manufaan baiyanar da Tsarin Sake Matsugunai (RPF); domin
yin haka shine mafi dacewa. Wannan daftari ya zayyana muhimman
manufofin wannan kuduri tare da shata yadda za a tsara sauran
shirye-shirye tsugunnarwa da za su biyo baya. Ana kiran wannan
Shiri da (RAP).
2. Haka kuma, Ginshikin Gudanar da Alkinta Muhalli da
Zamantakewar Alummah (ESMF) ya bayar da gundarn bayanai kan alfanun
da ka iya samuwa a cikin kananan aiyukan da wannan babban shiri na
(ESMF) za ya gudanar. Kana kuma Shirin zai bada haske a kan yadda
za a gudanar da sauran tsare-tsare na ESIAs, ESMP, da kuma tsarin
binciken muhalli.
3. An kirkiro shirin dakile miyagun kwari masu barazana ga
lafiyar Dan-Adam da muhalli ne domin samar da kubutaccen yanayi
daga aibin kwarin.
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4. Kafin kaddamar da shirin noman-rani a Bakolori sai da aka yi
cikiakken nazari domin gane tasirin da ka iya samuwa musabbabin
Shirin Alkinta Muhalli da Zamantakewar Alummaah (ESIA), an daddale
(matsaya) ta hanyar daukar matakan tuntuba da fayyace bayanai (ga
jamaah) kafin kaddamar da shirin. Irin wadannan matakai ne za a
dauka kafin kaddamarwa da aiwatarwa tare da laakari da
nazarce-nazarcen kwararru akan dukkan sassan (aiyukan noma) da za a
zuba jaruka a kansu nan gaba.
Wannan daftari na da muwafaka da daftarin na 1 (RPF) da aka zo
da bayaninsa a sama.
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DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
Word/Term Definition
Asset Inventory A complete count and description of all property
that will be acquired.
Bank World Bank
Census Official enumeration and collection of demographic
information of people and individuals in the sub-project locations
of the Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING)
project.
Cut - off Date A day beyond which any person who encroaches on
the sub- project area will not be eligible for compensation or any
form of resettlement assistance. Normally, the Cut-off Date is the
day when the Census commences. The Cut-off Date could also be the
date the project area was delineated, prior to the Census, provided
that there has been an effective public dissemination of
information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous
dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further
population influx
Compensation Payment in cash or in kind of the full replacement
cost of lost assets.
Displacement Removal of people from their land, homes, farms,
etc. as a result of a project's activities. Displacement occurs
during the (1) involuntary taking of lands resulting in (i)
relocation or loss of shelter (ii) loss of assets or access to
assets (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood whether
or not the affected persons must move to another location or (2)
involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and
protected areas resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of
PAPs.
Entitlements Compensation and other forms of assistance to be
provided to displaced persons in the respective eligibility
category.
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
An environmental assessment instrument (document) which
establishes a mechanism to determine and assess future potential
environmental and social impacts of productive investments under
the proposed Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria
(TRIMING) project, and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and
institutional measures to be taken during design, implementation
and operation of the project activities to eliminate adverse
environmental and social impacts, offset them , or reduce them to
acceptable levels. This instrument has been prepared as a separate
and stand-alone document to be used in conjunction with this
RPF.
Grievance Procedures
The processes established (a) under law, local regulations, or
administrative decision to enable property owners and other
displaced persons to redress issues related to acquisition,
compensation, or other aspects of resettlement, as well as (b)
specific grievance processes put in place as part of the design of
a project.
Host Communities
Communities receiving resettled people as a result of
involuntary resettlement activities
Land Acquisition
The process whereby a person is compelled by a public agency to
alienate all or part of the land he/she owns or possesses, to the
ownership and possession of that agency, for public purpose in
return for a consideration.
Market Rate Highest rate over the last five years based on
commercial terms.
Market Value The most probable selling price or the value most
often sought by buyers and sellers. It assumes buyers and sellers
have reasonable knowledge, act competitively and rationally are
motivated by self interest to maximize satisfaction and both act
independently and without collusion, fraud or
misrepresentation.
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Project Affected Person (s)
A person that loses assets and/or usage rights and/or income
generation capacities (e.g., land, structures, crops, businesses)
because these assets/rights/capacities are located in land to be
acquired or used, for needs of the project. Not all PAPs are
displaced due to the Project, but all are potentially affected in
the maintenance of their livelihood.
Rehabilitation Assistance
The provision of development assistance in addition to
compensation such as land preparation, credit facilities, training,
or job opportunities, needed to enable Project Affected Persons and
Displaced Persons to improve their living standards, income earning
capacity and production levels; or at least maintain them at
pre-Project levels
Replacement Cost
Replacement cost" is the method of valuation of assets that
helps determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and
cover transaction costs. In applying this method of valuation,
depreciation of structures and assets should not be taken into
account. For losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for
in monetary terms (e.g., access to public services, customers, and
suppliers; or to fishing, grazing, or forest areas), attempts are
made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable
resources and earning opportunities. With regard to land and
structures, "replacement cost" is defined as follows: For
agricultural land, it is the pre-project or pre-displacement,
whichever is higher, market value of land of equal productive
potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus
the cost of preparing the land to levels similar to those of the
affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer
taxes. For land in urban areas, it is the pre-displacement market
value of land of equal size and use, with similar or improved
public infrastructure facilities and services and located in the
vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration
and transfer taxes. For houses and other structures, it is the
market cost of the materials to build a replacement structure with
an area and quality similar to or better than those of the affected
structure, or to repair a partially affected structure, plus the
cost of transporting building materials to the construction site,
plus the cost of any labor and contractors' fees, plus the cost of
any registration and transfer taxes. In determining the replacement
cost, depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials
are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be
derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an affected
asset.
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
The present document which is the overall Policy Framework for
Compensation, Resettlement and Rehabilitation of Project Affected
Persons for theTRIMING Project. The Policy Framework describes the
process and methods for carrying out resettlement under the
Project, including compensation, relocation and rehabilitation of
project affected persons.
Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)
The resettlement action plans prepared for specific
sub-projects. It is a resettlement instrument to be prepared when
project activities are identified, that require land acquisition
that leads to physical displacement of persons, and/or loss of
shelter, and /or loss of livelihoods and/or loss, denial or
restriction of access to economic resources. The RAP is prepared by
the party impacting people and livelihoods in this manner and
contains specific and legal binding requirements to be taken by
that party to resettle and compensate the affected party before
project activities causing this adverse impact are implemented.
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Right of Way Right to make a way over a piece of land, usually
to and from another piece of land.
Special assistance to vulnerable people
This refers to special efforts provided to the vulnerable
physically challenged persons such as those with blindness,
paralysis, difficulties with locomotion, incapacity to work, etc
who are ill prepared but displaced by the project. The special
assistance must be given by qualified persons/relatives/agencies,
for example an entity who can help care for an invalid, providing
transitional support (e.g. moving expenses, temporary food supply,
etc.).
Vulnerable Groups:
People who may by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or
mental disability, economic disadvantage or social status be more
adversely affected by resettlement than others; and who may have
limited ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement
assistance and related development benefits.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Irrigation is the application of water to the
soil for the purpose of supplying moisture essential for plant
growth. It is also undertaken to provide an insurance against
droughts, for cooling the soil and atmosphere. It equally provides
a more favorable environment for plant growth. Irrigation washes
out or dilutes salts in the soil and reduces the hazards of piping
and softening tillage pans. Given the abundant water resources in
the country and its potential for increasing agricultural
production in Nigeria, the Federal Government established the River
Basin Development Authority (RBDA). The scheme became necessary
because of the persistent too short rainy season in many states of
the federation. It was against this background that the Bakolori
and Middle Rima, the Kano River Irrigation, Hadejia Valley
Irrigation and Dadin Kowa Irrigation Projects were established.
However, because of the problems encountered in the project and the
need for effective irrigation development, the Federal Government
of Nigeria (FGN) has requested World Bank assistance to prepare the
Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) project.
The proposed project seeks to improve performance of irrigated and
water resources infrastructure and institutions for enhanced
productivity in selected irrigation schemes. The proposed credit
amount is US$ 400 million. Project Description Component 1: Water
Resources Management and Dam Operations Improvements (100 million
US$) This Component is part of the piloting support for the
transformative water resources sector reform covering policies,
enabling legislation, regulatory instruments and organizational
restructuring currently being formulated for enactment by the FGN.
It includes several subcomponents including Support to Integrated
Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Dam Operations Improvement
and Safety. The proposed Project supports the piloting of
anticipated provisions for separation of government regulatory and
operational powers and responsibilities for integrated water
resources management (IWRM) of river basin-wide water allocation,
river flow control and channel maintenance needed for sustainable
bulk water supply & drainage for large public irrigation scheme
planning, development and operational management. This Project has
selected dams and irrigation schemes within: (i) the Sokoto-Rima
river basin included in HA1 covering northwest Nigeria; (ii) the
Hadejia-Jamaare river basin contained within the
Hadejia-Jamaare-Komadugu-Yobe Basin of northeastern Nigerias HA 8;
and (iii) the Gongola River Basin in the Upper Benue HA. Under the
IWRM envisaged by the forthcoming water resources legislation and
its implementing institutions, meeting the large consumptive water
use and drainage water disposal of public irrigation schemes in a
river basin requires the planned consideration of the water
quantity and quality needs of all other non-irrigation water-using
sub-sectors including the environmental water needed to sustain the
biodiversity and productivity of diverse habitats. Component 2:
Irrigation Development and Management (205 million US$) The poor
condition and inefficient performance of irrigation canals and
dilapidated drainage infrastructure are the major contributors to
the poor water service delivery observed in most of the irrigation
schemes in Nigeria. These schemes were developed more than 20 to 30
years ago and proposed for rehabilitation and expansion (new
development) under TRIMING Project. These include Bakolori
Irrigation Project (BIP) and Middle Rima Irrigation Valley (MRIV)
in Sokoto-Rima River Basin Authority (SRRBA) and Kano River Project
(KRIP) and Hadejia-Jamaare Valley Irrigation Project (HVIP) in
Hadejia-Jama'are River Basin Authority (HJRBDA) in northern
Nigeria. Combined with poor on-farm water management practices,
inadequate agricultural services and market infrastructure as well
as the prevailing gaps in the policy environment, these problems
have
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12
impeded the development of irrigated agriculture in the country.
Moreover, some of the dams constructed during the same period and
still in good condition with a potential for multi-purpose use are
abandoned in various parts of the country. This is mainly
attributed to incomplete construction of the irrigation system and
instrumentation of the hydropower plant. Dadin Kowa dam in the
Upper Benue River Basin Authority (UBRBA) in Gombe state of
northeast Nigeria is among these dams. The sub components are
Irrigation Infrastructure Investments and Improving Irrigation
Management Component 3: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and
Supply Chains (40 million US$) This component will provide
resources to support strategic issues of value chain development,
complementing the programs of Agricultural Transformation Agenda of
the FGN. This will include value chain management and capacity
building for improved job opportunities to ensure inclusion of
small and medium size local entrepreneurs. Promotion of e-extension
services will be encouraged. Under this component technical
assistance for value chain analysis and private sector development
are foreseen: Matching grants for improvement of productive water
use in agricultural processing and mechanization as well as support
research and development. Technical assistance would be provided
for farmer water schools, applied research such as monitoring of
crop performance using remote sensing imagery, etc. Proposals will
be invited from interested agencies to carry out such studies.
Innovations from the project will be also identified and supported
for technology transfer within and outside the country.
Demonstrations and adaptive field trials will be carried out
primarily focusing on direct water efficiency interventions and
other water saving related technologies identified during the
implementation of the project. Component 4: Institutional
Development and Project Management (35 million US$) This component
will enhance the efficiency of personnel through the provision of
advanced IT based tools, performance-based systems for staff
evaluation, modern survey and design techniques as well the overall
management of the department through administrative and managerial
skills enhancements and tools (e.g. management information
systems). Through this business process re-engineering and
strengthened governance approach a more flexible, accountable, and
responsive Department can be nurtured. Moreover, a strengthened
role for water users associations and the concomitant Department
role in this agenda will be critical. Enhancing these reforms and
building greater farmer participation in water management are
crucial to achieving the development objective of improving
agricultural productivity and water-use efficiency. There is on
subcomponent for project management as well as monitoring and
evaluation. This subcomponent will help strengthen the Ministrys
capacity, incl. that of the PCU, to implement the project,
including fiduciary aspects framework for Bank Projects
(procurement, financial management, anti-corruption plan,
environmental and social safeguards), M&E, computers, vehicles,
Training on contract management, WUA, etc. A simple but effective
monitoring and evaluation system will be put in place. There is
another subcomponent on institutional development and governance
where capacity building will be supported at all levels (FMWR,
project, RBDA, scheme): (i) Under the capacity building part
numerous activities will be undertaken including: capacity needs
assessments for RBDAs, training in contract management, project
management, quality assurance; study tours; specific studies and
workshops; communications; generation of information and policy
notes, etc.; partnerships between national educational centers
(such as National Water Resources Institute in Kaduna) and
universities (e.g. Wageningen); (ii) Under the advocacy line of
activities the overall reform agenda will be promoted to make
O&M sustainable. The subcomponent will support for the
development of a communications strategy and its implementation;
studies, TA, on appropriate fee setting and collection, downsizing
of RBDAs, enhancing participation in decision-making, etc.
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13
Need for RPF The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is designed
to provide procedures and guidelines that will be followed because
the World Banks OP 4.12 is triggered by the project. The RPF
provides a practical tool (e.g. screening checklist) to guide the
preparation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) for sub-projects
during the implementation of the comprehensive Transforming
Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) project. The RPF sets
out the policies, principles, institutional arrangements, schedules
and indicative budgets that will take care of any anticipated
resettlements. These arrangements shall also ensure that there is a
systematic process (as against ad hoc one) for the different stages
of the implementation of a framework that assures participation of
affected persons, involvement of relevant institutions and
stakeholders, adherence to both World Bank and Government
procedures and requirements, and outline compensation for affected
persons. The RPF provide the framework within which Resettlement
Action Plans/Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans will be
developed and implemented when the project is certain of the
locations, designs and specific impacts of the sub-projects.
Project Location The coverage of the proposed interventions is
shown in Table 1.
Table 1: Overview of Coverage of Irrigation Schemes in the
Coverage of TRIMING
Basin (hydrological area)
Sub-basin Irrigation Site Dam
Niger North (HA-1) Sokoto Rima Bakolori Irrigation Scheme
Bakolori dam
Middle Rima Irrigation Valley Scheme
Goronyo and Zobe dams
Hadejia Jamaare Komadougou Yobe or Chad Basin (HA-8)
Hadejia Jamaare Kano River Irrigation Scheme Tiga and Challawa
Gorge dams
Hadejia Valley Irrigation Scheme
Hadeija barrage
Upper Benue (HA-3) Gongola Dadin Kowa Irrigation Scheme
Dadin Kowa dam
Bakolori is the name of a rural community in Zamfara State in
North Western Nigeria. The Bakolori Dam and Irrigation Scheme is
located in Maradun LGA of which was carved out of the old Talata
Mafara LGA. The irrigation scheme serves water users in the three
LGAs of Talata Mafara, Bakura and Maradun LGAs in Zamfara State.
The project area is located 110 km southeast from Sokoto City. The
Middle Rima Irrigation Valley scheme is located in Sokoto State,
north-west Nigeria. The Middle Rima Valley Irrigation Project is
located downstream of Goronyo Dam (not far from Niger Republic
border). The project area covers a total of 5,360hectares net
divided into six different irrigable sectors on both sides of the
Rima River. It is located between Goronyo Dam near the Village of
Katsira to the north-east on one end and about 5km downstream of
the village of Shinaka to the south-west on the other end.
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14
The Kano River Irrigation Project (KRIP) began as far back as
1969 with the construction of Bagauda Dam which Started at Kadawa
Irrigation Project Scheme, the precursor of the KRIP. The
Government quickly followed the Bagauda Dam with a much bigger dam,
the Tiga Dam between 1970 and 1973 with the primary purpose of
boosting agricultural production through irrigation to enhance self
reliance in food production. The control of the project was later
shifted from the Kano State Government to the Federal Government of
Nigeria as a project under Hadejia Jamaare River Basin Development
Authority. The Hadejia valley irrigation project is one of the
Federal Government Projects and is situated within Auyo, Kaugama,
Miga and Kafin Hausa and Hadejia Local Government Area of Jigawa
State, all in Hadejia Emirate. It is situated between Hadjia and
Kafin Hausa Rivers. This Project was designed to utilize the water
released from the upstream Challawa and Tiga dams, into the river
system. The Dadin Kowa Irrigation Project is located in Dadin kowa
village on the right bank of the Gongola River, near the Dadin kowa
bridge on the Gombe to Biu Road, 5km downstream of the Dadin kowa
Dam. It consists of 140ha gravity irrigation (phase I) and 160ha
sprinkler (phase II). This scheme was started in 1979 and was used
on a forerunner to the 25000ha Dadin kowa lot irrigation scheme
under the Dadin kowa Dam Project. Categories of PAPs The likely
displaced persons can be categorized into three groups, namely;
Affected Individual An individual who suffers loss of assets or
investments, land and property and/or access to natural and/or
economical resources as a result of the subproject activities and
to whom compensation is due.
Affected Household A household is affected if one or more of its
members is affected by sub project activities, either by loss of
property, loss of access or otherwise affected in any way by
project activities.
Vulnerable Households This includes persons who by virtue of
their gender, age, physical and/or economic disadvantage (or
because they otherwise belong to a Vulnerable Group) may be worse
off than others as a result of the partial or full demolition of
structures or acquisition of landholding in the project area.
Criteria for Eligibility for Compensation The Banks OP4.12
suggests the following three criteria for eligibility;
a) Those who have formal rights to land (including customary
land, traditional and religious rights, recognized under the
Federal and/or State Laws of Nigeria)
b) Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time
the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided
that such claims are recognized under the state, customary and/or
federal laws of Nigeria or become recognized through a process
identified in the resettlement plan
c) Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the
land they are occupying, using or getting their livelihood
from.
Legal Framework for Land Acquisition The legal framework for
land acquisition in Nigeria is the land use Act of 1978, reviewed
under Cap 202, 1990. The relevant World Bank operational policy (OP
4.12), which addresses land acquisition and involuntary
resettlement was reviewed. The differences between the Land Use Act
and the Banks OP 4.12 are mostly in rehabilitation measures, which
are neither proscribed nor mandated in the Act. Thus it is noted in
this RPF that
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15
in the event of divergence between the two, the World Bank
safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria Land Use Act.
Guiding Principles for Resettlement Planning Once the proposed
intervention has been designed, which will require voluntary or
involuntary taking of land or displacement, and before actual work
begins, a resettlement action plan will be developed. This will
involve a socioeconomic study and census (including complex
households such as compounds) that will be carried out within the
area directly affected by the project where land will be acquired.
The socioeconomic study should focus on such issues as livelihoods,
household and compound composition, clan and sub-clan organization,
other forms of social organization, gender composition, ethnic
groups, traditional and non-traditional leadership and other
factors in the area, conflict and other issues relevant to the
implementation of a resettlement plan. The census should include
information on all income sources including remittances. All the
above data shall be photographically documented. A sample household
questionnaire has been prepared as an annex to this RPF.
Concurrently, data will be collected on services available to
households in the area such as educational institutions,
health-care facilities, places of worship, extension agencies,
shops and any other services normally used by household members.
Transport facilities (roads, bus and van lines, etc.) should be
registered. Distance from households to facilities should be noted.
The valuation procedures of all assets that will be affected will
be conducted by a qualified valuer/surveyor. Compensation for loss
of income and assets will be at full replacement cost such that the
PAPs will experience no net loss. Eligibility criteria have been
defined. PAPs, communities, NGOs relevant stakeholders will
participate in the resettlement/rehabilitation process. The
specific plans/mechanisms for consultation and participation will
be detailed in the RAP and will include resettlement / local
resettlement committees for PAPs and communities and interagency
committees for participating stakeholders. Summary on the GRM The
grievance redress procedure will be simple, administered as far as
possible at the local and State levels to facilitate access,
flexible and open to various proofs taking into cognizance the fact
most people are illiterate requiring a speedy, just and fair
resolution of their grievances. All attempts would be made to
settle grievances. Those seeking redress and wishing to state
grievances would do so by notifying the Resettlement Committee. If
the complainants claim is rejected, then the matter will be brought
before the local courts for settlement. The decision of the state
high courts would be final and all such decisions must be reached
within a short period of time after the complaint is lodged. If a
complaint pattern emerges, the PCU and the State Ministry of
Environment and FMWR, with local community leaders will discuss
possible remediation in close consultation with the PCU at FMEnV,
who will only act as observers in this case. The local leaders will
be required to give advice concerning the need for revisions to
procedures. Once they agree on necessary and appropriate changes,
then a written description of the changed process will be made. The
municipal/township heads and other community leaders will be
responsible for communicating any changes to future potential PAPs
when the consultation process with them begins. Arrangements for
Compensation Compensation (and resettlement) will be funded like
any other activity eligible under the projects administrative and
financial management rules and manuals. Funding would be processed
and effected through the Transforming Irrigation Management in
Nigeria (TRIMING) Project Coordinating Unit (PCU) and will comply
with the financial arrangements agreed upon at project
negotiations. The compensation process, which will involve several
steps, would be in accordance with the Transforming Irrigation
Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) project resettlement and
compensation plans and will include public participation,
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16
notification, documentation and preparation of contracts and
compensation payments. The grievance redress mechanism as detailed
in the document should be followed in case of complaints.
Monitoring and Evaluation In order to successfully complete the
resettlement management as per the implementation schedule and
compliance with the policy and entitlement framework, there would
be need for monitoring and evaluation of the RAP/ARAP
implementation. Monitoring and evaluation will be a continuous
process and will include internal and external monitoring. The
safeguards officer shall play a key role in reporting the progress
of implementation as well as compliance to the PCU, PSC, TAC and
the World Bank. The RPF underscores the importance of monitoring
and evaluation of the sub projects under the Transforming
Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING) project. It also
highlights mechanisms for internal and external monitoring and
provides the indicators.
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17
JAWABI A TAKAICE
Noman rani shi ne zuba ruwa a cikin kasar noma da manufar samar
da danshi da zai iya taimakawa tsirrai su
fito kumahar su girma. Sannan kuma a na amfani da wannan domin
samar daw ani mataki na magance
barazanar fari, da kuma sanyaya kasa da ma yanayi baki daya.
Haka zalika, yin hakan na samar daw ani
kyakyawan yanayi day a dace da fitowar tsirrai. Wannan hanya
kuma na wanke ko kuwa rage yawan sinadarin
gishiri a cikin kasa da kuma rage matsanancin tsauri da bangori
da kasa ked a shi. Ta laakari da yalwar
kasar noma da kuma damar da ke akwai ta inganta yawan amfanin
gona a kasar nan, ya sanya gwamnatin
tarayya ta kafa hukumar raya koguna. Samar da wanna hukuma kuwa
ya zamo wajibi ta laakari da takaitacen
lokacin subar rowan damina da a ke fuskanta a wasu jahohin kasar
nan wannan ne kuma a ka kakkafa shirye-
shiryen noman rani na bakolori da Zobe da kano Hadeja gami da
Dadin kowa.
Sai dai kuma a sabili da matsalolin da a ka samu a cikin waddan
shirye-shirye da kuma bukatar dake akwai ta
bunkasa noman rani, gwamnatin tarayya ta roki bankin duniya don
samun tallafi domin aiwatar da shirin tafi da
noman rani a najeriya. Wannan shiri da za a gudanar na da
kudurin habaka dukkanin fannonin noman rani da
kyautata hukumomin dake kula da sho don samin skyakyawan
sakamako a zababbun shirya-shiryen noman
da abin ya shafa.
BAYANI GAME DA SHIRIN
Rashe na farko: Tattalin Albarkatun ruwa da inganta kariya ta
fuskar amfani da madatsun ruwa. Wannan
reshe na daga tallafi na gwaji da shirin ya kunsa domin sake
fasalin amfani da albarkatun tuwa, da hakan yah
ado da manufofi da tanajin doka da kuma kaidojin da aka gindaya.
Wannan reshe kuma ya kunshi kananan
rassa biyu: Tallafi gat sarin tattalin albarkatun ruwa da kuma
ka kariya ta fuskar amfani da madatsun ruwa.
Reshe na biyu (1): Tattali da kuma bunkasa Noman Rani
Rashin Kyakyawan yanayi na kafofin ban ruwa da kuma lalacewa da
wasu hanyoyin rowan suka yin a daga
ikin-manyan ginshikan da suka haifar rashin kyakyawan tsari na
ban ruwa da a ke fuskanta a mafi akasarin
cibiyoyi noman rani a Najeriya. Wadannan cibiyoyin noman rani an
kafa sun e tun kimanin shekaru ashirin ko
talatin da suka gabata an kuma yi tanajin yi masu garambawul a
karkashin shirin na TRIMING. Wadannan
cibiyoyi sun hada shirin Noman Rani na Bakolori a hukumar raya
kogunan Sokoto Rima da shirin Kogin Kano
da shirin Noman rani na Tsibirin Hadeja-Jamaare a hukumar raya
kogunan Hadejia Jamaare a yankin
arewacin najeriya. Wadanna matsaloli sun e suka hadu gami da
gurgunta cigaban ayyukan noman rani a
kasar nan. Sannan kuma mafi akasarin madatsun rowan da aka
giggina a wancan lokacin suka a cikin
kyakyawan yanayi da kuma za a iya amfani da su domin abubuwa da
dama an yi watsi das u a sassa daban-
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18
daban na kasar nan. A kan danganta hakan ne rashin karasa shirin
noman rani da kuma amfani da
makamashin wutar lantarki ta ruwa. Madatsar ruwa ta dadin kowa
dake cikin hukumar raya kogunnan Benue a
jihar Gombe ta arewa maso gabashin Najriya, na daga cikin
madatsu rowan da suka samu wannan matsala.
Reshe na uku (2): kyautata aikace-aikacen gonad a tsarin samar
da kayayyaki.
Wannan reshe na shirin zai duba batutuwan bunkasa dukkan
dukkanin matakan tallafawa shirye-shirye sake
fasalin ayyuka gona na gwamna tin tarayya. Wannan kuwa zai
kunshi inganta matakan samar da ayyukan yi
da kuma tabbatar da shigo da masu kanana da matsakaitan sanoi
dake a kananan matakai.
Haka kuma shirin zai bad a karfi ga amfani da dubarun zamani. A
karkashin wannan shiri akwai akanan rassa
biyu.
Karamin reshe na farko: Matakan Habaka amfani da ruwa ta hanyar
da ta dace waje ayyukan gona.
Wadannan matakai za su taimuka wajen aiwatar da tsarin bayar da
tallafi na GES ga manoma da kuma isar
da kumyya zamani ta fuskar adanawa da kulawa da abinda a ka noma
a bangarorin shirin. Zai samar da
kudade domin samun kayayya kayayyaki musamman da kulawa ga mata
da matasa. Wannan karamin reshen
zai kunshi adana abinda a ka samar da cibiyoyi kasuwancin, sad a
samar da ruwa gami da bayanan
kasuwanni da makamantan su.
Karamin reshe na biyu: Bincke kan tallafi da bunkasa shirin za a
samar da tallafin day a dace ga makarantun
koyar da manoma da na gudanar da bincike ire-iren sub a sanya
ido aka tasirin amfanin gona. Sannan za a
nomi tayin bayanai daga hukumomi daban-daban domin gudanar da
ayyukan bincike. Haka kuma za a gano
sabbin abubawan da shirin ya kunsa gami da kyautata su domin
yada kimiyyar a nan cikin gida da ma
kasashen waje. Sannan kuma za a gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da
manuniya a wurae da dama ta hanyar bayar
da fifiko akan hanyoyin tattalin albarkatun ruwa a yayin gudanar
da shirin
Reshe na hudu (3): Bunkasa jamiai da kyautata kula da
shirin.
Wannan reshen zai inganta kwazon jaman shrin ta hanya samar da
kayayyakin aiki na zamani da tsare-
tsaren suna kwazon maaikatan da dubarun gudanar dasafiyo da
tsartasaren shirin na zamani. Ta wannan
hanya ne za a inganta sashen dake kula da wannan shiri don
kyautata gudanar da aikin sa.
Wannan kuma zai kara karfafa samun cigaba da sauye-sauye
masalfanu ta fuskar amfani da albarkatun tuwa
yadda ya kamat karamin reshen faroko a karkashin reshe na hudu:
Sanya ido da kuma tantance shirin.
Wannan karamin reshen zai taimaka, wajen karfafa kwazon ma
aikatar da shirin ya shafa da kuma bangaren
da ke kula da tsara aiwatar da shirin ciki kuma harda tsfiyar da
aikace-aikace na banki (batutuwan kudade ken
an). A takaice dai za a yi tanajin kyakyawan tsari na tantancewa
da sanya ido a kan shirin.
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19
Karamin reshe na biyu a karkashin reshe na hudu (4): Bunkasa
hukumonin da shirin ya shafa:
Za a karfafa dukkanin matakan bunkasawa a dukkanin fannonin
shirin (wannan yah ado da maaikatar kula da
albarkatun ruwa ta tarayya da hukumomin raya koguna). A
karkashin wannan reshen za a fudanar da ayyuka
daban-daban da suka hada da tantance abubuwan bunkasa aiki da
ake bukata ga hukumomin raya koguna,
bayar da hood a karawa juna sani da tattalin shirin da rangadin
nazarin shirin da isar da sakonni da hanyoyin
tattaro bayanai da kulla kawance da cibiyoyin ilmi na kasa
BUKATAR SAMIR DA FASALIN BIYAN HAKKOKI
An tsara faslin biyan hakkoki ne tsara kaidoje da matakai da za
a bi a sabili da shigowar bankin duniya cikin
gudanar da shirin. Wannan fasali kuma shi ne zai samar da wata
shimfida da za ta zamo jagora wajen shirya
hanyoyin biyan hakkoki a karkashin kananan rassa na shirin a
lokacin aiwatar da babban shirin na TRIMING.
Haka zalika wannan fasali ya fito da tsare-tsare da manufofi da
za su kiyaye dukkanin shirin biyan hakkoki da
a ka hasashe. Wajibi ne kuma wadannan tsare-tsare su tabbatar da
cewa akwai wani kyakywar tanaji na
shigowar hukumomin da abin ya shafe da sauran masu ruwa da tsaki
gami da mutanen da shirin ya tabada
kuma bin kaidojin gwamnati da bankin duniya da kuma batutuwan
diyyar mutanen da shirin ya taba.
Sannan kuma wannan fasali na manufofin biyan hakkoki zai samar
da wata shimfida wadda daga cikin ta za a
samar da tsare-tsare aiwatar da biyan hakkoki gami da aiwatar da
shi idan shirin na TRIMING ya gamsu da
tsarin da a ka yiwa aiwatar da kananan rassa na shirin.
WARAREN DA SHIRIN YA SHAFA
Jaddawali na farko: Dubi a kan wuraren da shirye-shiryen nomin
rani ya hado da kuma yadda shirin na
TRIMING ya shafe su.
Yakin da kogi ya ke Hukuma Wajen shirin Noma Rani Madatsar
ruwa
yankin arewaa Niger Sokoto Rima SHIRIN Noman Rani na ts
kolori/shirin Noman Rani na
Tsibirin Rima
Madatsar ruwa ta Bakolori.
Madatsun ruwana Zobi da
Goronyo.
Kogin Hadeja-ja
naare-komadom-jhou-
yobe.
Hadaja Jamaare Hirin noman rani na kogin
kano
Shirin noman rani na tsi
Madatsun ruwa na tiga da
challawa gorge
Madatsar ruwa ta itaderia
Kogin Benue Gangola Shirin nomin rani na dadin
kowa
Madatsar ruwa ta dadin
kowa.
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20
Bakolori dai wani suna ne na wani yankin karkara dake a cikin
jihar Zamfara ta arewa maso yammacin
Najeriya Madatsar ruwa da shirin noman ranin na Bakolori kuwa
suna a cikin yankin karamar hukumar
maradun wadda a ka ciro tsohuwar karamar hukumar Talate Mafara.
Madatsar rowan dai na amfani har ga
jamaa dake a yankunan kananan hukomomin Talat Mafarada Bakura da
Maradun a jihar ta Zamfara. Wanna
shirin dai ya na kimanin kilomita 110 a kudu maso gabas da
birnin Sokoto.
Shi kuwa shirin nomin rani na tsibirin Rama ya na a cikin jahar
Sokotane daka a arewa maso yammacin
Najeriya. Wannan aiki dai an yi samar das hi ne tattare da
madatsar shrin nomin ranin kuma ya kunshi
kimanin tsawon hekta dubu biyar da dari uku da sittin. An kafa
shi ne a tsakanin madatsar ruwa ta Goronyo
kusa da kauyen Katsina a bangaren arewa maso gabsa da kuma
kilomita biyar da kauyan shinaka a bangaren
kude maso yamma.
Shirin Noman ranin kogin kano kuwa ya fare ne wajen shekare ta
alif da sittin da tara a sakamakon gina
madatsar ruwa ta Bagauda wanda ya fara daga shirin noma rani na
kadawa. Daga nan ne kuma gwamnati ta
hanzarta biyo bayan madatsar ruwa ta Bagauda da wata babbar
madatsar ruwan wato madatsar ruwa ta
Bagauda da Tiga a tsakanin shekara ta alif da dar tara da sabain
zuwa shekara ta alif da dari tara da sabain
da uku, da manufar bunkasa ayyukan gona ta hanyar noman rani don
inganta dogaro da kai masamman ma
ta fuskar samar eda abinci. Daga bisani hakkin kulawa da
madatsar ruwan tashi daga hannan gwamntin jahar
Katsina ya koma ga gwamnatin tarayya a matsayin wani shiri daka
a karkashin hukumar raya kogunan
Hadejia-jamaare.
Sanna kuma shirin noman rani na tsibirin Hadejia na daya daga
cikin ayyukan gwamnatin Auyo da kangama
da Miga da Kafin Hausa da Masarautar Hidejia da kafin Hausa.
Makasudin samar da shirin a shi ne a samu
sukunin cin moriyar ruwn dake fitowa daga kwararon madatsun ruwa
na Challawa da Tiga fitowa daga
kwarorin madatsun ruwa na Challawa da Tiga ya zuwa ga Kogin.
A bangare guda kuma, shrin noman rani na Dadin kowa an kafa shi
ne kauyen Dadin kowa daga bangaren
daman a Kogin Gongola kusa da gadar Dadin Kowa akan hanyar Zuwa
Biu da kilomita biyar daga kwaroron
madatsar ruwa da Dadin kowa. Wannan shirin dai ya fara ne a
shekara ta alif da dari tara da sabain da tara.
RUKUNNEN MATANEN DA SHIRIN YA SHAFA
Za a iya rarraba mutanen da wanna shirin ya shafa ya zuwa
rukunnai uku, kamar haka:
Mutumin da shirin ya shafa- wato wanda ya rasa kayayyakin sa ko
jarin sa ko fili a sakamakon aikace-
aikace da shirin ya kunsa kuma ya cancanci a bas hi diyya.
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Gidan da shirin ya shafa- gida zai iya zamowa shirin nan ya
shafe shi ne idan daya ko fiya da haka
daga mutanan day a kunsa ya samu tangarda a sakamakon
aikace-aikacen da wannan shirin ya
kunsa.
Gidan masu larura- wannan kuwa ya kunshi mutanen daa sakamakon
wata nakasa ko rashin tattalin
arziki zai fuskanci Karin matsaloli idan a ka taba wani bangare
ko kuwa dukkanin gine-ginen saa
yarkin da saurin ya shafa.
MATAKAN CENCENTA DA DIYYA
Tsarin bankin duniya ya bijiro da wasu hanyoyi ukku na cancenta
da diyya a cikin wannan shiri:
a. Mutanen da suke da cikekken hakkin da mallakar fili ko kasa
da tanajin dokokin kasa ko na gargajiya
ma suka lamince da shi.
b. Mutanen da basu da hakkin mallakar fili ya zuwa lokacin da a
ka gudanar da kidaya, to amma su na
ikirari yazo daidai da tanaje-tanajen dokokin kasa ko jiha ko
kuwa gargaiya.
c. Wadanda basu da cikakken hakkin mallaka ko ikirari dake da
goyon bayan doka akan filayen da suke
amfani da su don neman abinci.
FASALIN DOKA A KAN MALLAKAR FILI
Fasalin daya shafi mallakar fili a Najeriya shine daftarin dokar
nan na amfani da fili ko kasa na shekara ta alif
da dari tara da sabain da takwas da a ka yiwa gyara a karkashin
babbar doka ta 202 ta shekara ta alif da dari
tara da casain. Haka kuma anyi gyara akan tsarin gudanar da
ayyuka na bankin duniya wanda ya shafi
mallakar fili da biyan hakkoki. In da ke da banbancin tsakanin
daftarin dokar amfani da fili da kuma tsarin
gudanar da aiki na bankin shi ne wasu matakai na biyan
hakkoki.
HANYOYIN BI DOMIN TSARA BIYAN HAKKOKI
Da zaran an tsara bangarorin da shirin zai shigo wanda zai
kunshi karbar filaye da gonaki ko kuwa gidajedaga
hannun Jamaa, to kafin a fara ainihin ayyukan da shirin ya kunsa
zaa samar da tsarin aiwatar da biyan
hakkoki. Wannan kuwa zai kunshi gudanar da nazari da kidaya na
gidaje da gine-gine kai tsaye a yankin da
shirin ya shafa. Kuma nazarin a kan yanayin zamantakewa jamaa
zai dora fifiko ga akan batutuwa da suka
hada da hanyoyin neman abinci da gidaje da gine-gine jinsi da
rukuni-rukuni na jamaa da kabilu dake akwai
da salsalon shugabanci da ma sauran bangarori da biyan hakkokin
ya kunsa. Bayanin da zaa nema zasu
hado da hanyoyin samun kudaden shiga, sannan kuma zaa adana
dukkanin bayanin da a ka nemo gami da
hotuna. Haka kuma nazarin zai kunshi wasu muhimman abubuwa da
suka hada da makarantun ilmi da
cibiyoyi kiwon lafiya da wuraren ibada da hukumomi da shagunan
saya da sayarwa da sauran abubuwan
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22
bukata na rayuwar yau da kullum. Haka kuma za duba hanyoyin
sufuri da kuma tsarar dake akwai tsakanin
jamaa da wadannan abubuwa.
TAKAITACCEN BAYANI KAN HANYOYIN MAGAN RASHIN FAHINTA
Za a dauki matakan warware rashin fahimta ko iwa kuwa damuwa
masu sauki matuka a matakin jihad a
kananan matakai ta hanyar bayar da cikakkun bayanai ma su
gamsuwar, da la akari da cewar mafi akasarin
mutanen na da karancin ilmi kuma sun a bukatar warware rashin
fahimtar su a cikin sauri kuma a bias adalci.
Don haka za a dauki dukkanin matakan da suka dace domin warware
damuwa ko rashin fahimta a yayin da
bukatar hakan ta taso. Wadanda ked a bukatar a duba damuwar su
za su iya gabatar da bukatar su ga
kwamitin kula da hakkoki. Idan ba a karbi koken da a ka gabatar
ba, to sai amika batun ga kananan kotuna
domin warware su. Sannan kuma matsayar da manyan kotuna na
jihohi shi zai zamo karshe kuma wajibi ne a
cimma wadannan matsayoyi a cikin takaitaccen lokaci daga sailin
da aka gabatar da koken.
SHIRYE SHIRYEN BAYAR DA DIYYA
Za a iya diyya da sauran hakkoki a karkashin tsare-tsare da
kaidoji na kudi da mulki na wannan sx=hiri. Za a
tsara gami da samar da kudade a karkashin shirin na fasalin tafi
da noman rani a Najeriya sannan kuma zai
tafi kafada da kafada da yarjenjeniyar kasha kashen kudade da
aka cimmawa a lokacin tsara shirin. Sannan
kuma tsarin biyan diyyar wanda zai kasance a mataki-mataki, kuma
za a gudanar da shi a daidai da tanaje
tanajen biyan diyya da hakkoki na shirin na TRIMING.
TANTANCEWA DA SANYA IDO
Domin kamala biyan hakkoki baki daya. Matakin na tantancewa da
sanya ido zai zamo wani alamari mai
dorewa, kuma zai hado da cikin gida da kuma wanjen shrin.
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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Irrigation is the application of water to the
soil for the purpose of supplying moisture essential for plant
growth. It is also undertaken to provide an insurance against
droughts, for cooling the soil and atmosphere. It equally provides
a more favourable environment for plant growth. Irrigation washes
out or dilutes salts in the soil and reduces the hazards of piping
and softening tillage pans. Irrigation development has long been
considered essential to the sustainable growth of agricultural
production in Nigeria. Given the abundant water resources in the
country and its potential for increasing agricultural production in
Nigeria, the Federal Government established the River Basin
Development Authorities (RBDA). The schemes became necessary
because of the persistent too short rainy season in many states of
the federation. It was against this background that the Bakolori
and Zobe, the Kano River Irrigation, Hadejia Valley Irrigation and
Dadin Kowa Irrigation Projects were established. However, because
of the problems encountered in the projects and the need for
effective irrigation development, the Federal Government of Nigeria
(FGN) has requested World Bank assistance to prepare the
Transforming Irrigation Management in Nigeria (TRIMING). The
proposed project seeks to improve performance of irrigated and
water resources infrastructure and institutions for enhanced
productivity in selected irrigation schemes. The TRIMING Project
will directly support key cross-cutting priorities in the water and
agricultural sectors that are identified in the Country Partnership
Strategy (CPS). These include increasing agricultural productivity,
where the CPS places a strong emphasis on innovative approaches and
on strengthening of systems. The proposed credit amount is US$ 400
million. The proposed project is classified as Category A for the
purpose of the World Bank Safeguard Policies which means that it
must be subjected to a full environmental assessment as required by
the World Banks Operational Policy on Environmental Assessment
(OP/BP4.01). The proposed project triggers a number of World Bank
Safeguard Policies. The policies triggered are as follows:
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01);
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04);
Pest Management (OP/BP 4.09);
Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11);
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12);
Safety of Dams (OP/BP4.37);
International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50). This Resettlement Policy
Framework (RPF) is designed to provide procedures and guidelines
that will be followed because the World Banks OP 4.12 is triggered
by the sub-project activities. Considering that the details of the
sub-projects under TRIMING (volume, scope, scale and/or actual
nature of activities, etc.) are not known, it is therefore not
possible in this situation to prepare a Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP) or an Abbreviated Resettlement Plan (ARAP). The World Bank
Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) therefore
requires the development of a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
to guide the preparation of sub-project specific RAPs. This
Resettlement Policy framework clarifies resettlement principles,
organizational arrangements and design criteria to be applied
during project implementation. Sub-project resettlement plans
consistent with the RPF will subsequently be submitted to the Bank
for approval after specific planning information becomes available.
It should be noted that the policy is designed to mitigate harm
caused by displacement or land acquisition
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occurring in the process of the TRIMING project Implementation
by setting out appropriate parameters for compensation and other
assistance required by OP 4.12. The RPF shall serve as a practical
tool (e.g. screening checklist) to guide the preparation of
Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) for sub-projects during the
implementation of the comprehensive Transforming Irrigation
Management in Nigeria (TRIMING).It is vital to note that for each
subproject supported under the Project that involves land
acquisition or relocation of people, a separate Resettlement Action
Plan (RAP) satisfactory to the Bank is required prior to signing a
work order. 1.2 Objectives for Consultancy The main objective of
the consultancy is to prepare a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF)
applicable to the project over its time frame. The preparation of
this RPF shall follow the requirements of the World Banks policy on
Involuntary Resettlement, OP 4.12 and ESMF that has been prepared
as a separate document for the project. The RPF shall also make
reference to the Federal Government of Nigerias legal and
institutional requirements. 1.3 Scope of Work The assignment by the
Consultant shall cover the following key areas as described in the
ToR. Other areas considered relevant by the Consultant should be
included so far as they add value to the outlined areas below:
i. The Resettlement policy framework shall clarify resettlement
principles, organizational arrangements and design criteria to be
applied to sub-projects to be prepared during project
implementation. Sub-project resettlement plans (RAPs) consistent
with the RPF will subsequently be submitted to the Bank for
approval after specific planning information becomes available
prior to disbursement for a specific subproject. .
ii. The scope of work for the RPF assignment will cover the
following elements, consistent with the provisions described in OP
4.12, paras. 2 and 4:
iii. A brief description of the project and components for which
land acquisition and resettlement are required, and an explanation
of why a Resettlement Policy Framework;
iv. Principles and objectives governing resettlement preparation
and implementation, including a legal analysis and framework,
reviewing the fit between borrower laws and regulations and Bank
policy requirements and measures proposed to bridge any gaps
between them;
v. A clearly set out screening process for all subcomponents and
a description of the process for preparing and approving
Resettlement Action Plans (RAP), including outlining the process
and content required for the preparation of such plans;
vi. Estimated population displacement and likely categories of
displaced persons, to the extent feasible; vii. Eligibility
criteria for defining various categories of displaced persons;
viii. A Methodology to identify precisely the affected population
before the intervention; and to assure that
this population will be the beneficiary of the relocation; this
methodology will include a detailed census after which a cutoff
date is declared;
ix. A Methodology for valuing affected assets; Compensation and
assistance are to be based on the overall principle that affected
people shall not suffer net losses as a result of the project and
that affected assets will be compensated at or above replacement
cost;
x. Definition of entitlements including, as appropriate,
replacement housing, replacement farmland, cash compensation and
other forms;
xi. Organizational procedures for delivery of entitlements,
including, for projects involving private sector intermediaries,
the responsibilities of the financial intermediary, the government,
and the private
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25
developer; xii. A description of the implementation process,
linking resettlement planning and implementation to both
civil works and livelihood strategies; xiii. A description of
grievance redress mechanisms to be supported or established; xiv. A
description of the arrangements for funding resettlement including
the preparation and review of
cost estimates, the flow of funds, and the contingency
arrangements xv. A description of mechanisms for consultations
with, and participation of, displaced persons in
planning, implementation, and monitoring; and xvi. Arrangements
for monitoring by the implementing agency and, if required, by
independent monitors. xvii. Template for the design of sub-project
RAPs xviii. A description of the processes of monitoring,
verification and evaluation required for effective
implementation of the resettlement process. 1.4 Principles and
Objectives of World Banks Resettlement Policy Generally,
involuntary resettlement, unless properly managed, may result in
long-term hardship and impoverishment for affected persons and
communities, as well as environmental damage and social stress in
areas to which they have been displaced. The impacts due to
involuntary resettlement from development projects, if left
unmitigated, often gives rise to severe economic, social and
environmental risks resulting in production systems being
dismantled; people facing impoverishment when their productive
assets or income sources are lost; people being relocated to
environment where their skills may be less applicable and the
competition of resources greater; community institutions and social
networks being weakened; kin/clan groups being dispersed; and
cultural identity, traditional authority, and the potential for
mutual help are diminished or lost. For these reasons, most
projects, like the TRIMING supported by the Bank are designed to
avoid involuntary resettlement. Where it is unavoidable to embark
on involuntary resettlement assistance as a sustainable development
initiative, appropriate measures to minimize, as much as possible,
are chosen. For adverse impacts on displaced persons and host
communities, carefully planned and implemented framework is ensured
to mitigate the impact. The World Bank Resettlement Policy OP 4.12
could be triggered in instances where, project activities could
result in loss of structures (houses, fences/ involuntary take of
land etc.) and possibly incomes (rents for landlords, business
premises, agricultural land). Therefore, people are in most cases
compensated for their loss (of land, property or access) either in
kind or in cash of which, in most cases the former is preferred.
The failure to take into account potential involuntary resettlement
in the rehabilitation of 11,200 ha of irrigated land and an
expansion of the existing scheme of up to 22,400 ha., for example
as will be carried out in TRIMING project can increase the risk of
hardship and negatively impact poverty reduction objectives. It is
generally recognized that the impacts due to involuntary
resettlement from development projects give rise to severe
economic, social and environmental risks if left unmitigated such
as listed below: a. Landlessness
Land expropriation removes the main foundation on which many
people build productive systems, commercial activities and
livelihoods.
Often land is lost forever and sometimes it is partially
replaced, seldom fully replaced or fully compensated. This is the
main form of de-capitalization and pauperization of the people who
are displaced, and both natural and man-made capital is lost.
b. Homelessness
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26
Loss of shelter may be only temporary for many people, but for
some it remains a chronic condition and is also felt as loss of
identity and cultural impoverishment.
Loss of housing may have consequences on family cohesion and on
mutual help networks if neighbouring households of the same kinship
group get scattered.
Group relocation of neighbours is therefore usually preferable
over dispersed relocation. c. Joblessness
Loss of salaried employment occurs both in rural and urban
displacement. People losing jobs may be industrial or service
workers, landless agricultural labourers, or artisans. Unemployment
or under-employment among those who are resettled may linger long
after physical
relocation. Creating new jobs for them is difficult and requires
substantial investments, new creative approaches,
and reliance on sharing project benefits. d. Food Insecurity
Destruction of crops diminishes self-sufficiency, dismantles
local arrangements for food supply, and thus increases the risk of
chronic food insecurity. This is defined as calorie-protein intake
levels below the minimum necessary for normal growth and work.
e. Increased Morbidity and Mortality Vulnerability of the
poorest people to illness is increased by forced relocation,
because it tends to be
associated with increased stress, psychological traumas, or the
outbreak of parasitic diseases. Decreases in health levels result
from unsafe water supply and sewage systems that cause the
spread of epidemic infections, diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. f.
Educational Loss
Involuntary displacement disrupts all public services at the
departure sites, with heavy effects particularly on school
programmes.
Interruption of school attendance causes prolonged loss of
access to education; some children do not return to school at all
and are prematurely sent by their families to join the labour
force.
g. Social Displacement The dismantling of community structures
and social organization, the dispersion of informal and formal
networks, local associations, etc. is a massive loss of social
capital. Such displacement undermines livelihoods in ways usually
not recognized and not measured by planners, and is a cause of
disempowerment and impoverishment.
h. Marginalization This occurs when relocated families lose
economic power and slide down towards lesser socio-
economic positions. Middle-income households become small
landholders while small shopkeepers and craftsmen lose
business and fall below poverty thresholds. Economic
marginalization tends to be accompanied by social and psychological
marginalization.
i. Loss of Access to Common Property Poor farmers, particularly
those without assets, suffer loss of access to the common property
goods
belonging to communities that are relocated (e.g., loss of
access to forests, water bodies, grazing lands, fishing areas,
cemetery lands, etc.). This represents a form of income loss and
livelihood deterioration that is typically overlooked by planners
and therefore uncompensated.
In line with the foregoing, this Resettlement Policy Framework
has the following objectives: (i) Involuntary resettlement and land
acquisition should be avoided where feasible, or minimized,
exploring all viable alternative project designs; (ii) Where it
is not feasible to avoid, resettlement and compensation activities
should be conceived and
executed as sustainable development programs, providing
sufficient investment resources to enable
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27
the persons displaced by the project the opportunity to share in
project benefits. Displaced and compensated persons must be
meaningfully consulted and have opportunities to participate in
planning and implementing the programs linked to their
resettlement.
(iii) Displaced (economically or physically) and compensated
persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their
livelihoods and standards of living , or at least restore them, in
real terms, to pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior
to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is
higher.
For the purposes of this framework, Affected Persons are defined
as: All persons who, as a result of works carried out or to be
carried out under the Project, would incur: (i) relocation or loss
of shelter, such as houses; (ii) loss of assets or access to
assets, such as land or crops; or (iii) loss of income sources or
means of livelihood whether or not the affected persons must move
to another location, such as stalls or productive activities on the
land; or (iv) the involuntary restriction of access to legally
designated parks or protected areas, which would result in adverse
impacts on the livelihoods of displaced persons. Therefore,
involuntary resettlement, as per the definition in OP 4.12 (Annex
1), means both physical displacement as well as economic
displacement. The term involuntary means any taking or
displacement, to which the project affected person cannot say no -
that is an action that may take place without the displaced persons
informed consent or power of choice, is involuntary and therefore
the policy OP 4.12 applies. The policy applies to all displaced
persons regardless of the total number affected, the severity of
the impact and whether or not they have legal title to the land.
Particular attention will be paid to the needs of vulnerable groups
among those displaced; especially those below the poverty line; the
landless, the elderly, women and children and the ethnic minorities
or other displaced persons who may not be protected through
Nigerian land compensation legislation. In particular for TRIMING
Project, the policy also requires that the implementation of
individual resettlement and compensation plans are a prerequisite
for the commencement of project activities causing resettlement,
such as land acquisition, to ensure that displacement or
restriction to access does not occur before necessary measures for
resettlement and compensation are in place. It is further required
that these measures include provision of compensation and of other
assistance required for relocation, prior to displacement, and
preparation and provision of resettlement sites (if necessary) with
adequate facilities, where required. In particular, the taking of
land and related assets or the denial of access to assets may take
place only after compensation has been paid and where applicable,
resettlement sites, new homes, related infrastructure, public
services and moving allowances have been provided to displaced
persons. Furthermore, where relocation or loss of shelter occurs,
the policy further requires that measures to assist the displaced
persons are implemented in accordance with the resettlement action
plan. 1.5 The Need for Transforming Irrigation Management in
Nigeria (TRIMING) Project Resettlement
Policy Framework (RPF)
This Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is designed to provide
procedures and guidelines that would be followed because the World
Banks OP 4.12 is triggered by the project. The RPF provides a
practical tool (e.g.
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28
screening checklist) to guide the preparation of Resettlement
Action Plans (RAPs) for sub-projects during the implementation of
the comprehensive TRIMING project. The RPF sets out the policies,
principles, institutional arrangements, schedules and indicative
budgets that will take care of any anticipated resettlements. These
arrangements shall also ensure that there is a systematic process
(as against an hoc one) for the different stages of the
implementation of a framework that assures participation of
affected persons, involvement of relevant institutions and
stakeholders, adherence to both World Bank and Government
procedures and requirements, and outline compensation for affected
persons. The RPF provide the framework within which Resettlement
Action Plans/Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans will be
developed when the project is certain of the locations and specific
impacts of the sub-projects.
1.6 TRIMING Project and the Principle of Involuntary
Resettlement Under the World Bank OP 4.12, those affected by
resettlement are defined as those who are directly affected
socially and economically by: (a) The involuntary taking of land
and other assets resulting in:
relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to
assets; or loss of direct income sources or means of livelihood
(i.e., income and livelihoods directly
dependent on the affected areas), whether or not the affected
persons must move to another location.
(b) The involuntary restriction of access to legally designated
parks and protected areas results in adverse impacts on the
livelihood of the displaced persons. The Bank Safeguard Policy OP
4.12 applies to TRIMING Project in:
1. All components under the project, whether or not they are
directly funded in whole or in part by the Bank.
2. All displaced persons due to the sub-projects regardless of
the total number affected and the severity of the impact and
whether or not they have legal title to the land.
3. Squatters or other land occupiers who lack legal title or
legal occupancy rights to the land they occupy who should be
entitled to assistance in accordance with the objectives of the
RPF.
This RPF further applies to other activities resulting in
involuntary resettlement that in the judgment of the Bank are:
a) Directly and significantly related to TRIMING Project
sub-projects during implementation b) Necessary to achieve its
objectives as set forth in the project documents; and c) Carried
out, or planned to be carried out, at the same time as the TRIMING
Project sub-projects.
Below, is an overview of what must be done to compensate those
that will be displaced involuntarily (loss of land or prevention of
access to normal means of livelihood) is given:
Offer displaced persons choices among feasible resettlement
options, including adequate replacement housing or cash
compensation where appropriate.
Provide relocation assistance suited to the needs of each group
of displaced persons, with particular attention paid to the needs
of the poor and the vulnerable.
Make alternative housing and/or cash compensation available
prior to relocation. Build new resettlement sites for displaced
persons with improved living conditions.( where relocation
to new site is the case
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29
In the case of physically displaced persons with recognized or
recognizable rights, the project will offer the choice of
replacement property of equal or higher value, equivalent or better
characteristics and advantages of location or cash compensation at
full replacement value.
For all displaced persons, including those without formal or
recognizable rights to land, compensate them for the loss of assets
other than land, such as dwellings and other improvements to the
land, at full replacement cost.
Offer compensation in kind in lieu of cash compensation where
feasible. Based on consultation with such displaced persons,
provide relocation assistance sufficient for them to restore their
standards of living at an adequate alternative site. It is
important to stress that the policy is not designed to address
economic displacement in itself. Economic displacement could occur
where people suffer losses or damage due to project activities that
do not involve the taking of land. For example, if the water pipes
to be replaced are located in a street where business shops are and
disruption of economic activities may be caused temporary as people
may be prevented for visiting nearby shops to make purchases. This
is a purely economic displacement and not subject to OP4.12 because
land was not taken from the business itself. In summary, this RPF
reflects the fact that OP4.12 demands mitigation only